IL1B

Summary

IL1B (interleukin 1 beta, HGNC:5992) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2q14.1, encoding Interleukin-1 beta (P01584). Potent pro-inflammatory cytokine.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is produced by activated macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX2) by this cytokine in the central nervous system (CNS) is found to contribute to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Similarly, IL-1B has been implicated in human osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Patients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) present elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1B in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid samples. The lung damage induced by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is to a large extent, a result of the inflammatory response promoted by cytokines such as IL-1B. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2.

Source: NCBI Gene 3553 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): hereditary diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma (No Known Disease Relationship, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 5
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 41 total
• Phenotypes (HPO): 3
• Druggable target: yes — 4 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• Transcription factor: yes — 21 downstream targets (CollecTRI)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_000576

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:5992
Approved symbol	IL1B
Name	interleukin 1 beta
Location	2q14.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	IL1F2, IL-1B, IL1-BETA
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000125538
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	147720
Entrez	3553

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 8 — 4 protein_coding, 3 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000263341, ENST00000416750, ENST00000418817, ENST00000432018, ENST00000477398, ENST00000487639, ENST00000491056, ENST00000496280

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_000576 NM_000576

CCDS: CCDS2102

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000263341 — 7 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000856835	112829751	112830573
ENSE00001000625	112836708	112836779
ENSE00003506405	112833374	112833575
ENSE00003508205	112836183	112836244
ENSE00003582426	112832662	112832826
ENSE00003615183	112831292	112831422
ENSE00003647827	112835566	112835617

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 228 present calls, max score 99.48.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 671.8976 / max 92270.6341, expressed in 932 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (15 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
30247	661.2614	929
30227	3.2827	260
30235	2.4374	226
30226	1.6328	207
30232	1.3000	190
30234	0.9422	168
30230	0.4533	126
30236	0.1685	49
30233	0.1108	38
30229	0.1050	43

Top tissues by expression

282 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
periodontal ligament	UBERON:0008266	99.48	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	93.93	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	93.30	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	92.97	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	92.85	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	92.04	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	91.60	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	89.22	gold quality
cartilage tissue	UBERON:0002418	87.85	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	86.65	silver quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	86.14	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	86.05	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	85.12	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	83.86	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	83.69	gold quality
mucosa of urinary bladder	UBERON:0001259	82.46	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	81.80	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	81.51	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	81.50	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	81.02	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	81.01	gold quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	80.81	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	80.51	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	79.99	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	79.38	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	78.47	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	78.35	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	78.29	silver quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	77.94	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	77.92	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 24 experiment(s), a significant marker in 24.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-36	yes	23985.52
E-GEOD-135922	yes	17552.84
E-MTAB-10855	yes	14701.50
E-MTAB-6678	yes	12010.48
E-MTAB-6075	yes	5036.25
E-GEOD-84465	yes	4715.47
E-MTAB-7407	yes	3556.63
E-GEOD-149689	yes	2589.66
E-CURD-55	yes	1113.51
E-MTAB-8559	yes	868.80
E-ENAD-21	yes	822.52
E-CURD-7	yes	700.98
E-CURD-112	yes	175.28
E-HCAD-1	yes	91.66
E-CURD-122	yes	52.56

Regulation

Is transcription factor: yes

Downstream targets (CollecTRI)

21 targets.

Target	Regulation
ADAM15	Activation
CLDN1	Activation
CTSK	Activation
DEPTOR	Activation
DIO1	Repression
ENPP1	Repression
GCH1	Activation
GDF5	Repression
HAS2	Activation
IL6	Activation
ITGA2	Activation
ITGA3	Repression
KRT1	Repression
LGALS9	Activation
MC1R	Activation
MMP3	Activation
SCNN1A	Repression
SELE	Activation
SERPINA3	Activation
VCAM1	Activation
YTHDC2	Activation

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AHR, ANXA1, AP1, APP, ATF3, ATF4, ATF5, BCL6, CEBPB, CEBPD, CEBPG, CREB1, DDIT3, E2F1, EGR1, EHF, ELF3, ESR1, FOS, FOXC1, FOXO1, GLI2, HBP1, HES1, HIF1A, HMGA1, HMGB1, HNF1B, HNF4A, HR, HSF1, HTATIP2, IL6, IRF1, IRF2, IRF4, IRF5, IRF6, IRF8, JUN

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

27 targeting IL1B, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-495-3P	99.96	72.81	4197
HSA-MIR-5688	99.96	73.23	4504
HSA-MIR-205-3P	99.92	69.92	3165
HSA-MIR-7-1-3P	99.91	71.53	4384
HSA-MIR-7-2-3P	99.91	71.40	4394
HSA-MIR-30A-3P	99.87	69.74	2928
HSA-MIR-30D-3P	99.87	69.92	2917
HSA-MIR-30E-3P	99.87	69.68	2942
HSA-MIR-4729	99.69	72.18	4233
HSA-MIR-4743-3P	99.62	68.12	2095
HSA-MIR-4276	99.56	67.66	2514
HSA-MIR-3147	99.52	66.34	388
HSA-MIR-888-5P	99.30	70.15	1855
HSA-MIR-330-5P	98.73	67.63	1788
HSA-MIR-1178-3P	98.57	67.09	890
HSA-MIR-326	98.25	66.44	1565
HSA-MIR-4303	98.01	68.13	2304
HSA-MIR-27B-5P	97.34	66.55	549
HSA-MIR-4313	97.18	63.15	420
HSA-MIR-549A-5P	96.35	68.08	587
HSA-MIR-1291	96.28	65.89	1224
HSA-MIR-6775-3P	95.76	65.91	982
HSA-MIR-7976	95.75	65.67	1186
HSA-MIR-328-3P	92.82	64.37	521
HSA-MIR-6090	91.01	62.65	222

