IFI44L

gene
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Also known as GS3686TLDC5B

Summary

IFI44L (interferon induced protein 44 like, HGNC:17817) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1p31.1, encoding Interferon-induced protein 44-like (Q53G44). Type I interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) that plays a critical role in antiviral and antibacterial activity.

Predicted to be involved in immune response. Predicted to act upstream of or within cellular response to virus. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm.

Source: NCBI Gene 10964 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 8
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 93 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_006820

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:17817
Approved symbolIFI44L
Nameinterferon induced protein 44 like
Location1p31.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesGS3686, TLDC5B
Ensembl geneENSG00000137959
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM613975
Entrez10964

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 26 — 17 protein_coding, 6 retained_intron, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000370751, ENST00000450498, ENST00000452835, ENST00000459784, ENST00000462041, ENST00000474002, ENST00000476521, ENST00000476876, ENST00000486882, ENST00000494910, ENST00000679651, ENST00000679848, ENST00000679998, ENST00000680110, ENST00000680295, ENST00000680621, ENST00000681501, ENST00000681613, ENST00000869071, ENST00000869072, ENST00000869073, ENST00000869074, ENST00000971551, ENST00000971552, ENST00000971553, ENST00000971554

RefSeq mRNA: 6 — MANE Select: NM_006820 NM_001375646, NM_001375647, NM_001375648, NM_001375649, NM_001375650, NM_006820

CCDS: CCDS687, CCDS90985

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000370751 — 9 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000009320157862790678628393
ENSE000014535577862044878620571
ENSE000034679007864143578641609
ENSE000034786927862895178628999
ENSE000035295067863533778635489
ENSE000036283977862972078629915
ENSE000036458907864177578646145
ENSE000036515497864102178641121
ENSE000036626657863703278637203

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 265 present calls, max score 94.94.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 22.9343 / max 2025.9813, expressed in 1146 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
367022.26481140
36750.196383
36710.144158
36730.142354
36720.095137
36800.091647

Top tissues by expression

290 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
monocyteCL:000057694.94gold quality
calcaneal tendonUBERON:000370194.81gold quality
trigeminal ganglionUBERON:000167594.69gold quality
mononuclear cellCL:000084294.48gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073894.17gold quality
pericardiumUBERON:000240793.82gold quality
gall bladderUBERON:000211091.84gold quality
dorsal root ganglionUBERON:000004490.32gold quality
palpebral conjunctivaUBERON:000181289.40gold quality
penisUBERON:000098988.60gold quality
deciduaUBERON:000245087.25gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009486.26gold quality
tendonUBERON:000004385.80gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cordUBERON:000646984.44gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119984.38gold quality
corpus callosumUBERON:000233684.35gold quality
spinal cordUBERON:000224084.16gold quality
synovial jointUBERON:000221783.92gold quality
colonic epitheliumUBERON:000039783.91gold quality
lymph nodeUBERON:000002983.83gold quality
apex of heartUBERON:000209883.79gold quality
spleenUBERON:000210683.46gold quality
vermiform appendixUBERON:000115483.06gold quality
right coronary arteryUBERON:000162582.50gold quality
smooth muscle tissueUBERON:000113582.22gold quality
lateral globus pallidusUBERON:000247681.74gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinusUBERON:000503081.73gold quality
parietal pleuraUBERON:000240081.58gold quality
middle frontal gyrusUBERON:000270281.07gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissueUBERON:000219081.05gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 15 experiment(s), a significant marker in 12.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-MTAB-11011yes1229.07
E-GEOD-76312yes1106.49
E-MTAB-7037yes1091.52
E-GEOD-93593yes728.67
E-GEOD-75140yes635.96
E-MTAB-8559yes577.51
E-GEOD-149689yes506.54
E-CURD-95yes337.84
E-ANND-3yes14.27
E-HCAD-13yes12.27
E-MTAB-6701yes9.26
E-GEOD-137537yes6.18
E-MTAB-6379no3279.69
E-MTAB-7052no902.23
E-CURD-53no639.35

