IFI35

gene
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Also known as IFP35

Summary

IFI35 (interferon induced protein 35, HGNC:5399) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17q21.31, encoding Interferon-induced 35 kDa protein (P80217). Acts as a signaling pathway regulator involved in innate immune system response.

Enables identical protein binding activity. Involved in several processes, including macrophage activation involved in immune response; negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction; and positive regulation of defense response. Located in several cellular components, including cytosol; extracellular space; and nuclear lumen.

Source: NCBI Gene 3430 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 1
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 61 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_001330230

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:5399
Approved symbolIFI35
Nameinterferon induced protein 35
Location17q21.31
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesIFP35
Ensembl geneENSG00000068079
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM600735
Entrez3430

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 8 — 5 retained_intron, 2 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000246911, ENST00000396722, ENST00000415816, ENST00000438323, ENST00000534876, ENST00000536969, ENST00000538473, ENST00000546325

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_001330230 NM_001330230, NM_005533

CCDS: CCDS11450, CCDS82134

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000415816 — 7 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000007275484301377643013882
ENSE000012880374301347643013662
ENSE000022532014300678443006968
ENSE000034844924301326743013373
ENSE000035125094301217943012277
ENSE000035763234301304743013194
ENSE000039004074301410843014456

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 241 present calls, max score 96.81.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 19.0161 / max 359.3059, expressed in 1733 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
16104215.38291717
1610433.3794939
1610440.152462
1610450.101447

Top tissues by expression

285 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
granulocyteCL:000009496.81gold quality
monocyteCL:000057696.43gold quality
mononuclear cellCL:000084296.26gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073896.13gold quality
deciduaUBERON:000245095.12gold quality
right adrenal glandUBERON:000123394.92gold quality
right adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582794.30gold quality
left adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582594.14gold quality
left adrenal glandUBERON:000123494.13gold quality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499193.73gold quality
apex of heartUBERON:000209893.68gold quality
adrenal cortexUBERON:000123592.73gold quality
spleenUBERON:000210692.68gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patchUBERON:000345492.57gold quality
gall bladderUBERON:000211092.31gold quality
adrenal glandUBERON:000236991.96gold quality
transverse colonUBERON:000115791.54gold quality
upper lobe of left lungUBERON:000895291.52gold quality
tibial nerveUBERON:000132391.48gold quality
omental fat padUBERON:001041491.29gold quality
peritoneumUBERON:000235891.24gold quality
small intestineUBERON:000210891.07gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colonUBERON:003580591.05gold quality
tendon of biceps brachiiUBERON:000818890.96gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119990.88gold quality
bloodUBERON:000017890.84gold quality
right ovaryUBERON:000211890.80gold quality
vermiform appendixUBERON:000115490.74gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal regionUBERON:000780890.74gold quality
left ovaryUBERON:000211990.73gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-CURD-114yes165.66
E-HCAD-13yes13.20
E-ANND-3no0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AR, IRF1, IRF2, STAT1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

17 targeting IFI35, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6825-5P99.9669.813431
HSA-MIR-450B-5P99.9271.483175
HSA-MIR-1255A99.7468.09744
HSA-MIR-1255B-5P99.7468.16741
HSA-MIR-7106-5P99.5367.473574
HSA-MIR-19A-5P99.3666.931675
HSA-MIR-19B-1-5P99.3667.071669
HSA-MIR-19B-2-5P99.3667.071669
HSA-MIR-589-5P98.7266.96927
HSA-MIR-3187-5P98.3665.741776
HSA-MIR-3155A98.1666.09965
HSA-MIR-3155B98.1666.09965
HSA-MIR-48498.1666.921074
HSA-MIR-1285-3P97.7267.021932
HSA-MIR-5189-5P97.7266.961814
HSA-MIR-61297.2665.951597
HSA-MIR-686097.2166.311656

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 14)

