IFNA10

Summary

IFNA10 (interferon alpha 10, HGNC:5418) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 9p21.3, encoding Interferon alpha-10 (P01566). Produced by macrophages, IFN-alpha have antiviral activities.

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the type I interferon family of proteins, and is located in a cluster of alpha interferon genes on chromosome 9. Interferons are small regulatory molecules that function in cell signaling in response to viruses and other pathogens or tumor cells. This gene is intronless and the encoded protein is secreted.

Source: NCBI Gene 3446 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 56 total
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_002171

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:5418
Approved symbol	IFNA10
Name	interferon alpha 10
Location	9p21.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	IFN-alphaC
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000186803
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	147577
Entrez	3446

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000357374

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_002171 NM_002171

CCDS: CCDS6499

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000357374 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001419472	21206181	21207143

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth not_expressed, 0 present calls, max score 37.20.

Top tissues by expression

122 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	37.20	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	36.48	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	36.47	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	36.16	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	35.57	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	35.49	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	33.38	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	32.15	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	31.74	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	31.06	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	29.87	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	28.98	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	28.14	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	27.57	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	27.05	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	26.99	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	26.91	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	26.66	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	26.57	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	26.50	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	26.42	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	26.20	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	25.98	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	25.89	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	25.81	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	25.74	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	25.03	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	24.79	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	24.61	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	24.54	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.99

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): IRF5, IRF7

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

16 targeting IFNA10, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-651-3P	99.94	73.48	5177
HSA-MIR-12124	99.68	69.17	2700
HSA-MIR-203A-3P	99.49	70.56	2806
HSA-MIR-4317	98.49	67.09	987
HSA-MIR-6776-3P	98.38	66.34	655
HSA-MIR-595	98.25	67.44	699
HSA-MIR-93-3P	98.15	66.65	1309
HSA-MIR-4659B-5P	98.03	66.84	979
HSA-MIR-4659A-5P	98.03	66.42	819
HSA-MIR-924	97.78	66.21	681
HSA-MIR-6894-3P	96.73	65.64	798

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• We did not reproduce the associations previously noted with the TNF, IFNA10, IFNA17, and IFNG genes with pulmonary sarcoidosis. (PMID:20722470)
• IFN-alpha8 and -alpha10 most potently enhanced expression of IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4. (PMID:24030809)
• Heterozygous IFNA10 variants is a cause of impaired function and CD-susceptibility genes in Chinese individuals from multiple center based study. (PMID:26000985)
• Alpha interferon suppresses the cyclin D3 and cdc25A genes, leading to a reversible G0-like arrest. (PMID:8668211)

Cross-species orthologs

34 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	ifnphi2	ENSDARG00000069012
danio_rerio	ifnphi3	ENSDARG00000070676
mus_musculus	Ifna13	ENSMUSG00000063376
mus_musculus	Ifna4	ENSMUSG00000070904
mus_musculus	Ifna12	ENSMUSG00000073811
mus_musculus	Ifna2	ENSMUSG00000078354
mus_musculus	Ifna16	ENSMUSG00000078355
mus_musculus	Ifna9	ENSMUSG00000095270
mus_musculus	Ifna1	ENSMUSG00000095498
mus_musculus	Ifna14	ENSMUSG00000095896
mus_musculus	Ifna15	ENSMUSG00000096011
mus_musculus	Ifna5	ENSMUSG00000096682
mus_musculus	Ifnab	ENSMUSG00000100079
mus_musculus	Ifna11	ENSMUSG00000100549
mus_musculus	Ifna7	ENSMUSG00000100713
mus_musculus	Ifna6	ENSMUSG00000101252
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000071845
rattus_norvegicus	Ifna12l	ENSRNOG00000072681
rattus_norvegicus	Ifna16l1	ENSRNOG00000074841
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000075722
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000076372
rattus_norvegicus	Ifna4	ENSRNOG00000077072
rattus_norvegicus	Ifna2	ENSRNOG00000078310
rattus_norvegicus	Ifna5	ENSRNOG00000079725
rattus_norvegicus	Ifna1l1	ENSRNOG00000079800
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000079804
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000081823
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000082441
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000082845
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000083047
rattus_norvegicus	Ifna1	ENSRNOG00000084770
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000085373
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000085882
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000086565