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• The level of IL-1 beta is significantly higher in sera of cicatricial pemphigoid patients with active disease before intravenous immunoglobulin therapy compared to the post-treatment level. (PMID:11448121)
• There were no significant differences in the distributions of the IL-1RN and IL-1B genotypes, allel frequencies or halotypes. (PMID:11686217)
• These studies demonstrate that PEIPC and PECPC isomers are potent activators of endothelial cells increasing synthesis of IL-8 and MCP-1. (PMID:11751881)
• data fall short of showing significant association between a variant of the promoter of interleukin-1beta, polymorphism of angiotensinogen, and the missense variant of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and occurrence of idiopathic recurrent miscarriage (PMID:11756575)
• Repressed transcription of IL-1beta and rapid decay of IL-1beta mRNA in septic shock neutrophils correlated with reductions in levels of IL-1beta after stimulation with LPS (PMID:11770040)
• Interleukin-1 alpha and beta system in testis–quantitative analysis. Expression of immunomodulatory genes in male gonad. (PMID:11774564)
• IL-1 beta increases CD40 ligand-induced cytokine secretion by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC), CD34+-derived DC, and peripheral blood DC independently of T cell-derived cytokines. (PMID:11777965)
• Heat shock factor 1 represses transcription of the IL-1beta gene through physical interaction with the nuclear factor of interleukin 6 (PMID:11801594)
• role in upregulating VEGF in vascular smooth muscle cells via the P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (PMID:11806247)
• Genotype A2A2 of IL-1beta is associated with severe forms of rheumatoid arthritis. The allelic combination A1 IL-1beta/A2 IL-1Ra is less often present in rheumatoid arthritis patients with severe disease. (PMID:11838837)
• Test found no evidence of an association of mutations with hypertension. (PMID:11840488)
• Up-regulation of prostaglandin E2 synthesis by interleukin-1beta in human orbital fibroblasts (PMID:11847219)
• Carriage of IL1beta2 and IL1RN*2 together with non-carriage of TNF2 is associated with increased susceptibility, but not with a prognosis of IgAN. (PMID:11849463)
• differentiated articular chondrocytes are highly responsive to IL-1beta and that p38 MAPK mediates this response by inducing COX-2 gene expression. (PMID:11853544)
• T helper 1-type immunity to trophoblast antigens in women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss is associated with polymorphism of the IL1B promoter region (PMID:11857060)
• In dengue shock syndrome pts, IL-1beta was significantly associated with t-PA (p < 0.03). IL1B is involved in the onset and regulation of hemostasis. (PMID:11858187)
• in semsen of normal/infertile men (PMID:11868623)
• Lidocaine inhibits secretion of IL-8 and IL-1beta and stimulates secretion of IL-1 receptor antagonist by epithelial cells. (PMID:11876744)
• Up-regulation of IL1-beta is crucial for the pathogenesis of myeloma (PMID:11896542)
• Il-1beta genotype carries asthma susceptibility only in men (PMID:11898000)
• role in Candida albicans-induced interferon-gamma production in human whole blood cultures (PMID:11920321)
• process of cervical dilatation during parturition at term is associated with an increased expression of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 mRNA in the lower uterine segment (PMID:11950481)
• Increased frequency of interleukin-1beta (-511) allele 2 in febrile seizures. polymorphism of interleukin-1beta at position -511 (PMID:11955925)
• Interleukin-1beta processing following Shigella flexneri infection of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. (PMID:11981835)
• results suggest that NFkappaB is involved in the IL-1beta-induced COX-2 expression in the mesenchymal cells of human amnion (PMID:12021045)
• secretion from acute myelogenous leukemia blasts was up-regulated by leptin (PMID:12031914)
• TNF-alpha, IL1-beta, and immunoglobulin (GM and KM) gene polymorphisms in sarcoidosis. (PMID:12039524)
• Interleukin 1 beta induces overexpression of mucin genes in cultured tumor cells which is inhibitable by a retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist. (PMID:12042033)
• role in inducing cyclooxygenase-2 and presenilin-1 gene expression potentiated by hypoxia in primary human neural cells (PMID:12050157)
• expressed in human gastric carcinoma with Epstein-Barr virus infection (PMID:12050395)
• Association of an interleukin 1B gene polymorphism with Parkinson’s disease (PMID:12070246)
• Tumors derived from a retroviral vector coding human IL-1BETA gene transduced into Lewis lung carcinoma cells secrete IL-1 beta into the tumor milieu, which promotes tumor growth through hyperneovascularization. (PMID:12077278)
• role in NF-kappa B induction modulated by a novel PAAD-containing protein (PMID:12093792)
• plays a role the pathogenesis of the otitis media with effusion (REVIEW) (PMID:12101072)
• Interleukin 1beta polymorphisms increase risk of hypochlorhydria and atrophic gastritis and reduce risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence in Japan. (PMID:12105837)
• There are associations of spontaneous preterm delivery with the fetal carriage of IL1B+3953*1 and IL1RN*2 alleles in African and Hispanic populations, respectively. (PMID:12114904)
• Association of interleukin-4 and interleukin-1B gene variants with Larsen score progression in rheumatoid arthritis. (PMID:12115161)
• Association of the interleukin-1 gene cluster on chromosome 2q13 with knee osteoarthritis. (PMID:12115182)
• role of p38 map kinase, NF-kappaB, and protein kinase c in IL-1beta mRNA expression by human peripheral blood leukocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils in response to Anaplasma phagocytophila (PMID:12117921)
• Acanthamoeba castellanii by release of ADP and other metabolites lead to human monocytic cell death through apoptosis and stimulate the secretion of IL-1beta (PMID:12117953)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	il1fma	ENSDARG00000089383
danio_rerio	il1b	ENSDARG00000098700
mus_musculus	Il1b	ENSMUSG00000027398
rattus_norvegicus	Il1b	ENSRNOG00000004649

Paralogs (7): IL37 (ENSG00000125571), IL36G (ENSG00000136688), IL1RN (ENSG00000136689), IL36A (ENSG00000136694), IL36RN (ENSG00000136695), IL36B (ENSG00000136696), IL1F10 (ENSG00000136697)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Interleukin-1 beta — P01584 (reviewed: P01584)

Alternative names: Catabolin

All UniProt accessions (4): C9JSC2, C9JVK0, P01584, C9JWV2

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Potent pro-inflammatory cytokine. Initially discovered as the major endogenous pyrogen, induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B-cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. Promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T-helper 1 (Th1) cells. Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with TNF and IL6. Involved in transduction of inflammation downstream of pyroptosis: its mature form is specifically released in the extracellular milieu by passing through the gasdermin-D (GSDMD) pore. Acts as a sensor of S.pyogenes infection in skin: cleaved and activated by pyogenes SpeB protease, leading to an inflammatory response that prevents bacterial growth during invasive skin infection.

Subunit / interactions. Monomer. In its precursor form, weakly interacts with full-length MEFV; the mature cytokine does not interact at all. Interacts with integrins ITGAV:ITGBV and ITGA5:ITGB1; integrin-binding is required for IL1B signaling. Interacts with cargo receptor TMED10; the interaction is direct and is required for the secretion of IL1B mature form. Interacts with HSP90AB1; the interaction facilitates cargo translocation into the ERGIC. Interacts with HSP90B1; the interaction facilitates cargo translocation into the ERGIC.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cytosol. Secreted. Lysosome. Extracellular exosome.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in activated monocytes/macrophages (at protein level).