  • Dissociation of the IFN-induced protein IFP35 from NMI is a newly defined specific cytoplasmic event occurring during apoptosis. (PMID:11911807)
  • The results provide a novel role of CKIP-1 in cytokine signaling response and the biochemical mechanism, by which two previously identified modulators IFP35 and Nmi are involved via interactions. (PMID:17197158)
  • IFP35 can interact with the bovine Tas (BTas) regulatory protein of bovine foamy virus; overexpression of IFP35 disturbs the ability of BTas to activate viral-gene transcription and inhibits viral replication. (PMID:18305040)
  • IRF-1 also activates IFP35 expression in an IFN-gamma-inducible manner. (PMID:23226549)
  • IFI35 negatively regulates RIG-I antiviral signaling and supports vesicular stomatitis virus replication. (PMID:24371060)
  • Knockdown of IFP35 expression abolished pEGFP-N1-2C and pEGFP-N1-Nmi-induced activation of type I interferon promoters. (PMID:25085622)
  • Trim21 regulates Nmi-IFI35 complex-mediated inhibition of innate antiviral response (PMID:26342464)
  • Activation of TLR3 by poly IC induces the IFI35 expression in Mesangial Cells. Regional expression of IFI35 and its dysregulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of glomerular inflammation in CKD. (PMID:27639618)
  • IFI35 enhances proliferation of mesangial cells and is regulated by MBD2 in lupus nephritis. (PMID:28064541)
  • Study found that TLR3 signaling induces the expression of IFI35, and IFI35 negatively regulates IFN-beta-P-STAT1-RIG-I-CXCL10/CCL5 axis in U373MG cells. This suggests that IFI35 expressed in astrocytes may play an important role in regulating the innate immune system in astrocytoma cells. (PMID:28109979)
  • Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) are important mediators of innate immunity. Here the authors show that N-myc and STAT interactor (NMI) and interferon-induced protein 35 (IFP35) act as DAMPs to promote inflammation by activating macrophages via the Toll-like receptor 4 and NF-kappaB pathways. (PMID:29038465)
  • inhibits both endothelial cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting the NF-kappaB/p65 pathway; functionally interacts with Nmi through its NID1 domain (PMID:29350881)
  • IFI35 as a biomolecular marker of neuroinflammation and treatment response in multiple sclerosis. (PMID:32781067)
  • IFP35 family proteins promote neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis. (PMID:34362845)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_rerioifi35ENSDARG00000075643
mus_musculusIfi35ENSMUSG00000010358
rattus_norvegicusIfi35ENSRNOG00000020678

Paralogs (2): NMI (ENSG00000123609), RBM43 (ENSG00000184898)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Interferon-induced 35 kDa proteinP80217 (reviewed: P80217)

All UniProt accessions (1): P80217

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Acts as a signaling pathway regulator involved in innate immune system response. In response to interferon IFN-alpha, associates in a complex with signaling pathway regulator NMI to regulate immune response; the complex formation prevents proteasome-mediated degradation of IFI35 and correlates with IFI35 dephosphorylation. In complex with NMI, inhibits virus-triggered type I interferon/IFN-beta production. In complex with NMI, negatively regulates nuclear factor NF-kappa-B signaling by inhibiting the nuclear translocation, activation and transcription of the NF-kappa-B subunit p65/RELA, resulting in the inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, migration and re-endothelialization of injured arteries. Beside its role as an intracellular signaling pathway regulator, also functions extracellularly as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to promote inflammation when actively released by macrophage to the extracellular space during cell injury and pathogen invasion. Macrophage-secreted IFI35 activates NF-kappa-B signaling in adjacent macrophages through Toll-like receptor 4/TLR4 activation, thereby inducing NF-kappa-B translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus which promotes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer. Also interacts with BATF. Interacts with TRIM21. Interacts with NMI; the interaction is direct and is facilitated by TRIM21.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in a wide range of cell types, including fibroblasts, macrophages, and epithelial cells.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylated. Dephosphorylation correlates with the formation of a complex with NMI.

Domain organisation. The NID domain 1 is involved in the negative regulation of p65/RELA transcription and the negative regulation of NF-kappa-B pathway activation.

Induction. Up-regulated by interferons IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma.

Miscellaneous. Due to a polymorphism at the 3’-splice acceptor site of intron 4.

Similarity. Belongs to the NMI family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
P80217-11yes
P80217-22

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001317159, NP_005524 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR009909Nmi/IFP35_domDomain
IPR009938Nmi/IFP35_NDomain
IPR012677Nucleotide-bd_a/b_plait_sfHomologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF07292, PF07334

UniProt features (9 total): domain 2, sequence variant 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, region of interest 1, splice variant 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
21NGX-RAY DIFFRACTION1.53
21OTX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.5

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-P80217-F183.450.48

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-909733Interferon alpha/beta signaling
R-HSA-1280215Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
R-HSA-168256Immune System
R-HSA-913531Interferon Signaling