Paralogs (16): IFNA6 (ENSG00000120235), IFNA8 (ENSG00000120242), IFNA21 (ENSG00000137080), IFNA5 (ENSG00000147873), IFNA16 (ENSG00000147885), IFNK (ENSG00000147896), IFNB1 (ENSG00000171855), IFNW1 (ENSG00000177047), IFNE (ENSG00000184995), IFNA2 (ENSG00000188379), IFNA1 (ENSG00000197919), IFNA7 (ENSG00000214042), IFNA14 (ENSG00000228083), IFNA13 (ENSG00000233816), IFNA17 (ENSG00000234829), IFNA4 (ENSG00000236637)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Interferon alpha-10 — P01566 (reviewed: P01566)

Alternative names: Interferon alpha-6L, Interferon alpha-C

All UniProt accessions (2): A0A7R8C2Z1, P01566

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Produced by macrophages, IFN-alpha have antiviral activities. Interferon stimulates the production of two enzymes: a protein kinase and an oligoadenylate synthetase.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Similarity. Belongs to the type-I (or alpha/beta) interferon family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_002162* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000471	Interferon_alpha/beta/delta	Family
IPR009079	4_helix_cytokine-like_core	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00143

UniProt features (5 total): disulfide bond 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P01566-F1	86.46	0.56

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (2): 24–122, 52–162

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

6 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-909733	Interferon alpha/beta signaling
R-HSA-912694	Regulation of IFNA/IFNB signaling
R-HSA-933541	TRAF6 mediated IRF7 activation
R-HSA-9705671	SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses
R-HSA-983231	Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production
R-HSA-9833109	Evasion by RSV of host interferon responses

MSigDB gene sets: 133 (showing top): REACTOME_DDX58_IFIH1_MEDIATED_INDUCTION_OF_INTERFERON_ALPHA_BETA, MORF_ITGA2, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_NITROGEN_COMPOUND, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_VIRUS, REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, REACTOME_CYTOKINE_SIGNALING_IN_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_PEPTIDE, GOBP_B_CELL_ACTIVATION, GOBP_T_CELL_ACTIVATION_INVOLVED_IN_IMMUNE_RESPONSE, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_TYPE_I_INTERFERON, MORF_RAD51L3, KEGG_CYTOSOLIC_DNA_SENSING_PATHWAY, GOBP_CELL_ACTIVATION_INVOLVED_IN_IMMUNE_RESPONSE, KOKKINAKIS_METHIONINE_DEPRIVATION_96HR_UP, GOBP_DEFENSE_RESPONSE_TO_OTHER_ORGANISM

GO Biological Process (11): adaptive immune response (GO:0002250), T cell activation involved in immune response (GO:0002286), B cell activation involved in immune response (GO:0002312), natural killer cell activation involved in immune response (GO:0002323), humoral immune response (GO:0006959), response to exogenous dsRNA (GO:0043330), defense response to virus (GO:0051607), type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0060337), cellular response to virus (GO:0098586), defense response (GO:0006952), signal transduction (GO:0007165)

GO Molecular Function (3): cytokine activity (GO:0005125), type I interferon receptor binding (GO:0005132), cytokine receptor binding (GO:0005126)