Post-translational modifications. Activation of the IL1B precursor involves a CASP1-catalyzed proteolytic cleavage. Processing and secretion are temporarily associated. (Microbial infection) Cleavage by S.pyogenes cysteine protease SpeB promotes its activation independently of CASP1.

Activity regulation. (Microbial infection) Cleavage by S.pyogenes cysteine protease SpeB promotes its activation independently of CASP1. SpeB-mediated maturation of IL1B plays a dual role depending on infection site: while IL1B inflammatory response prevents bacterial growth during invasive skin infections, it promotes streptococcal infection of the nasopharynx by disrupting colonization resistance mediated by the microbiota.

Induction. By LPS. Transcription and translation induced by M.tuberculosis and a number of different M.tuberculosis components in macrophages; EsxA is the most potent activator tested (at protein level). In pancreatic islets, release is increased by high glucose treatment. In pancreatic islets and macrophages, release is also increased by endocannabinoid anandamide/AEA.

Miscellaneous. The IL1B production occurs in 2 steps, each being controlled by different stimuli. First, inflammatory signals, such as LPS, stimulate the synthesis and promote the accumulation of cytosolic stores of pro-IL1B (priming). Then additional signals are required for inflammasome assembly, leading to CASP1 activation, pro-IL1B processing and eventually secretion of the active cytokine. IL1B processing and secretion are temporarily associated.

Similarity. Belongs to the IL-1 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_000567* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000975	IL-1_fam	Family
IPR003502	IL-1_propep	Domain
IPR008996	IL1/FGF	Homologous_superfamily
IPR020877	IL-1_CS	Conserved_site

Pfam: PF00340, PF02394

UniProt features (44 total): strand 14, mutagenesis site 12, site 8, sequence conflict 3, helix 2, propeptide 1, chain 1, sequence variant 1, short sequence motif 1, turn 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

64 structures, top 30 by resolution.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
8RYS	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.16
5R8Q	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.23
5R7W	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.27
5R8E	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.35
5R8M	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.39
5R8F	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.41
5R8O	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.42
5R8G	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.43
5R85	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.44
6Y8I	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.46
5R87	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.47
5R8A	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.47
5R8D	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.47
5R8I	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.47
5R8K	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.47
5R88	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.48
5R8N	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.48
4GAI	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.49
5R8B	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.49
5R86	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.5
5R8H	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.5
2NVH	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.53
5R8P	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.53
1L2H	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.54
5R8C	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.54
5R8L	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.56
5R8J	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.62
5R89	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.65
3POK	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.7
8RYK	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.8

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P01584-F1	76.24	0.49

Antibody-complex structures (SAbDab): 8 — 2KH2, 4G6J, 4G6M, 5BVP, 5MVZ, 7CHY, 7CHZ, 7Z4T

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (8): 204 (important for interaction with integrin); 105–106 ((microbial infection) cleavage; s.pyogenes speb); 115–116 ((microbial infection) cleavage; s.pyogenes speb); 120 (involved in receptor binding); 171 (important for interaction with integrin); 179 (important for interaction with integrin); 181 (important for interaction with integrin); 190 (important for interaction with integrin)

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (12):

Position	Phenotype
6–27	promotes release of il1b precursors through the gasdermin-d (gsdmd) ring-shaped pore complex.
27	loss of activation by casp1; when associated with a-116.
87–111	promotes release of il1b precursors through the gasdermin-d (gsdmd) ring-shaped pore complex.
116	loss of activation by casp1; when associated with a-27.
171	suppression of integrin binding; when associated with k-244. markedly reduced activity; when associated with e-190; e-20
179	suppression of integrin binding; when associated with e-181 and k-244. markedly reduced activity; when associated with e
181	suppression of integrin binding; when associated with e-179 and k-244. markedly reduced activity; when associated with e
190	suppression of integrin binding; when associated with k-244. markedly reduced activity; when associated with e-171; e-20
204	suppression of integrin binding; when associated with k-244. markedly reduced activity; when associated with e-171; e-19
221	enhanced integrin binding.
233	no effect on binding to il1r or on il1b activity. markedly reduced activity; when associated with e-171; e-190 and e-204
244	increased affinity for integrin itgav:itgb3. suppression of integrin binding; when associated with e-171; e-190 or e-204

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

9 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-448706	Interleukin-1 processing
R-HSA-5620971	Pyroptosis
R-HSA-5660668	CLEC7A/inflammasome pathway
R-HSA-6783783	Interleukin-10 signaling
R-HSA-6785807	Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling
R-HSA-9020702	Interleukin-1 signaling
R-HSA-9660826	Purinergic signaling in leishmaniasis infection
R-HSA-9960519	CASP4-mediated substrate cleavage
R-HSA-9960525	CASP5-mediated substrate cleavage

MSigDB gene sets: 996 (showing top): GOBP_MYELOID_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD11B_DC_DN, GOBP_PLATELET_DERIVED_GROWTH_FACTOR_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_ENDOTHELIAL_CELL_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ACTIVATION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_MITOTIC_NUCLEAR_DIVISION, MODULE_92, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_NITROGEN_COMPOUND, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORT, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_TRANSPORT, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_GROWTH_FACTOR_STIMULUS, GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_DEVELOPMENT, REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM

GO Biological Process (94): fever generation (GO:0001660), positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity (GO:0002711), apoptotic process (GO:0006915), inflammatory response (GO:0006954), immune response (GO:0006955), signal transduction (GO:0007165), JNK cascade (GO:0007254), cell-cell signaling (GO:0007267), embryo implantation (GO:0007566), positive regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008284), negative regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008285), response to carbohydrate (GO:0009743), vascular endothelial growth factor production (GO:0010573), positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production (GO:0010575), positive regulation of gene expression (GO:0010628), positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0010641), positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (GO:0010718), positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation (GO:0010744), negative regulation of D-glucose transmembrane transport (GO:0010829), smooth muscle adaptation (GO:0014805), cytokine-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0019221), hyaluronan biosynthetic process (GO:0030213), positive regulation of cell migration (GO:0030335), neutrophil chemotaxis (GO:0030593), positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0030949), positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process (GO:0031394), positive regulation of fever generation (GO:0031622), positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion (GO:0032308), response to lipopolysaccharide (GO:0032496), positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production (GO:0032725), positive regulation of type II interferon production (GO:0032729), positive regulation of interleukin-2 production (GO:0032743), positive regulation of interleukin-6 production (GO:0032755), positive regulation of interleukin-8 production (GO:0032757), positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus (GO:0033092), response to ATP (GO:0033198), positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion (GO:0034116), ectopic germ cell programmed cell death (GO:0035234), positive regulation of T cell proliferation (GO:0042102), regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0043122)

