IL2

Summary

IL2 (interleukin 2, HGNC:6001) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 4q27, encoding Interleukin-2 (P60568). Cytokine produced by activated CD4-positive helper T-cells and to a lesser extend activated CD8-positive T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells that plays pivotal roles in the immune response and tolerance.

This gene is a member of the interleukin 2 (IL2) cytokine subfamily which includes IL4, IL7, IL9, IL15, IL21, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin. The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted cytokine produced by activated CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, that is important for the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. The receptor of this cytokine (IL2R) is a heterotrimeric protein complex whose gamma chain is also shared by IL4 and IL7. The expression of this gene in mature thymocytes is monoallelic, which represents an unusual regulatory mode for controlling the precise expression of a single gene. The targeted disruption of a similar gene in mice leads to ulcerative colitis-like disease, which suggests an essential role of this gene in the immune response to antigenic stimuli.

Source: NCBI Gene 3558 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 55
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 3 total — 2 pathogenic
• Druggable target: yes — 2 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• MANE Select transcript: NM_000586

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:6001
Approved symbol	IL2
Name	interleukin 2
Location	4q27
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	IL-2, TCGF
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000109471
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	147680
Entrez	3558

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 1 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000226730, ENST00000477645

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_000586 NM_000586

CCDS: CCDS3726

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000226730 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000935280	122456144	122456203
ENSE00001138256	122451470	122451862
ENSE00001293064	122456294	122456725
ENSE00003641080	122453710	122453853

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 92 present calls, max score 84.25.

Top tissues by expression

255 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	84.25	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	79.10	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	68.91	gold quality
endometrium epithelium	UBERON:0004811	59.26	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	56.64	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	55.03	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	54.05	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	52.98	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	52.02	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	51.98	gold quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	50.95	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	50.64	gold quality
middle frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002702	50.30	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	50.26	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	50.18	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	49.95	gold quality
metanephric glomerulus	UBERON:0004736	49.61	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	49.30	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	49.27	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	49.25	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	49.20	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	49.18	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	48.92	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	48.87	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	48.87	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	48.83	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	48.55	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	48.53	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	48.50	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	48.24	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-29	no	52565.79
E-ANND-3	no	2.20

Regulation

Is transcription factor: yes

Downstream targets (CollecTRI)

2 targets.

Target	Regulation
NAB2	Activation
TNFSF10	Repression

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AGO1, AGO2, AP1, AR, BACH2, BATF3, BCL11B, BCL3, BCL6, BCL6B, BHLHE40, CEBPB, CREB1, CREB3, CREM, CTBP2, EGR1, EGR4, ELF1, EOMES, ESR1, ETS1, ETS2, FOS, FOSB, FOSL1, FOSL2, FOXC1, FOXK2, FOXN1, FOXO3, FOXP1, FOXP3, GABPA, GFI1, GLI3, HAND1, HAND2, HBP1, HDAC1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

41 targeting IL2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-450A-1-3P	100.00	69.33	1837
HSA-MIR-181A-5P	99.99	72.96	2995
HSA-MIR-181B-5P	99.99	72.97	2996
HSA-MIR-181C-5P	99.99	72.95	2996
HSA-MIR-181D-5P	99.99	73.04	2997
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-186-5P	99.99	70.83	3707
HSA-MIR-302C-5P	99.97	72.56	3642
HSA-MIR-3065-5P	99.97	71.56	3281
HSA-MIR-3658	99.96	73.87	4379
HSA-MIR-3143	99.93	71.96	3104
HSA-MIR-4493	99.90	66.48	977
HSA-MIR-95-5P	99.89	72.17	3973
HSA-MIR-3121-3P	99.82	71.96	3630
HSA-MIR-4307	99.82	70.45	3374
HSA-MIR-3913-5P	99.78	67.26	968
HSA-MIR-190A-5P	99.54	71.45	933
HSA-MIR-190B-5P	99.54	71.40	925
HSA-MIR-7159-5P	99.53	72.12	2472
HSA-MIR-543	99.52	69.03	2595
HSA-MIR-3122	99.50	66.33	821
HSA-MIR-6513-5P	99.43	67.81	1071
HSA-MIR-6507-5P	99.36	70.46	2524
HSA-MIR-421	98.90	67.04	1883
HSA-MIR-374A-3P	98.87	67.82	1531
HSA-MIR-4477A	98.83	69.75	2952
HSA-MIR-887-5P	98.82	65.90	1347