GO Cellular Component (2): extracellular region (GO:0005576), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-6 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Interferon Signaling	1
Interferon alpha/beta signaling	1
DDX58/IFIH1-mediated induction of interferon-alpha/beta	1
SARS-CoV-2-host interactions	1
Hemostasis	1
RSV-host interactions	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
immune response	4
lymphocyte activation involved in immune response	3
response to virus	2
T cell activation	1
B cell activation	1
natural killer cell activation	1
innate immune response	1
response to dsRNA	1
defense response	1
cellular response to type I interferon	1
interferon-mediated signaling pathway	1
response to stress	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
receptor ligand activity	1
cytokine receptor binding	1
protein-containing complex binding	1
signaling receptor binding	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1302 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
IFNA10	IL2	P01585	856
IFNA10	IFNAR1	P17181	829
IFNA10	IFNG	P01579	762
IFNA10	CR2	P20023	668
IFNA10	IFNL3	Q8IZI9	667
IFNA10	IL6	P05231	661
IFNA10	ISG15	P05161	640
IFNA10	TLR3	O15455	627
IFNA10	GPT	P24298	625
IFNA10	ABL1	P00519	624
IFNA10	CD4	P01730	620
IFNA10	TNF	P01375	609
IFNA10	MX1	P20591	607
IFNA10	CD8A	P01732	582
IFNA10	IL1B	P01584	580

IntAct

6 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
IFNA10	ISG15	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RHOH	IFNA10	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
M		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
IFNA10	VGF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (9): ISG15 (Affinity Capture-MS), IFIT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), UBR3 (Affinity Capture-MS), IFIT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), UBR3 (Affinity Capture-MS), IFNA10 (Affinity Capture-MS), ISG15 (Affinity Capture-MS), VGF (Affinity Capture-MS), NMU (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: O46633, P01562, P01563, P01566, P01567, P01568, P01569, P01570, P01571, P01572, P05000, P05002, P05003, P05004, P05005, P05006, P05007, P05008, P05009, P05010, P05013, P05014, P05015, P07348, P07349, P07352, P09235, P15696, P28169, P28171, P28172, P32881, P49876, P49877, P49878, P49879, P56828, P56829, P56830, P56831

Diamond homologs: A7UHZ5, O46633, O77812, O97945, P01562, P01563, P01566, P01567, P01568, P01569, P01570, P01571, P01572, P01573, P01574, P01575, P01576, P01577, P01578, P05000, P05001, P05002, P05003, P05004, P05005, P05006, P05007, P05008, P05009, P05010, P05011, P05012, P05013, P05014, P05015, P06799, P07348, P07349, P07350, P07351

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
IFNA10	“down-regulates activity”	LPL

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

56 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	48
Likely benign	4
Benign	3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

290 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
9:21206996:A:AC	donor_gain	0.7000
9:21206394:CA:C	donor_gain	0.6700
9:21206348:T:C	donor_gain	0.6300
9:21206361:AGTG:A	donor_gain	0.5900
9:21206364:G:A	donor_gain	0.5900
9:21206510:G:A	donor_gain	0.5900
9:21206470:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.5600
9:21206360:TAG:T	donor_gain	0.5500
9:21206734:A:C	donor_gain	0.5500
9:21206907:T:TA	donor_gain	0.5500
9:21206388:T:TA	donor_gain	0.5400
9:21206651:T:TA	donor_gain	0.5400
9:21206721:T:TA	donor_gain	0.5400
9:21206853:T:TG	acceptor_gain	0.5400
9:21206314:A:AC	donor_gain	0.5300
9:21206814:T:TA	donor_gain	0.5200
9:21206963:T:TA	donor_gain	0.5200
9:21207118:TAGGC:T	donor_gain	0.5200
9:21206315:A:C	donor_gain	0.5000
9:21206490:A:AC	donor_gain	0.5000
9:21206536:T:TA	donor_gain	0.5000
9:21206665:T:TA	donor_gain	0.5000
9:21206685:T:TA	donor_gain	0.5000
9:21207122:C:CT	donor_gain	0.5000
9:21207123:T:TT	donor_gain	0.5000
9:21207124:A:AC	donor_gain	0.5000
9:21207125:C:CC	donor_gain	0.5000
9:21206386:CTTCT:C	donor_gain	0.4900
9:21206387:TTCTT:T	donor_gain	0.4900
9:21206388:TCTTT:T	donor_gain	0.4900