GO Molecular Function (6): cytokine activity (GO:0005125), interleukin-1 receptor binding (GO:0005149), integrin binding (GO:0005178), protein domain specific binding (GO:0019904), protein binding (GO:0005515), receptor ligand activity (GO:0048018)

GO Cellular Component (7): extracellular region (GO:0005576), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), lysosome (GO:0005764), cytosol (GO:0005829), secretory granule (GO:0030141), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), vesicle (GO:0031982)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-6 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Interleukin-1 family signaling	2
Signaling by Interleukins	2
Non-canonical inflammasome activation	2
Regulated Necrosis	1
CLEC7A (Dectin-1) signaling	1
Cell recruitment (pro-inflammatory response)	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
cell communication	2
signaling	2
cell population proliferation	2
regulation of cell population proliferation	2
positive regulation of cell differentiation	2
signaling receptor binding	2
acute-phase response	1
heat generation	1
T cell mediated immunity	1
positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity	1
regulation of T cell mediated immunity	1
positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains	1
programmed cell death	1
apoptotic signaling pathway	1
execution phase of apoptosis	1
defense response	1
immune system process	1
response to stimulus	1
cellular process	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
MAPK cascade	1
multicellular organism development	1
female pregnancy	1
reproductive process	1
positive regulation of cellular process	1
negative regulation of cellular process	1
response to oxygen-containing compound	1
cytokine production	1
positive regulation of cytokine production	1
vascular endothelial growth factor production	1
regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	1
gene expression	1
regulation of gene expression	1
positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
positive regulation of signal transduction	1
regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	1
platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	1
epithelial to mesenchymal transition	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

8488 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
IL1B	IL2	P01585	999
IL1B	IL1R1	P14778	999
IL1B	IFNG	P01579	998
IL1B	IL4	P05112	998
IL1B	IL5	P05113	998
IL1B	MYD88	P78397	998
IL1B	TNFRSF1A	P19438	997
IL1B	IL1RAP	Q9NPH3	997
IL1B	CSF2	P04141	996
IL1B	IL1R2	P27930	996
IL1B	CSF3	P09919	993
IL1B	TNF	P01375	993
IL1B	IL6	P05231	990
IL1B	CASP1	P29466	988
IL1B	TLR4	O00206	984

IntAct

16 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
IL1RAP	IL1B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.760
IL1RAP	IL1B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.760
IL1B	IL1R1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
CASP1	IL1B	psi-mi:“MI:0570”(protein cleavage)	0.440
IL1B	PKM	psi-mi:“MI:0217”(phosphorylation reaction)	0.440
IKBKG	IL1B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
STING1	ZSWIM8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MYC		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ATG16L1		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
A2M	IL1B	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270

BioGRID (60): A2M (Co-localization), IL1B (Affinity Capture-RNA), IL1B (Biochemical Activity), IL1B (Co-localization), IL1B (Biochemical Activity), IL1B (Affinity Capture-RNA), IL1B (Affinity Capture-RNA), IL1B (Affinity Capture-RNA), IL1B (Affinity Capture-RNA), IL1B (Affinity Capture-RNA), IL1B (Affinity Capture-RNA), IL1B (Affinity Capture-RNA), GSDMD (Affinity Capture-Western), CASP8 (Affinity Capture-Western), NEDD4 (Affinity Capture-Western)

ESM2 similar proteins: A4UYK8, O46612, O46613, P01582, P01583, P01584, P04822, P08831, P09428, P10749, P14628, P16598, P18430, P21621, P26889, P41687, P46648, P48089, P48090, P51493, P51745, P79161, P79162, P79182, P79340, Q14D04, Q28292, Q28385, Q28386, Q28579, Q2HZH0, Q2MH07, Q32NG6, Q3HWU1, Q3UIR3, Q63264, Q6PUD2, Q6R2X3, Q6ZUJ8, Q865X7

Diamond homologs: A4UYK8, P01584, P09428, P10749, P14628, P21621, P26889, P41687, P46648, P48090, P51493, P51745, P79162, P79182, Q28292, Q28386, Q2HZH0, Q2MH07, Q63264, Q6PUD2, Q6R2X3, Q865X8, Q8WNR2, Q9D6Z6, Q9WVG1, Q9XS77, Q9YGD3, Q9QYY1, Q9UBH0, O18999, P18510, P25085, P25086, P26890, Q29056, Q866R8, Q9BEH0, Q9NZH8, Q8WWZ1, Q9GMZ4

SIGNOR signaling

39 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
IL1B	“up-regulates activity”	IL1R1	binding
IL1B	“down-regulates activity”	LPL
IL1B	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	GDF5	“transcriptional regulation”
IL1B	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	KRT1	“transcriptional regulation”
IL1B	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	SCNN1A	“transcriptional regulation”
IL1B	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	ENPP1	“transcriptional regulation”
IL1B	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	GCH1	“transcriptional regulation”
“UVB radiation”	up-regulates	IL1B
IL1B	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	MC1R	“transcriptional regulation”
“A9/b1 integrin”	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	IL1B
IL1B	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	ITGA3	“transcriptional regulation”
IL1B	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	ITGA2	“transcriptional regulation”
IRF5	up-regulates	IL1B	“transcriptional regulation”
IL1B	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	SERPINA3	“transcriptional regulation”
NfKb-p65/p50	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	IL1B	“transcriptional regulation”
NfKb-p65/p50	“up-regulates quantity”	IL1B	“transcriptional regulation”
RELA	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	IL1B	“transcriptional regulation”
IL1B	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	IL6	“transcriptional regulation”
IL1B	up-regulates	Immune_response
IL1B	“up-regulates activity”	STAT3
M1_polarization	up-regulates	IL1B
IL1B	down-regulates	IL1R2	binding
IL1B	up-regulates	IL1R1	binding
IL1B	up-regulates	IL1RAP	binding
HIF1A	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	IL1B	“transcriptional regulation”
RELA	“down-regulates activity”	IL1B	“transcriptional regulation”
MFGE8	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	IL1B	“transcriptional regulation”

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

41 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	14
Likely benign	4
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