MSigDB gene sets: 383 (showing top): JI_RESPONSE_TO_FSH_UP, CHIARADONNA_NEOPLASTIC_TRANSFORMATION_KRAS_DN, REACTOME_CYTOKINE_SIGNALING_IN_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE, GOBP_MACROPHAGE_ACTIVATION_INVOLVED_IN_IMMUNE_RESPONSE, MODULE_45, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_UP, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_UP, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_TOLL_LIKE_RECEPTOR_4_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_INTRACELLULAR_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, FERREIRA_EWINGS_SARCOMA_UNSTABLE_VS_STABLE_DN, CHANG_IMMORTALIZED_BY_HPV31_DN, GOBP_CELL_ACTIVATION_INVOLVED_IN_IMMUNE_RESPONSE, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_RESPONSE_TO_EXTERNAL_STIMULUS

GO Biological Process (10): macrophage activation involved in immune response (GO:0002281), negative regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008285), positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway (GO:0034145), innate immune response (GO:0045087), positive regulation of innate immune response (GO:0045089), positive regulation of inflammatory response (GO:0050729), negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:1901223), positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:1901224), immune system process (GO:0002376), regulation of innate immune response (GO:0045088)

GO Molecular Function (2): identical protein binding (GO:0042802), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (8): obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), nucleolus (GO:0005730), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), membrane (GO:0016020), extracellular region (GO:0005576)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Interferon Signaling1
Immune System1
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure5
immune response2
positive regulation of defense response2
positive regulation of response to external stimulus2
innate immune response2
non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction2
regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction2
nuclear lumen2
myeloid cell activation involved in immune response1
leukocyte activation involved in immune response1
macrophage activation1
cell population proliferation1
regulation of cell population proliferation1
negative regulation of cellular process1
toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway1
regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway1
positive regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway1
defense response to symbiont1
positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus1
regulation of innate immune response1
positive regulation of immune response1
inflammatory response1
regulation of inflammatory response1
negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction1
positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction1
biological_process1
regulation of response to biotic stimulus1
regulation of defense response1
regulation of response to external stimulus1
regulation of immune response1
protein binding1
binding1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
intracellular membraneless organelle1
intracellular anatomical structure1
cytoplasm1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2763 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
IFI35IFITM3Q01628721
IFI35RND2P52198716
IFI35IRF1P10914678
IFI35STAT2P52630675
IFI35IFIT3O14879673
IFI35IFIT1P09914670
IFI35NBR1Q14596669
IFI35PSMB8P28062668
IFI35IFI44Q8TCB0664
IFI35IFITM1P13164661
IFI35IFI6P09912655
IFI35OAS1P00973621
IFI35ISG15P05161619
IFI35IFI27P40305619
IFI35CREB3O43889614

IntAct

15 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
CLEC4GIFI35psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.540
IFI35CLEC4Gpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.540
IFI35CLEC4Gpsi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)0.540
PHF19EPOPpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
FCN1IFI35psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
IFI35KDM1Apsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
IFI35TFAP2Apsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
NMITARS3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
IFI35CYTH3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
IFI35MAPK1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
IFI35PLEKHO1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
CLEC4GIFI35psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000

BioGRID (51): IFI35 (Affinity Capture-MS), TRIM21 (Affinity Capture-MS), TRIM21 (Affinity Capture-Western), NMI (Affinity Capture-Western), IFI35 (Affinity Capture-Western), NMI (Two-hybrid), IFI35 (Affinity Capture-MS), IFI35 (Affinity Capture-Western), IFI35 (Two-hybrid), FHL2 (Two-hybrid), BCAS2 (Two-hybrid), NMI (Two-hybrid), EML2 (Two-hybrid), IFI35 (Two-hybrid), IFI35 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1B0GUJ8, A0JPF9, A5A6J9, A6H5X4, B1ARD8, E1C3S7, F6QZ15, G1SRW8, O14862, O14879, O35309, O95256, P0C7P3, P80217, Q13287, Q14B46, Q1LZ50, Q2EMV9, Q2T9U5, Q3B7D9, Q3ZCL3, Q460N5, Q4R7Q1, Q5I0E2, Q5I0J8, Q5RCZ8, Q5XGX5, Q5XIZ9, Q6IEE8, Q6NVF4, Q6ZSC3, Q80VH0, Q8BVM9, Q8C8H8, Q8CAS9, Q8IXQ6, Q8IYM2, Q91VJ1, Q99J64, Q99MV5

Diamond homologs: O35309, P80217, Q13287, Q3ZCL3, Q9D8C4

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

61 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance47
Likely benign4
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