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Primary T lymphocytes that exhibit avid specific melanoma antigen and tumor recognition can be retrovirally transduced, produce IL-2 and grow for over 8 weeks in the absence of IL-2, upon restimulation. (PMID:11714800)
• kinetic mechanism of basal transcription at the IL-2 promoter using a human in vitro RNA polymerase II transcription system (PMID:11743717)
• IL-2 plays an important and complex role in the immune system, serving as a growth factor, a differentiation factor, and a regulator of cell death. (PMID:11826762)
• role in regulation of Toll-like receptor surface expression in human peripheral blood monocytes and B cells (PMID:11841848)
• Molecular mechanism of NFAT family proteins for differential regulation of the IL-2 and TNF-alpha promoters. (PMID:11911478)
• recombinant IL-2 treatment decreases P-glycoprotein activity and paclitaxel metabolism (PMID:11914641)
• The in situ detection of interleukin-2 and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) has been documented in perinatal white matter lesions associated with periventricular leukomalacia. (PMID:11940709)
• effect of hla-dr matching on acute rejection after heart transplantation influenced by il-2 polymorphism (PMID:11981437)
• IL-2 directly affects NK cell migratory ability in vitro by rapid and direct down-regulation of chemokine receptor CXCR3 mRNA expression, a decrease associated with a significant reduction in chemotaxis in the presence of IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10. (PMID:12055219)
• increased HIV replication in the thymus by inducing differentiation and expansion of mature CD27(+) thymocytes expressing CXCR4 or CCR5 (PMID:12072494)
• B-CLL patients with progressive disease had a significantly increased number of T cells spontaneously producing IL-2, IL-4 and GM-CSF, suggesting a role for T cells in the pathogenesis of B-CLL. (PMID:12144536)
• Elevated IL-2 and IL-2 receptor serum levels correlated with the severity of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation, and evidence suggested that both act together in the development of cutaneous GVHD. (PMID:12171778)
• IL-2 transcription in Jurkat cells is stimulated by a T cell receptor/DOCK2/Rac2 signal transduction pathway (PMID:12176041)
• The proximal promoter region of the IL-2 gene can assemble into a rotationally and translationally positioned mononucleosome under chromatin reconstitution conditions in vitro and in vivo, maintaining an inactive IL-2 gene in resting T cells. (PMID:12193716)
• The long-term immunologic effects of IL2 administered to HIV patients, including expansion of T-cell subsets and up-regulation of CD25 expression without increases in expression of the beta and gamma chains of the IL-2 receptor. (PMID:12200381)
• The spectrin-ankyrin skeleton controls CD45 surface display and interleukin-2 production. (PMID:12354383)
• mechanisms of IL-2-mediated prosurvival signaling in NK cells via an Akt-dependent pathway regulated by Syk and Rac1 (PMID:12393431)
• the higher capacity of CTL clones to produce IL-2 on their own seemed to be correlated with the in vivo efficacy for tumor eradication (PMID:12456594)
• hypertonic stress increases T cell interleukin-2 expression through a mechanism that involves ATP release, P2 receptor, and p38 MAPK activation (PMID:12464620)
• CD56+ NK cells exist in lymph nodes & endogenous T-cell-derived IL-2, acting through the NK high-affinity IL-2 receptor, costimulates them to secrete IFN-gamma. This is the 1st evidence of immunoregulation of innate immune lymphocytes by adaptive ones. (PMID:12480696)