573 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
2:112830570:CACT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:112830572:CT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:112830580:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:112831288:TTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:112831289:TACCT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:112831290:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
2:112831290:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
2:112831290:ACCT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
2:112831290:ACCTC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
2:112831291:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
2:112831291:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:112831291:CCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:112831291:CCTC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:112831291:CCTCC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:112831397:T:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:112831418:CACCA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:112831419:ACCA:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:112831420:CCA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:112831420:CCAC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:112831421:CA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:112831421:CAC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:112831422:AC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:112831423:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:112831423:CTGAA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:112832657:TTTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:112832658:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:112832659:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:112832660:A:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:112833415:T:A	donor_gain	1.0000
2:112833449:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1816 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
2:112830488:A:G	F228S	0.999
2:112830520:G:C	F217L	0.999
2:112830520:G:T	F217L	0.999
2:112830521:A:G	F217S	0.999
2:112830522:A:G	F217L	0.999
2:112830526:A:C	F215L	0.999
2:112830526:A:T	F215L	0.999
2:112830528:A:G	F215L	0.999
2:112830386:A:G	F262S	0.998
2:112830527:A:G	F215S	0.998
2:112831362:A:G	L176S	0.998
2:112830428:A:T	V248D	0.997
2:112830458:A:T	I238N	0.997
2:112830521:A:C	F217C	0.997
2:112831416:A:G	F158S	0.997
2:112830385:G:C	F262L	0.996
2:112830385:G:T	F262L	0.996
2:112830386:A:C	F262C	0.996
2:112830387:A:G	F262L	0.996
2:112830454:G:C	S239R	0.996
2:112830454:G:T	S239R	0.996
2:112830456:T:G	S239R	0.996
2:112830458:A:C	I238S	0.996
2:112830458:A:G	I238T	0.996
2:112830484:C:A	E229D	0.996
2:112830484:C:G	E229D	0.996
2:112830488:A:C	F228C	0.996
2:112831339:A:C	Y184D	0.996
2:112832703:A:G	L142P	0.996
2:112832745:T:G	D128A	0.996

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000050546 (2:112830098 C>A,T), RS1000769125 (2:112831737 A>G), RS1000920623 (2:112838616 AC>A), RS1001096830 (2:112838305 A>C,G), RS1001547340 (2:112833094 T>A), RS1001657797 (2:112837058 A>T), RS1001997232 (2:112834776 G>T), RS1002063576 (2:112833326 T>C), RS1002282836 (2:112834355 T>C), RS1002440259 (2:112829987 AAAAC>A,AAAACAAAC), RS1002926902 (2:112835382 A>C), RS1003267588 (2:112833836 T>C), RS1003764587 (2:112829531 T>C), RS1004229091 (2:112837713 A>C,G), RS1004295535 (2:112837790 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:147720 | disease phenotypes: MIM:608316

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
hereditary diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma	No Known Disease Relationship	Unknown

Mondo (5): coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 2 (MONDO:0012009), endometriosis (MONDO:0005133), cholangiocarcinoma (MONDO:0019087), antisynthetase syndrome (MONDO:0019344), hereditary diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma (MONDO:0007648)

Orphanet (2): Cholangiocarcinoma (Orphanet:70567), Antisynthetase syndrome (Orphanet:81)

HPO phenotypes

3 total (4 of 3 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0001442	Typified by somatic mosaicism
HP:0012126	Stomach cancer
HP:0410067	Increased level of L-fucose in urine
HP:0030127	Endometriosis

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST005038_21	Allergic disease (asthma, hay fever or eczema)	2.000000e-10
GCST006656_2	Dysmenorrheic pain severity	2.000000e-16
GCST008362_147	Birth weight	3.000000e-08
GCST008751_1	Gestational age at birth (child effect)	4.000000e-14
GCST008752_1	Post-term birth	4.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0007889	dysmenorrheic pain measurement
EFO:0004344	birth weight
EFO:0005112	gestational age
EFO:0006921	birth measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (3)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D018281	Cholangiocarcinoma	C04.557.470.200.025.450
D004715	Endometriosis	C12.050.351.500.163; C12.100.250.163
C537778	Antisynthetase syndrome (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL1909490 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

4 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 21,416 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL43452	POMALIDOMIDE	4	13,354
CHEMBL848	LENALIDOMIDE	4	5,256
CHEMBL3989927	IBERDOMIDE	3	1,300
CHEMBL3989934	AVADOMIDE	2	1,506

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB clinical annotations

15 annotations.

Variant	Type	Level	Drugs	Phenotypes
rs1143623	Toxicity	3	Platinum compounds	Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
rs1143623	Efficacy	3	Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors;ustekinumab	Psoriasis
rs1143627	Toxicity	3	aspirin
rs1143627	Efficacy	3	Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors;ustekinumab	Psoriasis
rs1143634	Toxicity	3	antipsychotics	Schizophrenia
rs1143634	Efficacy	3	infliximab	Crohn Disease
rs1143634	Dosage,Efficacy	3	morphine	Pain;Postoperative
rs12621220	Toxicity	3	Platinum compounds	Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
rs16944	Efficacy	3	Bisphosphonates;clodronate;etidronic acid;risedronate;tiludronate	Osteitis Deformans
rs16944	Efficacy	3	lansoprazole;omeprazole;rabeprazole	Helicobacter Infections
rs16944	Efficacy	3	pravastatin
rs16944	Toxicity	3	antipsychotics	Schizophrenia
rs4848306	Efficacy	3	Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors	Inflammatory Bowel Diseases;Ulcerative Colitis
rs4849127	Toxicity	3	antipsychotics	Schizophrenia

PharmGKB variants

6 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs16944	IL1B	3	3.00	4	Bisphosphonates;clodronate;etidronic acid;risedronate;tiludronate;lansoprazole;omeprazole;rabeprazole;pravastatin;antipsychotics
rs1143623	IL1B	3	3.75	2	Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors;ustekinumab;Platinum compounds
rs1143627	IL1B	3	3.75	2	Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors;ustekinumab;aspirin
rs1143634	IL1B	3	3.00	4	morphine;antipsychotics;infliximab
rs4848306	IL1B	3	3.00	1	Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors
rs4849127	IL1B	3	3.00	1	antipsychotics