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

174 targeting IFI44L, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4747-5P100.0067.902681
HSA-MIR-5196-5P100.0067.982761
HSA-MIR-3613-3P100.0076.367965
HSA-MIR-3646100.0073.565283
HSA-MIR-4533100.0069.482758
HSA-MIR-4481100.0066.421669
HSA-MIR-6873-3P100.0071.422626
HSA-MIR-6833-3P100.0070.633197
HSA-MIR-1277-5P100.0073.955056
HSA-MIR-4668-3P100.0068.742635
HSA-MIR-4768-5P100.0069.492861
HSA-MIR-5193100.0067.261744
HSA-MIR-7110-3P100.0073.182486
HSA-MIR-450099.9972.722367
HSA-MIR-366299.9973.825684
HSA-MIR-318599.9968.121959
HSA-MIR-453199.9969.703181
HSA-MIR-196A-1-3P99.9972.152772
HSA-MIR-548C-3P99.9974.017587
HSA-MIR-428299.9975.366408
HSA-MIR-6759-5P99.9966.54785
HSA-MIR-19A-3P99.9875.332762
HSA-MIR-19B-3P99.9875.442754
HSA-MIR-806899.9873.852376
HSA-LET-7A-5P99.9872.291790
HSA-LET-7B-5P99.9872.311790
HSA-LET-7C-5P99.9872.291790
HSA-LET-7E-5P99.9872.291790
HSA-LET-7F-5P99.9872.561784
HSA-LET-7G-5P99.9872.371784

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 20)

  • LMKB is the first protein identified to date that interacts with this portion of Ge-1. LMKB was expressed in human B and T lymphocyte cell lines; depletion of LMKB increased expression of IFI44L. (PMID:24755989)
  • study reveals common CD46 and IFI44L SNPs associated with measles-specific humoral immunity, and highlights the importance of alternative splicing/virus cellular receptor isoform usage as a mechanism explaining inter-individual variation in immune response after live measles vaccine (PMID:28289848)
  • Study demonstrated for the first time that IFI44L is a novel tumor suppressor to affect cancer stemness, metastasis, and drug resistance via regulating Met/Src signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma and can be serve as an important prognostic marker. (PMID:29848298)
  • miR-628-5p promotes growth and migration of osteosarcoma by targeting IFI44L. (PMID:31018104)
  • A qPCR expression assay of IFI44L gene differentiates viral from bacterial infections in febrile children. (PMID:31409879)
  • Associations Between IFI44L Gene Variants and Rates of Respiratory Tract Infections During Early Childhood. (PMID:32561935)
  • Interferon-Induced Protein 44 and Interferon-Induced Protein 44-Like Restrict Replication of Respiratory Syncytial Virus. (PMID:32611756)
  • IFI44L expression is regulated by IRF-1 and HIV-1. (PMID:33159419)
  • Targeted Profiling of Immunological Genes during Norovirus Replication in Human Intestinal Enteroids. (PMID:33494515)
  • Integrated weighted gene co-expression network analysis uncovers STAT1(signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) and IFI44L (interferon-induced protein 44-like) as key genes in pulmonary arterial hypertension. (PMID:34516357)
  • IFI44L as a Forward Regulator Enhancing Host Antituberculosis Responses. (PMID:34722780)
  • Identified Three Interferon Induced Proteins as Novel Biomarkers of Human Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. (PMID:34884921)
  • The prognostic and clinical significance of IFI44L aberrant downregulation in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. (PMID:34903206)
  • Differentially methylation of IFI44L gene promoter in Iranian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. (PMID:35059970)
  • Identification of IFI44L as a new candidate molecular marker for systemic lupus erythematosus. (PMID:35349411)
  • Epigenetic Regulation of IFI44L Expression in Monocytes Affects the Functions of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. (PMID:35592687)
  • IFI44L as a novel epigenetic silencing tumor suppressor promotes apoptosis through JAK/STAT1 pathway during lung carcinogenesis. (PMID:36584854)
  • Reciprocal expression of the immune response genes CXCR3 and IFI44L as module hubs are associated with patient survivals in primary central nervous system lymphoma. (PMID:36607476)
  • Novel polymorphism of IFI44L associated with the susceptibility and clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus in a Chinese population. (PMID:36893516)
  • ACSL4 upregulates IFI44 and IFI44L expression and promotes the proliferation and invasiveness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. (PMID:38989827)