• A novel hematopoietic adaptor protein, Chat-H, positively regulates T cell receptor-mediated production of this protein in Jurkat cells. (PMID:12486027)
• Nuclear export of NF90 is required for its interleukin-2 mRNA stabilization. (PMID:12504009)
• IL-2 decreased the expression of ERK2 & increased the expression of ERK3. IL-2 increased the expression of PKCalpha, PKCdelta and PKCepsilon. (PMID:12536241)
• endothelin-1 (ET-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and amino-terminal propeptide type III procollagen (PIII NP) can be used as markers for diagnosis of human cases infected with chronic and acute filariasis (PMID:12557940)
• IL2 production is increased by FAP48-FKBP complexes (PMID:12604780)
• no evidence for genetic association conferred by the -384 and 114 IL-2 SNP with respect to susceptibility and severity of rheumatoid arthritis. (PMID:12610796)
• denaturation transitions in the secondary and tertiary structure of IL-2 suggest intermediates and possible relation to ligand binding and endocytic trafficking (PMID:12717025)
• One synthetic fragment consisting of amino acids 22-58 contained 100% of the vasopermeability activity of IL-2 and was designated permeability-enhancing peptide (PEP). (PMID:12759392)
• IL-2 deprivation raises the level of RC3 and other apoptotic factors, which induce apoptosis by increasing the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration (PMID:12808095)
• IL-2 regulates homeostasis by modulating the equilibrium between proliferation and apoptotic cell death in T cells that have recently exited from the thymus as well as mature naive and memory T cell subsets. (PMID:12816983)
• Genotype is associated with kidney transplantation rejection, but not with heart transplantation outcome. (PMID:12826155)
• The mixed leukcyte culture model suggest that allorecognition upregulates IL-2 but not IL-15 expression. (PMID:12826231)
• In all three groups of patients significant correlation was seen between abundance of IL-2 vs. IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, or TNF-alpha, between IL-4 vs. IL-10, and between TNF-alpha vs. INF-gamma (PMID:12851716)
• IL-2 secretion from rat T9.F glioma cells enhances tumorigenesis when the tumor is implanted in the brain; in contrast, IL-2-secreting T9.F glioma cells are completely rejected when implanted in the periphery, resulting in tumor-specific immunity. (PMID:12864971)
• expression of alleles of the genes encoding IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, and IL-13 in CD4(+) T cell clones (PMID:12884288)
• Upon prolonged culture (down phase), human T cells undergo an IL-2-dependent switch from type II signaling to type I signaling cells that renders T cells sensitive to CD95-mediated activation-induced cell death. (PMID:12960316)
• Number of CD8+/IL-2 cells significantly higher in elderly trained than in elderly untrained. (PMID:14499500)
• IL-2 activates not only STAT3, STAT5, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 pathway, but also STAT4 as in NK cells, and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway as in alpha beta T cells. (PMID:14607923)
• Because IL-2 regulates gene expression through the interactions of transcription factors with IFN-gamma activated sequence and Ets binding site motifs, it is likely that IL-2 influences CD94 gene expression through formation of DNA-protein complexes. (PMID:14607929)
• The development of breast tumour is associated with an increased expression of IL-2 and this expression also seems to be associated with the malignancy of the tumour. (PMID:14680494)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Il2	ENSMUSG00000027720
rattus_norvegicus	Il2	ENSRNOG00000017348