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

146 measured of 169 human assays (170 total across all organisms); most potent 50 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value	Patent
4-chloro-N-[(3,3-difluoro-1-hydroxy-5-methylcyclohexyl)methyl]-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	1.4 nM	US-10322143: Inhibitors of ADAMTS4 or ADAMTS5 for use in preventing or treating cardiac remodeling and chronic heart failure
CC-220 (Compound 6)	IC50	28 nM	US-9694015: Methods for the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer
4-chloro-N-[[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-methylcyclohexyl]methyl]-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
1-(2-aminoethyl)-4-chloro-N-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methyl]indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-1-(3,3-difluoropropyl)-N-[[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-methylcyclohexyl]methyl]indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methyl]-1-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[[(1R)-3,3-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclohexyl]methyl]-1-(2-methoxyethyl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(3,3-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl]-1-(2-methoxyethyl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(4,4-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl]-1-(2-methoxyethyl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
N-[[(1S,4R)-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl]methyl]-4-chloro-1-(oxetan-3-yl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
N-[1-(1-adamantyl)ethyl]-4-chloro-1-(oxetan-3-yl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)methyl]-1-(oxetan-3-yl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[[(1S)-3,3-difluorocyclohexyl]methyl]-1-(oxetan-3-yl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-N-(spiro[2.5]octan-7-ylmethyl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
N-[2-[(1S,2S,4S)-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enyl]ethyl]-4-chloro-1-(oxetan-3-yl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(1-hydroxy-3-methylcyclohexyl)methyl]-1-(oxetan-3-yl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[[(1S)-3,3-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclohexyl]methyl]-1-(oxetan-3-yl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(3,3-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl]-1-(oxetan-3-yl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-methylcyclohexyl]methyl]-1-(oxetan-3-yl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[[(1R,3R)-1-hydroxy-3-methylcyclohexyl]methyl]-1-(oxetan-3-yl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methyl]-1-(oxetan-3-yl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[[(1R,3R)-1-hydroxy-3-methylcyclohexyl]methyl]-1-(oxolan-3-yl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methyl]-1-(oxetan-2-ylmethyl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
tert-butyl 3-[4-chloro-3-[(4,4-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methylcarbamoyl]indol-1-yl]azetidine-1-carboxylate	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(3,3-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl]-1-pyrrolidin-3-ylindole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
tert-butyl 3-[4-chloro-3-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methylcarbamoyl]indol-1-yl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
tert-butyl (2S)-2-[[4-chloro-3-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methylcarbamoyl]indol-1-yl]methyl]azetidine-1-carboxylate	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
1-(azetidin-2-ylmethyl)-4-chloro-N-[(3,3-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl]indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
1-(azetidin-3-ylmethyl)-4-chloro-N-[(3,3-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl]indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methyl]-1-[[(5R)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl]methyl]indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[[(1S)-3,3-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclohexyl]methyl]-1-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(4,4-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl]-1-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methyl]-1-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(3,3-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl]-1-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methyl]-1-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(3,3-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl]-1-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-methylcyclohexyl]methyl]-1-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[[3,3-difluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]methyl]-1-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(3,3-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl]-1-(oxolan-3-ylmethyl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(4,4-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl]-1-(oxolan-3-ylmethyl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methyl]-1-(1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methyl]-1-[[(2S)-1-methylazetidin-2-yl]methyl]indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
tert-butyl (2S)-2-[[4-chloro-3-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methylcarbamoyl]indol-1-yl]methyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methyl]-1-[[(2R)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methyl]-1-[[(2R)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methyl]-1-[2-[ethyl(methyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
tert-butyl 3-[[4-chloro-3-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methylcarbamoyl]indol-1-yl]methyl]morpholine-4-carboxylate	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(4,4-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl]-1-(oxan-2-ylmethyl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
4-chloro-N-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methyl]-1-(oxan-2-ylmethyl)indole-3-carboxamide	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases
tert-butyl (2S)-2-[[4-chloro-3-[(4,4-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methylcarbamoyl]indol-1-yl]methyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate	IC50	55 nM	US-10323000: Indole derivatives and their use in neurodegenerative diseases

ChEMBL bioactivities

413 potent at pChembl≥5 of 422 total, top 50 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
9.40	IC50	0.4	nM	CHEMBL5426651
9.40	IC50	0.4	nM	CHEMBL5414596
9.34	IC50	0.46	nM	IBERDOMIDE
9.22	IC50	0.6	nM	CHEMBL5992744
9.15	IC50	0.7	nM	CHEMBL5774519
9.10	IC50	0.8	nM	CHEMBL5433380
9.10	IC50	0.8	nM	CHEMBL5991941
9.10	IC50	0.8	nM	CHEMBL5906571
9.10	IC50	0.8	nM	CHEMBL5797061
9.10	IC50	0.8	nM	CHEMBL5910216
9.07	IC50	0.85	nM	CHEMBL5949264
9.05	IC50	0.9	nM	CHEMBL5881090
9.00	Ki	1	nM	CHEMBL293979
9.00	Ki	1	nM	CHEMBL299288
8.92	IC50	1.2	nM	CHEMBL6036597
8.89	IC50	1.3	nM	CHEMBL5970809
8.89	IC50	1.3	nM	CHEMBL5752218
8.80	IC50	1.6	nM	CHEMBL5808276
8.80	IC50	1.6	nM	CHEMBL5763108
8.74	IC50	1.8	nM	CHEMBL5782617
8.72	IC50	1.9	nM	CHEMBL5928082
8.72	IC50	1.9	nM	CHEMBL5971979
8.64	IC50	2.3	nM	CHEMBL6011033
8.59	IC50	2.6	nM	CHEMBL6029082
8.59	IC50	2.6	nM	CHEMBL5812129
8.52	IC50	3	nM	CHEMBL5852308
8.52	IC50	3	nM	CHEMBL5960754
8.49	IC50	3.2	nM	CHEMBL5761984
8.49	IC50	3.2	nM	CHEMBL5801636
8.48	IC50	3.3	nM	CHEMBL6049792
8.46	IC50	3.5	nM	CHEMBL6015148
8.44	IC50	3.6	nM	CHEMBL5758980
8.33	IC50	4.7	nM	CHEMBL6001622
8.23	IC50	5.9	nM	CHEMBL5782662
8.22	IC50	6	nM	CHEMBL5840970
8.21	IC50	6.2	nM	CHEMBL5922366
8.20	IC50	6.3	nM	CHEMBL5847930
8.18	IC50	6.6	nM	CHEMBL5973713
8.17	IC50	6.8	nM	CHEMBL5834410
8.13	IC50	7.4	nM	CHEMBL5963394
8.12	IC50	7.6	nM	CHEMBL5763742
8.08	IC50	8.3	nM	CHEMBL5882443
7.99	IC50	10.2	nM	CHEMBL5790303
7.93	IC50	11.8	nM	CHEMBL5984350
7.89	IC50	13	nM	CHEMBL5874946
7.74	IC50	18.3	nM	CHEMBL5808248
7.64	IC50	22.7	nM	CHEMBL5836561
7.62	IC50	24.1	nM	CHEMBL6015125
7.60	IC50	25.3	nM	CHEMBL6035509
7.59	IC50	25.5	nM	CHEMBL6009102