Cross-species orthologs

23 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriosi:ch211-197g15.9ENSDARG00000002293
danio_reriosi:ch211-197g15.5ENSDARG00000009673
danio_rerioENSDARG00000010729
danio_rerioifi44bENSDARG00000015678
danio_rerioifi44a1ENSDARG00000029720
danio_rerioifi44eENSDARG00000056501
danio_rerioifi44c2ENSDARG00000060322
danio_rerioifi44f4ENSDARG00000071355
danio_rerioifi44f1ENSDARG00000071361
danio_rerioifi44a3ENSDARG00000075791
danio_rerioENSDARG00000089661
danio_rerioifi44a5ENSDARG00000092361
ENSDARG00000092634
danio_rerioifi44c1ENSDARG00000092883
danio_rerioifi44a8ENSDARG00000093857
danio_rerioifi44f5ENSDARG00000094747
danio_rerioifi44f3ENSDARG00000094984
danio_rerioifi44a7ENSDARG00000095309
danio_rerioifi44a6ENSDARG00000095673
danio_rerioENSDARG00000107486
ENSDARG00000111120
mus_musculusIfi44lENSMUSG00000039146
rattus_norvegicusIfi44lENSRNOG00000049994

Paralogs (1): IFI44 (ENSG00000137965)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Interferon-induced protein 44-likeQ53G44 (reviewed: Q53G44)

All UniProt accessions (6): Q53G44, A0A7P0T9R5, A0A7P0Z4K2, B4E019, C9JPJ0, H7C1K6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Type I interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) that plays a critical role in antiviral and antibacterial activity. During bacterial infection, promotes macrophage differentiation and facilitates inflammatory cytokine secretion. Plays a role in the control of respiratory syncytial virus/RSV infection, reducing the ability of the virus to replicate. Exhibits a low antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus. Also acts as a feedback regulator of IFN responses by negatively regulating IKBKB and IKBKE kinase activities through interaction with FKBP5.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with FKBP5; this interaction modulates IKBKB and IKBKE kinase activities.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Induction. By type I interferons. By M.tuberculosis infection.

Similarity. Belongs to the IFI44 family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q53G44-11yes
Q53G44-22

RefSeq proteins (6): NP_001362575, NP_001362576, NP_001362577, NP_001362578, NP_001362579, NP_006811* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR006571TLDc_domDomain
IPR027417P-loop_NTPaseHomologous_superfamily

UniProt features (13 total): sequence variant 7, sequence conflict 2, splice variant 2, chain 1, domain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q53G44-F186.220.48

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-9909505Modulation of host responses by IFN-stimulated genes

MSigDB gene sets: 328 (showing top): VERHAAK_AML_WITH_NPM1_MUTATED_DN, LEE_SP4_THYMOCYTE, TONKS_TARGETS_OF_RUNX1_RUNX1T1_FUSION_MONOCYTE_UP, WALLACE_PROSTATE_CANCER_RACE_UP, REACTOME_CYTOKINE_SIGNALING_IN_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOZGIT_ESR1_TARGETS_DN, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_12HR_UP, BENNETT_SYSTEMIC_LUPUS_ERYTHEMATOSUS, MISSIAGLIA_REGULATED_BY_METHYLATION_UP, MODULE_171, TAKEDA_TARGETS_OF_NUP98_HOXA9_FUSION_10D_UP, RADAEVA_RESPONSE_TO_IFNA1_UP, DEBIASI_APOPTOSIS_BY_REOVIRUS_INFECTION_UP, GOBP_DEFENSE_RESPONSE_TO_VIRUS, DODD_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_UP

GO Biological Process (2): immune response (GO:0006955), defense response to virus (GO:0051607)