Protein

Protein identifiers

Interleukin-2 — P60568 (reviewed: P60568)

Alternative names: T-cell growth factor

All UniProt accessions (2): P60568, Q0GK43

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Cytokine produced by activated CD4-positive helper T-cells and to a lesser extend activated CD8-positive T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells that plays pivotal roles in the immune response and tolerance. Binds to a receptor complex composed of either the high-affinity trimeric IL-2R (IL2RA/CD25, IL2RB/CD122 and IL2RG/CD132) or the low-affinity dimeric IL-2R (IL2RB and IL2RG). Interaction with the receptor leads to oligomerization and conformation changes in the IL-2R subunits resulting in downstream signaling starting with phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK3. In turn, JAK1 and JAK3 phosphorylate the receptor to form a docking site leading to the phosphorylation of several substrates including STAT5. This process leads to activation of several pathways including STAT, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase/MAPK pathways. Functions as a T-cell growth factor and can increase NK-cell cytolytic activity as well. Promotes strong proliferation of activated B-cells and subsequently immunoglobulin production. Plays a pivotal role in regulating the adaptive immune system by controlling the survival and proliferation of regulatory T-cells, which are required for the maintenance of immune tolerance. Moreover, participates in the differentiation and homeostasis of effector T-cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17 as well as memory CD8-positive T-cells.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Disease relevance. A chromosomal aberration involving IL2 is found in a form of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Translocation t(4;16)(q26;p13) with involves TNFRSF17.

Similarity. Belongs to the IL-2 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_000577* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000779	IL-2	Family
IPR009079	4_helix_cytokine-like_core	Homologous_superfamily
IPR030477	IL-2_CS	Conserved_site

Pfam: PF00715

UniProt features (22 total): helix 12, strand 4, sequence variant 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, glycosylation site 1, disulfide bond 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

37 structures, top 30 by resolution.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
8SOZ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.64
8SOW	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.71
7M2G	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.79
4NEJ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.92
4NEM	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.93
1M48	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.95
5LQB	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.95
1M47	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.99
1M49	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2
1M4B	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.15
1M4A	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.18
1NBP	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.2
7RA9	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.2
2B5I	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
5M5E	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
1M4C	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.4
7DR4	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.49
3INK	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5
1PW6	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.6
7YZJ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.6
7RAA	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.69
1QVN	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
5UTZ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.75
1PY2	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.8
1Z92	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.8
6YE3	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.89
9KMC	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.97
2ERJ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3
3QB1	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.1
6LX3	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.15

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P60568-F1	84.68	0.60

Antibody-complex structures (SAbDab): 8 — 5LQB, 5UTZ, 6YE3, 7DR4, 7YZJ, 8SOW, 8SOZ, 9KMC

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (1): 78–125

Glycosylation sites (1): 23

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-5673001	RAF/MAP kinase cascade
R-HSA-8877330	RUNX1 and FOXP3 control the development of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs)
R-HSA-9020558	Interleukin-2 signaling
R-HSA-912526	Interleukin receptor SHC signaling

MSigDB gene sets: 440 (showing top): PID_SHP2_PATHWAY, GOBP_DENDRITE_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ACTIVATION, RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, REACTOME_INTERLEUKIN_2_FAMILY_SIGNALING, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_NITROGEN_COMPOUND, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_DNA_RECOMBINATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_ETHANOL, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_ADAPTIVE_IMMUNE_RESPONSE, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_ADAPTIVE_IMMUNE_RESPONSE, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_ALPHA_BETA_T_CELL_ACTIVATION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_HEMOPOIESIS, PID_TELOMERASE_PATHWAY

GO Biological Process (45): adaptive immune response (GO:0002250), leukocyte activation involved in immune response (GO:0002366), positive regulation of immunoglobulin production (GO:0002639), negative regulation of B cell apoptotic process (GO:0002903), transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006366), immune response (GO:0006955), cell adhesion (GO:0007155), phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007200), positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration (GO:0007204), cell-cell signaling (GO:0007267), positive regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008284), natural killer cell activation (GO:0030101), T cell differentiation (GO:0030217), positive regulation of cell growth (GO:0030307), positive regulation of B cell proliferation (GO:0030890), positive regulation of type II interferon production (GO:0032729), positive regulation of interleukin-17 production (GO:0032740), positive regulation of tissue remodeling (GO:0034105), interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0038110), positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation (GO:0042104), negative regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043066), response to ethanol (GO:0045471), positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation (GO:0045591), positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944), regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation (GO:0046013), positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes (GO:0048304), negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation (GO:0050672), negative regulation of inflammatory response (GO:0050728), positive regulation of inflammatory response (GO:0050729), activated T cell proliferation (GO:0050798), positive regulation of dendritic spine development (GO:0060999), extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand (GO:0097192), cell surface receptor signaling pathway via STAT (GO:0097696), positive regulation of plasma cell differentiation (GO:1900100), response to tacrolimus (GO:1901327), negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation (GO:2000320), regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation (GO:2000561), immune system process (GO:0002376), G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186), gene expression (GO:0010467)