AlphaMissense

1244 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
9:21206657:G:C	F147L	0.938
9:21206657:G:T	F147L	0.938
9:21206659:A:G	F147L	0.938
9:21206921:G:C	F59L	0.922
9:21206921:G:T	F59L	0.922
9:21206923:A:G	F59L	0.922
9:21206606:C:A	W164C	0.892
9:21206606:C:G	W164C	0.892
9:21206798:C:A	W100C	0.847
9:21206798:C:G	W100C	0.847
9:21206825:G:C	F91L	0.842
9:21206825:G:T	F91L	0.842
9:21206827:A:G	F91L	0.842
9:21206594:T:A	R168S	0.792
9:21206594:T:G	R168S	0.792
9:21206922:A:C	F59C	0.781
9:21206598:A:T	V167D	0.773
9:21206608:A:G	W164R	0.767
9:21206608:A:T	W164R	0.767
9:21206751:A:G	L116P	0.765
9:21206829:A:G	L90P	0.757
9:21206800:A:G	W100R	0.746
9:21206800:A:T	W100R	0.746
9:21206944:A:G	C52R	0.744
9:21206658:A:G	F147S	0.740
9:21206942:G:C	C52W	0.739
9:21206661:T:G	Y146S	0.729
9:21206613:C:G	C162S	0.727
9:21206614:A:T	C162S	0.727
9:21206612:A:C	C162W	0.723

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1001178387 (9:21208877 A>G), RS1001230701 (9:21209002 AAC>A), RS1001515565 (9:21208831 C>G,T), RS1002849151 (9:21205717 A>G), RS1003522028 (9:21207268 G>A), RS1005256460 (9:21208271 C>T), RS1005302711 (9:21206653 T>C), RS1007199819 (9:21206020 T>C), RS1007860634 (9:21207436 C>G), RS1009481629 (9:21206277 T>A), RS1009937728 (9:21208705 A>T), RS10113875 (9:21207001 C>A,G,T), RS10113876 (9:21207006 C>A,G), RS10113987 (9:21207449 C>G,T), RS10117060 (9:21207032 T>A,C,G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:147577 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): breast ductal adenocarcinoma (MONDO:0005590)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D018270	Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast	C04.557.470.200.025.232.500; C04.557.470.615.132.500; C04.588.180.390; C17.800.090.500.390

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL3856161 (PROTEIN FAMILY)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

8 total (human), top 8 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	increases expression	1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid	increases expression	1
perfluorohexanesulfonic acid	increases expression	1
gardiquimod	increases expression, decreases reaction	1
Selenium	decreases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation	1
Asbestos, Crocidolite	increases expression	1
Protein Kinase Inhibitors	decreases reaction, increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

11 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT03414970	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy After Mastectomy in Preventing Recurrence in Patients With Stage IIa-IIIa Breast Cancer
NCT00461344	PHASE2	TERMINATED	Docetaxel + Doxorubicin as Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Breast Cancer
NCT07499999	PHASE2	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Randomized Double-Blind Phase II Trial of Baby Exemestane Versus Baby Tamoxifen in Post-Menopausal Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer
NCT00637364	PHASE1/PHASE2	SUSPENDED	High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Tumor Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer Pain
NCT02779855	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Talimogene Laherparepvec in Combination With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
NCT01753908	EARLY_PHASE1	COMPLETED	Broccoli Sprout Extract in Treating Patients With Breast Cancer
NCT01796041	EARLY_PHASE1	COMPLETED	Intraoperative Imaging of Breast Cancer With Indocyanine Green
NCT01208974	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Nipple-Areola Complex (NAC) Irradiation After Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy and Reconstruction
NCT01875198	Not specified	TERMINATED	Oncologic Impact of Splenectomy-omitting Radical Pancreatectomy in Well-selected Left-sided Pancreatic Cancer
NCT03543397	Not specified	UNKNOWN	MRI in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS)
NCT03834532	Not specified	COMPLETED	Living Well After Breast Surgery