PubChem BioAssay actives

19 with measured affinity, of 439 total; 15 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
(3S)-3-[[(4S,7S)-7-[[4-(carboxymethoxy)benzoyl]amino]-6,10-dioxo-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydro-1H-pyridazino[1,2-a]diazepine-4-carbonyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid	2100630: Binding affinity to Interleukin-1beta (unknown origin) assessed as inhibition constant	ki	0.0010	uM
(3S)-3-[[(4S,7S)-7-[(2-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-6,10-dioxo-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydro-1H-pyridazino[1,2-a]diazepine-4-carbonyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid	2100630: Binding affinity to Interleukin-1beta (unknown origin) assessed as inhibition constant	ki	0.0010	uM
3-[[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[(3-carboxy-5-quinolin-4-ylanilino)methyl]phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]methylamino]-5-quinolin-4-ylbenzoic acid	2088628: Binding affinity to Interleukin-1beta (unknown origin) assessed as dissociation constant	kd	0.0400	uM
(3S)-4-oxo-3-[2-[2-oxo-3-(3-phenylpropanoylamino)-1-pyridinyl]propanoylamino]butanoic acid	2100630: Binding affinity to Interleukin-1beta (unknown origin) assessed as inhibition constant	ki	0.1500	uM
(3R)-3-[[2-[6-benzyl-2-oxo-3-(3-phenylpropanoylamino)-1-pyridinyl]acetyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid	2100630: Binding affinity to Interleukin-1beta (unknown origin) assessed as inhibition constant	ki	0.1500	uM
(3S)-4-oxo-3-[[2-[2-oxo-6-phenyl-3-(3-phenylpropanoylamino)-1-pyridinyl]acetyl]amino]butanoic acid	2100630: Binding affinity to Interleukin-1beta (unknown origin) assessed as inhibition constant	ki	0.9000	uM
(3R)-3-[2-[6-benzyl-2-oxo-3-(3-phenylpropanoylamino)-1-pyridinyl]propanoylamino]-4-oxobutanoic acid	2100630: Binding affinity to Interleukin-1beta (unknown origin) assessed as inhibition constant	ki	0.9700	uM
4-[4-hydroxy-3-[(3S)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl]phenyl]benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid	2071788: Binding affinity to C-terminally avi-tagged human IL-1 beta assessed as dissociation constant by surface plasmon resonance analysis	kd	1.1000	uM
2-[(7S)-4-(benzenesulfonyl)-7-(2-morpholin-4-ylethylcarbamoyl)-1,4-diazepane-1-carbonyl]-8-[4-formyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid	2071791: Antagonist activity at human recombinant His-tagged wild type IL-1 beta assessed as inhibition of IL-1 beta/Alexa 647 labeled human IL-1R1 (1 to 332) interaction preincubated with IL-1 beta for 1 hr followed by IL-1R1 addition and measured after 1 hr by TR-FRET assay	ic50	1.2000	uM
(3S)-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid	627038: Induction of IL-1 beta production in LPS-induced human THP-1 cells by ELISA	ic50	2.0000	uM
methyl (1R,2S,5S,7R,10S,11S,13R,15S)-7,15-dihydroxy-2,6,6,10,13,15-hexamethyl-17-methylidene-14,16-dioxotetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.05,10]heptadecane-1-carboxylate	627038: Induction of IL-1 beta production in LPS-induced human THP-1 cells by ELISA	ic50	2.7000	uM
methyl (1R,2S,11S,12S,14R,16S)-16-hydroxy-2,6,6,11,14,16-hexamethyl-18-methylidene-8,15,17-trioxo-7-oxatetracyclo[12.3.1.02,12.05,11]octadec-4-ene-1-carboxylate	627038: Induction of IL-1 beta production in LPS-induced human THP-1 cells by ELISA	ic50	3.7000	uM
methyl (1R,2S,12S,14R,16S)-16-hydroxy-2,6,6,11,14,16-hexamethyl-18-methylidene-8,15,17-trioxo-7-oxatetracyclo[12.3.1.02,12.05,10]octadeca-4,10-diene-1-carboxylate	627038: Induction of IL-1 beta production in LPS-induced human THP-1 cells by ELISA	ic50	4.4000	uM
[(1S,3R,4S,5R,6S,7S,10R,14R,15S)-5-acetyloxy-14-(furan-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-10,15-dimethyl-9-oxo-7-propan-2-yl-2-oxapentacyclo[8.6.1.13,6.06,17.011,15]octadec-11-en-4-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	1607901: Inhibition of IL1-beta (unknown origin)	ic50	7.8000	uM
2-[(7S)-4-(benzenesulfonyl)-7-(2-morpholin-4-ylethylcarbamoyl)-1,4-diazepane-1-carbonyl]-8-(4-formyl-3-propan-2-ylphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid	2071791: Antagonist activity at human recombinant His-tagged wild type IL-1 beta assessed as inhibition of IL-1 beta/Alexa 647 labeled human IL-1R1 (1 to 332) interaction preincubated with IL-1 beta for 1 hr followed by IL-1R1 addition and measured after 1 hr by TR-FRET assay	ic50	8.3000	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