GO Molecular Function (8): cytokine activity (GO:0005125), interleukin-2 receptor binding (GO:0005134), growth factor activity (GO:0008083), kinase activator activity (GO:0019209), carbohydrate binding (GO:0030246), kappa-type opioid receptor binding (GO:0031851), glycosphingolipid binding (GO:0043208), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): extracellular region (GO:0005576), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-4 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Interleukin-2 family signaling	2
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling	1
Transcriptional regulation by RUNX1	1
Interleukin-3, Interleukin-5 and GM-CSF signaling	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
immune response	2
positive regulation of cellular process	2
positive regulation of cytokine production	2
receptor ligand activity	2
binding	2
cell activation involved in immune response	1
leukocyte activation	1
immunoglobulin production	1
regulation of immunoglobulin production	1
positive regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response	1
B cell apoptotic process	1
regulation of B cell apoptotic process	1
negative regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process	1
DNA-templated transcription	1
immune system process	1
response to stimulus	1
cellular process	1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
phospholipase C activator activity	1
regulation of biological quality	1
cell communication	1
signaling	1
cell population proliferation	1
regulation of cell population proliferation	1
lymphocyte activation	1
lymphocyte differentiation	1
T cell activation	1
regulation of cell growth	1
cell growth	1
positive regulation of growth	1
regulation of B cell proliferation	1
B cell proliferation	1
positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation	1
positive regulation of B cell activation	1
type II interferon production	1
regulation of type II interferon production	1
interleukin-17 production	1
regulation of interleukin-17 production	1
regulation of tissue remodeling	1
tissue remodeling	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

0 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

IntAct

10 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
IL2RB	IL2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.740
IL2	IL2RB	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.740
IL2	IL2RA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
IL2	IL2RA	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.670
IL17A	IL2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
IL17A	ATP1A3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (7): IL2 (Affinity Capture-MS), IL2 (Affinity Capture-Western), IL2 (Affinity Capture-MS), IL2 (Affinity Capture-MS), IL2 (Reconstituted Complex), S100A6 (Reconstituted Complex), IL2 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A3QPB9, B0ZE70, B3F0J0, C8AW45, O62757, O77762, O97687, P05113, P07750, P10168, P11052, P13232, P15247, P15248, P20096, P20826, P28773, P40221, P40933, P46685, P48092, P48093, P48346, P55030, P60568, P60569, P68290, P68291, P97604, Q1WM29, Q28028, Q29615, Q3S4V6, Q3Y5G8, Q4GZL1, Q4U0U2, Q5WQV8, Q6EAL8, Q6EBC2, Q75SZ9

Diamond homologs: O62641, O77620, O97513, P04351, P05016, P17108, P19114, P26891, P36835, P37997, P46649, P51747, P60568, P60569, P68290, P68291, Q07885, Q08081, Q08867, Q1WM29, Q25BC3, Q29416, Q29615, Q2PE47, Q2PE78, Q4U313, Q5MBA8, Q5PXD0, Q7JFM2, Q7JFM3, Q7JFM4, Q7JFM5, Q865X2, Q865Y1, Q8MKH2, Q95KP3, Q9XS38, Q9XT83, Q9XT84

SIGNOR signaling

8 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
IL2	up-regulates	IL2RA	binding
IL2	up-regulates	IL2RB	binding
IL2	up-regulates	IL2RG	binding
IL2	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	NAB2	“transcriptional regulation”
IL2	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	TNFSF10	“transcriptional regulation”
CREM	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	IL2	“transcriptional regulation”
NFATC1	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	IL2	“transcriptional regulation”
TBX21	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	IL2	“transcriptional regulation”