953 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
17:43012176:CAGGC:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
17:43012177:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43012177:AG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43012178:G:GAacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43012178:GG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43012178:GGC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43012178:GGCC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43012274:CAAG:Cdonor_loss1.0000
17:43012275:AAG:Adonor_loss1.0000
17:43012278:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
17:43012278:GT:Gdonor_loss1.0000
17:43012279:T:Gdonor_loss1.0000
17:43013192:AAGGT:Adonor_loss1.0000
17:43013193:AGGT:Adonor_loss1.0000
17:43013194:GGTA:Gdonor_loss1.0000
17:43013196:T:Gdonor_loss1.0000
17:43013261:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43013262:C:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43013265:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43013265:AGT:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43013265:AGTG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43013266:G:GAacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43013266:GT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43013266:GTG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43013266:GTGG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43013266:GTGGC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43013267:T:TAacceptor_gain1.0000
17:43013590:A:Tdonor_gain1.0000
17:43013594:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
17:43013608:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

1838 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
17:43013647:T:CF183L0.993
17:43013649:T:AF183L0.993
17:43013649:T:GF183L0.993
17:43013648:T:CF183S0.988
17:43014202:T:CF255S0.988
17:43013648:T:GF183C0.982
17:43014201:T:CF255L0.982
17:43014203:C:AF255L0.982
17:43014203:C:GF255L0.982
17:43013179:T:CF85L0.977
17:43013181:T:AF85L0.977
17:43013181:T:GF85L0.977
17:43013510:T:AV137D0.972
17:43013572:T:CF158L0.970
17:43013574:C:AF158L0.970
17:43013574:C:GF158L0.970
17:43013805:T:CF198L0.969
17:43013807:C:AF198L0.969
17:43013807:C:GF198L0.969
17:43014279:T:CF281L0.967
17:43014281:C:AF281L0.967
17:43014281:C:GF281L0.967
17:43013575:T:CF159L0.966
17:43013577:T:AF159L0.966
17:43013577:T:GF159L0.966
17:43013080:T:CF52L0.962
17:43013082:C:AF52L0.962
17:43013082:C:GF52L0.962
17:43014280:T:CF281S0.956
17:43014206:G:CQ256H0.955

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000057655 (17:43014740 T>A), RS1000529574 (17:43014481 T>C), RS1000581878 (17:43014940 T>C), RS1001071099 (17:43009558 T>C,G), RS1001216878 (17:43005936 C>T), RS1001335123 (17:43009274 C>T), RS1001514036 (17:43008583 G>A), RS1001697524 (17:43005247 C>T), RS1001732294 (17:43012302 T>C), RS1001994736 (17:43012067 C>A,T), RS1002014565 (17:43005107 TAAC>T), RS1002469298 (17:43010810 C>A,T), RS1002597752 (17:43013494 G>C), RS1002700524 (17:43006734 C>A,T), RS1003279466 (17:43006692 C>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:600735 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST005194_158Coronary artery disease6.000000e-07

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

61 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Cyclosporinedecreases expression, increases expression4
Cisplatinaffects cotreatment, increases expression, affects reaction, decreases expression, decreases reaction2
Estradiolaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression2
Nickeldecreases expression, increases expression2
Tretinoinincreases expression2
aristolochic acid Idecreases expression1
GSK-J4decreases expression1
sotorasibaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA)decreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
bisphenol Aincreases expression1
glycidyl methacrylatedecreases expression1
sodium arseniteincreases expression1
perfluorooctanoic aciddecreases expression1
tamibaroteneincreases expression1
K 7174decreases expression1
erastindecreases reaction, affects reaction, decreases expression1
tofacitinibdecreases expression1
nutlin 3increases expression, affects cotreatment1
ICG 001increases expression1
N4-(2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-4H-pyrid(1,4)oxazin-6-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediaminedecreases expression1
jinfukangaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
trametinibaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
(+)-JQ1 compounddecreases expression1
NVP-BKM120affects cotreatment, increases expression1
4-(4-((5-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acidincreases expression1
Resveratrolaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression1
Temozolomideincreases expression1
Air Pollutantsdecreases expression1
Air Pollutants, Occupationaldecreases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

4 cell lines: 4 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_B2N9Abcam A-549 IFI35 KOCancer cell lineMale
CVCL_E1D0Ubigene THP-1 IFI35 KOCancer cell lineMale
CVCL_SS13HAP1 IFI35 (-) 1Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_SS14HAP1 IFI35 (-) 2Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.