1155 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Lipopolysaccharides	decreases reaction, increases expression, affects expression, increases reaction, increases abundance (+11 more)	174
Particulate Matter	affects response to substance, increases cleavage, affects reaction, affects cotreatment, increases abundance (+5 more)	64
Acetylcysteine	decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases reaction, increases abundance, affects binding (+5 more)	43
Resveratrol	increases reaction, increases secretion, increases abundance, decreases activity, decreases reaction (+10 more)	42
Dinoprostone	increases chemical synthesis, increases secretion, affects expression, increases activity, decreases reaction (+4 more)	40
Dexamethasone	affects expression, affects reaction, decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction (+9 more)	32
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	increases expression, affects reaction, increases reaction, affects binding, affects cotreatment (+5 more)	27
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	decreases reaction, increases secretion, affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression (+3 more)	26
Quercetin	increases phosphorylation, decreases secretion, decreases response to substance, increases secretion, increases reaction (+8 more)	25
Air Pollutants	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression, increases response to substance, affects response to substance (+4 more)	24
sodium arsenite	increases activity, increases degradation, increases secretion, decreases response to substance, affects reaction (+7 more)	22
Adenosine Triphosphate	increases secretion, increases cleavage, increases expression, increases reaction, affects reaction (+2 more)	21
SB 203580	increases reaction, decreases reaction, decreases response to substance, increases cleavage, decreases expression (+7 more)	20
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	affects reaction, affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases chemical synthesis, increases expression (+5 more)	20
lipopolysaccharide, Escherichia coli O111 B4	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases cleavage, increases abundance, increases acylation (+6 more)	20
Glucose	increases expression, increases secretion, affects cotreatment, affects reaction, decreases expression (+3 more)	20
Nitric Oxide	decreases reaction, increases abundance, increases reaction, affects cotreatment, affects reaction (+3 more)	19
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression, increases reaction, affects reaction, decreases reaction, affects cotreatment (+5 more)	19
Silicon Dioxide	affects cotreatment, affects reaction, increases cleavage, increases expression, decreases reaction (+3 more)	18
pyrazolanthrone	affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases expression, increases activity, decreases expression (+4 more)	17
Glucosamine	decreases expression, increases phosphorylation, increases expression, affects cotreatment, increases activity (+8 more)	17
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases secretion, affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction (+2 more)	17
Vehicle Emissions	affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases secretion, increases abundance, decreases expression (+4 more)	15
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases reaction, affects expression, affects reaction, increases expression, increases reaction (+3 more)	15
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	increases reaction, increases cleavage, increases secretion, increases expression, decreases reaction (+1 more)	15
bisphenol A	increases abundance, decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction, affects expression (+5 more)	14
3-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-2-propenenitrile	affects binding, increases cleavage, affects localization, increases phosphorylation, decreases secretion (+8 more)	14
Cadmium	increases reaction, decreases reaction, increases expression, increases abundance, increases secretion (+3 more)	13
Indomethacin	increases abundance, affects cotreatment, increases secretion, increases activity, increases chemical synthesis (+5 more)	12
nickel sulfate	increases expression, increases secretion, affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, decreases expression	11

ChEMBL screening assays

26 unique, capped per target: 26 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL1913641	Binding	Induction of IL-1 beta production in LPS-induced human THP-1 cells by ELISA	Berkeleyones and related meroterpenes from a deep water acid mine waste fungus that inhibit the production of interleukin 1-β from induced inflammasomes. — J Nat Prod

Cellosaurus cell lines

5 cell lines: 5 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B1AE	Abcam THP-1 IL1B KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_B8IB	Abcam HCT 116 IL1B KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_B8XB	Abcam MCF-7 IL1B KO	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_B9KK	Abcam A-549 IL1B KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_E0EZ	Ubigene HeLa IL1B KO	Cancer cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

305 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00286351	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Use of Arimidex and Zoladex as Pretreatment to IVF in Women With Ovarian Endometriosis
NCT00621179	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Endometrial Markers and Response of Endometriosis Patients to Prolonged GnRH Agonist Prior to IVF
NCT00625950	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Endometriosis Patients Undergoing Quinagolide Treatment
NCT00654524	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Randomized Study of Gonadotropin-releasing-hormone Agonist (GnRH-a) or Expectant Management for Endometriosis
NCT00735852	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Decapeptyl SR With Livial Add Back Therapy in the Management of Chronic Cyclical Pelvic Pain in Pre Menopausal Women
NCT00844012	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Continuous Postoperative Use of Low-Dose Combined Oral Contraceptivesfor for Endometriosis-Related Chronic Pelvic Pain
NCT01056042	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Injectable Contraceptive and Oral Contraceptive Administered After Surgical Treatment of Endometriosis With Pain
NCT01581359	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Pre-treatment With GnRH Analogues Prior in Vitro Fertilization in Patients With Endometriosis
NCT01682642	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Influence of Adjuvant Medical Treatment of Peritoneal Endometriosis on the Outcome of IVF. A Prospective Randomized Analysis.
NCT01769781	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Anastrazole Plus GnRH-agonist in the Treatment of Endometriosis Recurrence
NCT01779232	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Danazol Treatment in Endometriosis Women Before IVF
NCT02158845	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine System in Patients With Endometriosis
NCT02165917	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Study to Compare Peritoneal Ablation by Excision Only and Excision With the Use of an Adhesion Barrier
NCT02213081	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Ulipristal for Endometriosis-related Pelvic Pain
NCT02214550	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Chronic Pain Risk Associated With Menstrual Period Pain
NCT02385448	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Comparing the Use of Dienogest and Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills (Microgynon) to Reduce the Risk of Recurrence of Endometriotic Cyst After Conservative Surgery
NCT02387931	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Supplementation in Adolescent Girls With Endometriosis
NCT02393482	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Psychological Impact of Amenorrhea in Women With Endometriosis
NCT02427386	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Homeopathic Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women With Endometriosis
NCT02475564	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Resveratrol for Pain Due to Endometriosis
NCT02480647	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Clinical Trial the Use of Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine System Versus Etonogestrel Implant in Endometriosis
NCT02534688	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Levonorgestrel-intrauterine System (LNG-IUS) Versus Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) in Treatment of Pelvic Pain in Clinically Diagnosed Endometriotic Patients
NCT02812186	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Deep Versus Moderate Neuromuscular Blockade During Laparoscopic Surgery
NCT04218487	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Xuefu-Zhuyu Capsule for the Treatment of Qizhi Xueyu Zheng (Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis Syndrome)
NCT04554693	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	The Use of Low Dose Metronidazole to Decrease Postoperative Pain After Endometriosis Surgery
NCT04942015	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Honghuaruyi Wan for Endometriosis Dysmenorrhea
NCT05013242	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Goserline Acetate VS Dienogest in Endometriosi
NCT05059626	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Endometriosis and Microvascular Dysfunction; Simvastatin and Duavee
NCT05331053	PHASE4	TERMINATED	MicroRNA Activation of LOX-1 Mechanisms in Endometriosis
NCT05560230	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Intraoperative Clonidine for Postoperative Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Surgical Treatment for Endometriosis
NCT05962034	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Thromboxane Function in Women With Endometriosis
NCT06523530	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Effect of a GnRH Analog on Hepatic Steatosis
NCT06543550	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Comparison Between the Effects of Implantable Gestrinone and Oral Dienogest in the Treatment of Endometriosis
NCT06577233	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Superior Hypogastric Nerve Plexus Block With Bupivacaine After Robotic Resection of Endometriosis
NCT06951802	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Endometriosis and Pain Treatment by Intraoperative Administration of Low-dose Ketamine
NCT07144904	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Assessing the Efficacy of Indocyanine Green for Ureter Identification During Robot-Assisted Surgery in Advanced-Stage Endometriosis
NCT07182032	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Ketamine in Central Sensitization
NCT07532876	PHASE4	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Comparison of Elagolix and OCPs in Reducing Endometriosis Associated Pelvic Pain
NCT00225186	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of SH T00660AA in Treatment of Endometriosis
NCT00225199	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of SH T00660AA in Treatment of Endometriosis