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

3 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	2
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	0
Likely benign	1
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (2)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1706620	NM_000586.4(IL2):c.433del (p.Cys145fs)	Pathogenic
1706621	NM_000586.4(IL2):c.134del (p.Ile44_Leu45insTer)	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

352 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
4:122451860:TCCCT:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:122451861:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:122451862:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:122451862:CCTAT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:122451863:CT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:122453704:CCTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
4:122453705:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
4:122453706:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:122453707:TAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:122453708:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
4:122453708:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:122453709:C:CA	donor_loss	1.0000
4:122453709:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
4:122453850:TGGC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:122453851:GGC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:122453852:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:122453853:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:122453854:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:122456288:ACTT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
4:122456290:TTACA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:122456291:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:122456292:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
4:122456292:ACA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
4:122456293:C:CT	donor_gain	1.0000
4:122456293:CA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
4:122456293:CAT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
4:122456293:CATT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
4:122456293:CATTA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
4:122451860:TCC:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:122451861:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

1006 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
4:122451793:A:G	W141R	0.984
4:122451793:A:T	W141R	0.984
4:122453813:A:G	L83P	0.961
4:122451791:C:A	W141C	0.957
4:122451791:C:G	W141C	0.957
4:122453834:A:G	L76P	0.950
4:122453829:A:G	C78R	0.947
4:122453825:A:G	L79P	0.938
4:122453714:A:G	L116P	0.937
4:122453804:A:G	L86P	0.924
4:122456416:A:G	C9R	0.919
4:122453828:C:G	C78S	0.916
4:122453829:A:T	C78S	0.916
4:122453834:A:T	L76H	0.916
4:122456319:A:G	L41S	0.915
4:122456160:A:G	F64S	0.913
4:122456331:A:G	L37S	0.913
4:122456402:A:C	S13R	0.913
4:122456402:A:T	S13R	0.913
4:122456404:T:G	S13R	0.913
4:122451801:A:G	L138P	0.912
4:122453825:A:T	L79Q	0.908
4:122451782:A:C	F144L	0.903
4:122451782:A:T	F144L	0.903
4:122451784:A:G	F144L	0.903
4:122453827:A:C	C78W	0.902
4:122451781:A:G	C145R	0.901
4:122451804:A:G	F137S	0.901
4:122451779:A:C	C145W	0.900
4:122453813:A:T	L83H	0.900

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000418138 (4:122451843 A>G), RS1000871948 (4:122451364 G>C), RS1000947301 (4:122457457 T>G), RS1000957263 (4:122457254 G>A,C), RS1001518101 (4:122456715 T>A), RS10019970 (4:122457436 A>T), RS1002131391 (4:122456844 G>A), RS1002201053 (4:122458235 C>T), RS1002524824 (4:122457222 A>G), RS1003584042 (4:122454894 T>A), RS1003792916 (4:122455228 T>A), RS1004207645 (4:122454926 C>T), RS1004419654 (4:122454077 C>G,T), RS1005317927 (4:122452581 A>T), RS1005660876 (4:122452405 A>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:147680 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): breast neoplasm (MONDO:0021100)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