GO Molecular Function (0):

GO Cellular Component (2): cytosol (GO:0005829), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Interferon Signaling1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure2
immune system process1
response to stimulus1
defense response1
response to virus1
cytoplasm1
intracellular anatomical structure1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1536 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
IFI44LRSAD2Q8WXG1909
IFI44LIFI27P40305894
IFI44LIFIT3O14879888
IFI44LIFIT1P09914852
IFI44LIFI6P09912848
IFI44LMX1P20591841
IFI44LISG15P05161840
IFI44LOAS1P00973806
IFI44LOASLQ15646800
IFI44LIFITM3Q01628757
IFI44LSIGLEC1Q9BZZ2728
IFI44LXAF1Q6GPH4726
IFI44LPARP9Q8IXQ6723
IFI44LLY6EQ16553710
IFI44LIFI44Q8TCB0702

IntAct

3 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
IFNA21IFIT3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530

BioGRID (15): IFI44L (Affinity Capture-MS), IFI44L (Affinity Capture-MS), BAG5 (Affinity Capture-MS), CALML5 (Affinity Capture-MS), IGKC (Affinity Capture-MS), LDHA (Affinity Capture-MS), LHX2 (Affinity Capture-MS), LYZ (Affinity Capture-MS), MDH1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PSMA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), RAB3GAP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), IFI44L (Affinity Capture-MS), RALA (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), RPL18 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), RPL21 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS))

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A140LIF8, A0A2P1BRP3, A0A386CAB9, A0JN92, A1A4Y4, O14791, P27473, P59045, P86448, P86449, Q0GUM3, Q13075, Q3B7D9, Q3T9E4, Q3TL54, Q53G44, Q5NCI0, Q5RFJ8, Q60766, Q62293, Q66X01, Q66X03, Q66X05, Q66X22, Q6AYC2, Q6ZSC3, Q7Z745, Q84WJ0, Q86W28, Q8BV66, Q8BVM9, Q8C6J9, Q8CBA2, Q8CCN1, Q8TCB0, Q8TCY9, Q8TD90, Q90597, Q99388, Q99J64

Diamond homologs: P27473, Q53G44, Q8BV66, Q8TCB0, Q9BDB7

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

93 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance66
Likely benign7
Benign3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1407 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
1:78620568:ACAGG:Adonor_loss1.0000
1:78620569:CAGGT:Cdonor_loss1.0000
1:78620570:AGGTA:Adonor_loss1.0000
1:78620571:GGTAA:Gdonor_loss1.0000
1:78620572:G:Cdonor_loss1.0000
1:78628058:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
1:78628058:G:Tdonor_gain1.0000
1:78628996:GAGA:Gdonor_gain1.0000
1:78628998:GA:Gdonor_gain1.0000
1:78629000:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
1:78635335:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
1:78635336:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
1:78637031:GTTTA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
1:78620573:T:Gdonor_loss0.9900
1:78620876:T:TAacceptor_gain0.9900
1:78620892:T:Aacceptor_gain0.9900
1:78635336:GTATA:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
1:78635468:T:TAdonor_gain0.9900
1:78635485:ATCAG:Adonor_loss0.9900
1:78635486:TCAG:Tdonor_loss0.9900
1:78635487:CAG:Cdonor_loss0.9900
1:78635488:AG:Adonor_loss0.9900
1:78635489:GGT:Gdonor_loss0.9900
1:78635490:G:GTdonor_loss0.9900
1:78635491:T:TCdonor_loss0.9900
1:78637030:A:AGacceptor_gain0.9900
1:78637031:G:GGacceptor_gain0.9900
1:78641092:A:Gdonor_gain0.9900
1:78641603:G:GTdonor_gain0.9900
1:78641604:A:Tdonor_gain0.9900

AlphaMissense

3012 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
1:78628381:T:CF156L0.960
1:78628383:T:AF156L0.960
1:78628383:T:GF156L0.960
1:78629821:A:CK210T0.933
1:78629853:T:CF221L0.930
1:78629855:T:AF221L0.930
1:78629855:T:GF221L0.930
1:78629826:A:CS212R0.927
1:78629828:T:AS212R0.927
1:78629828:T:GS212R0.927
1:78629821:A:TK210M0.916
1:78629838:T:CS216P0.914
1:78628002:G:CK29N0.913
1:78628002:G:TK29N0.913
1:78628385:G:CR157P0.912
1:78629822:G:CK210N0.910
1:78629822:G:TK210N0.910
1:78628377:A:CE154D0.908
1:78628377:A:TE154D0.908
1:78628382:T:CF156S0.903
1:78629842:T:AV217D0.901
1:78629847:T:CS219P0.901
1:78641528:G:CD415H0.901
1:78629829:T:CF213L0.890
1:78629831:T:AF213L0.890
1:78629831:T:GF213L0.890
1:78641494:T:AN403K0.890
1:78641494:T:GN403K0.890
1:78628045:T:CC44R0.879
1:78628067:T:AI51K0.879

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000018323 (1:78623571 G>A,C), RS1000232270 (1:78633904 A>C,G), RS1000407360 (1:78622319 C>T), RS1000476201 (1:78639857 TGCC>T), RS1000484208 (1:78623368 C>T), RS1000529006 (1:78619136 A>T), RS1000836554 (1:78642090 A>C,T), RS1000926388 (1:78644619 G>T), RS1001043317 (1:78638802 A>G,T), RS1001048343 (1:78636149 C>T), RS1001096040 (1:78632383 G>C), RS1001115639 (1:78642294 A>C,G), RS1001234829 (1:78632633 A>T), RS1001376065 (1:78621188 T>C), RS1001408597 (1:78620816 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:613975 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

8 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST001877_50Autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia (combined)1.000000e-06
GCST002295_4Schizophrenia or bipolar disorder8.000000e-09
GCST002672_5Febrile seizures1.000000e-09
GCST002674_1Febrile seizures (MMR vaccine-related)6.000000e-12
GCST004269_1Immune response to measles vaccine (measles-specific neutralising antibody titre)1.000000e-10
GCST004269_5Immune response to measles vaccine (measles-specific neutralising antibody titre)2.000000e-08
GCST006284_18Plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 levels in stable coronary artery disease6.000000e-07
GCST008660_1Lung function in never smokers (high FEV1 vs average FEV1)3.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0006519MMR-related febrile seizures
EFO:0004645response to vaccine
EFO:0006899PCSK9 protein measurement
EFO:0004314forced expiratory volume

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

84 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Estradiolaffects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression5
sodium arseniteaffects expression, decreases expression, increases expression4
(+)-JQ1 compounddecreases expression, increases expression3
Air Pollutantsincreases abundance, decreases expression3
Benzo(a)pyrenedecreases expression, decreases methylation, increases expression, increases methylation3
Cadmium Chloridedecreases expression, increases abundance3
monomethylarsonous aciddecreases expression2
Nickelincreases expression2
Tobacco Smoke Pollutionaffects expression, decreases expression2
Valproic Acidaffects cotreatment, increases expression2
Particulate Matterdecreases expression, decreases reaction, increases abundance2
aristolochic acid Idecreases expression1
testosterone enanthateaffects expression1
bisphenol Adecreases expression1
cinnamaldehydedecreases expression1
butyraldehydedecreases expression1
nickel chlorideincreases expression1
3,4,5,3’,4’-pentachlorobiphenyldecreases expression1
chloroquine diphosphatedecreases expression1
2,3-bis(3’-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactoneaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
cupric chloridedecreases expression1
hydroquinonedecreases expression1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteineincreases expression, decreases reaction1
diallyl trisulfidedecreases expression1
monomethylpropionaffects expression1
gadodiamideincreases expression1
azoxystrobinincreases expression1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
deguelinincreases expression1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, increases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

3 cell lines: 3 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_B1FSAbcam A-549 IFI44L KO 1Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_B2NBAbcam A-549 IFI44L KO 2Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_XP72HAP1 IFI44L (-)Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.