55 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000048_2	Celiac disease	1.000000e-14
GCST000157_8	Celiac disease	3.000000e-13
GCST000392_21	Type 1 diabetes	5.000000e-13
GCST000612_34	Celiac disease	2.000000e-27
GCST000719_2	Alopecia areata	4.000000e-08
GCST000964_33	Ulcerative colitis	9.000000e-07
GCST001116_4	Progressive supranuclear palsy	1.000000e-07
GCST001191_11	Type 1 diabetes	5.000000e-07
GCST001303_3	IgE grass sensitization	1.000000e-06
GCST001725_79	Inflammatory bowel disease	3.000000e-13
GCST002084_6	Allergic sensitization	6.000000e-10
GCST002318_71	Rheumatoid arthritis	4.000000e-06
GCST002520_7	Celiac disease	3.000000e-11
GCST002737_6	Atopic dermatitis	1.000000e-06
GCST003184_22	Atopic dermatitis	4.000000e-06
GCST003814_13	Selective IgA deficiency	1.000000e-06
GCST003990_11	Allergy	4.000000e-11
GCST004030_4	Primary sclerosing cholangitis	1.000000e-13
GCST004131_73	Inflammatory bowel disease	1.000000e-07
GCST004132_89	Crohn’s disease	9.000000e-07
GCST004644_1	Vaso-occlusive pain in sickle-cell anemia	6.000000e-08
GCST004866_24	Alopecia areata	1.000000e-06
GCST004866_28	Alopecia areata	5.000000e-09
GCST005038_40	Allergic disease (asthma, hay fever or eczema)	5.000000e-14
GCST005523_20	Celiac disease	2.000000e-38
GCST005528_12	Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (oligoarticular or rheumatoid factor-negative polyarticular)	6.000000e-11
GCST005536_11	Type 1 diabetes	6.000000e-13
GCST005752_140	Systemic lupus erythematosus	2.000000e-08
GCST006408_9	Allergic sensitization	1.000000e-08
GCST006409_41	Allergic rhinitis	3.000000e-15

EFO canonical traits (6, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0005298	allergic sensitization measurement
EFO:0008316	vaso-occlusive pain measurement
EFO:0004847	age at onset
EFO:1002011	adult onset asthma
EFO:0009941	Inhalant adrenergic use measurement
EFO:0004842	eosinophil count

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D001943	Breast Neoplasms	C04.588.180; C17.800.090.500

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL5880 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

2 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 8,666 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL242341	FORMONONETIN	2	8,420
CHEMBL395414	DISOGLUSIDE	2	246

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB clinical annotations

1 annotations.

Variant	Type	Level	Drugs	Phenotypes
rs6822844	Efficacy	3	rituximab	Systemic lupus erythematosus

PharmGKB variants

3 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs2069762	IL2		0.00	0
rs2069763	IL2		0.00	0
rs6822844	IL2	3	4.75	1	rituximab

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

169 measured of 488 human assays (488 total across all organisms); most potent 50 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value	Patent
5-[2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide	IC50	3 nM	US-8802721: Thiophene compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
methyl 3-[5-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)carbamoyl]thiophen-2-yl]-4-methylbenzoate	IC50	6.4 nM	US-8802721: Thiophene compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 98	IC50	8 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 108	IC50	8 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 22	IC50	9 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 73	IC50	9 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 75	IC50	9 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 71	IC50	10 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 72	IC50	10 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 109	IC50	10 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 112	IC50	10 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 122	IC50	10 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 70	IC50	11 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 77	IC50	11 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 81	IC50	11 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 99	IC50	11 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 114	IC50	11 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 121	IC50	11 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 7	IC50	12 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 17	IC50	12 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
N-(5-(2-chloro-5- cyclopropoxyphenyl)pyrazin-2-yl)-4- methylnicotinamide	IC50	12 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 14	IC50	13 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 76	IC50	13 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 90	IC50	13 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 144	IC50	13 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
5-[2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-(3-methyl-4-pyridinyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide	IC50	14 nM	US-8802721: Thiophene compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 115	IC50	14 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 116	IC50	14 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 103	IC50	16 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
2,6-difluoro-N-[5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiophen-2-yl]benzamide	IC50	16.5 nM	US-8802721: Thiophene compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 137	IC50	17 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 37	IC50	18 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 94	IC50	18 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 104	IC50	18 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 123	IC50	18 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 146	IC50	18 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 24	IC50	19 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 6	IC50	20 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 83	IC50	20 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 131	IC50	21 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 48	IC50	22 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 142	IC50	23 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 8	IC50	25 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 140	IC50	25 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 26	IC50	26 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 27	IC50	26 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 34	IC50	26 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 80	IC50	26 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 9	IC50	28 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses
US10399967, Compound 57	IC50	28 nM	US-10399967: Compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses

ChEMBL bioactivities

116 potent at pChembl≥5 of 124 total, top 50 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
10.54	Kd	0.0289	nM	DISOGLUSIDE
8.59	Kd	2.59	nM	CHEMBL3289607
8.52	IC50	3	nM	CHEMBL3646774
8.19	IC50	6.4	nM	CHEMBL3646776
8.10	IC50	8	nM	CHEMBL4857063
8.03	EC50	9.4	nM	CHEMBL5205694
8.00	IC50	10	nM	CHEMBL5087453
7.96	IC50	11	nM	CHEMBL4868242
7.94	EC50	11.56	nM	CHEMBL5560228
7.89	IC50	13	nM	CHEMBL5090091
7.85	IC50	14	nM	CHEMBL3646775
7.85	IC50	14	nM	CHEMBL4869725
7.78	IC50	16.5	nM	CHEMBL3646778
7.70	Kd	20	nM	GALUTEOLIN
7.60	EC50	25.3	nM	CHEMBL5398436
7.50	IC50	32	nM	CHEMBL4868367
7.47	IC50	34	nM	CHEMBL4848840
7.47	IC50	34	nM	CHEMBL4861512
7.47	IC50	34	nM	CHEMBL5088468
7.45	Kd	35.6	nM	CHEMBL3289608
7.45	EC50	35.2	nM	CHEMBL5404419
7.41	IC50	39	nM	CHEMBL5084598
7.34	EC50	45.37	nM	CHEMBL5557745
7.33	IC50	47	nM	CHEMBL5074957
7.30	IC50	50	nM	CHEMBL4868517
7.26	Kd	54.9	nM	CHEMBL3289611
7.26	IC50	55	nM	CHEMBL4859192
7.23	IC50	58.5	nM	CHEMBL3646777
7.22	IC50	60	nM	CHEMBL429852
7.22	Ki	60	nM	CHEMBL429852
7.19	IC50	64	nM	CHEMBL4859714
7.19	IC50	64.8	nM	CHEMBL4855379
7.16	IC50	69	nM	CHEMBL4854994
7.14	EC50	72.91	nM	CHEMBL5523660
7.11	IC50	78	nM	CHEMBL4872086
7.10	IC50	80	nM	CHEMBL4857666
7.09	IC50	82	nM	CHEMBL5079033
7.06	IC50	87	nM	CHEMBL3646781
7.04	IC50	91	nM	CHEMBL5082562
7.04	EC50	90.4	nM	CHEMBL5558965
7.03	IC50	94.4	nM	CHEMBL4868543
7.02	IC50	94.8	nM	CHEMBL3646780
7.02	IC50	96	nM	CHEMBL5086824
7.01	EC50	97.27	nM	CHEMBL5557243
7.00	Kd	100	nM	CHEMBL429852
6.99	IC50	103.6	nM	CHEMBL3646779
6.96	EC50	108.4	nM	CHEMBL5561221
6.95	IC50	113	nM	CHEMBL5080834
6.92	Kd	120	nM	ONONIN
6.82	IC50	150	nM	CHEMBL4848699

PubChem BioAssay actives

84 with measured affinity, of 160 total; 50 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5’R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5’,7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2’-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol	1156797: Binding affinity to IL-2 (unknown origin)	kd	<0.0001	uM
methyl (4S,5Z,6S)-5-ethylidene-4-[2-oxo-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]ethyl]-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate	1156797: Binding affinity to IL-2 (unknown origin)	kd	0.0026	uM
N-[4-[2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phenyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide	1774679: Inhibition of PHA-stimulated IL2 secretion in human Jurkat T cells preincubated for 10 mins followed by PHA addition and measured after 20 to 24 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.0080	uM
(3S)-6-[[5-[(1R)-1-amino-1-cyclopropylethyl]-8-cyclopropyloxy-2,7-naphthyridin-3-yl]amino]-3-methylspiro[2,3-dihydronaphthalene-4,1’-cyclopropane]-1-one	1884769: Inhibition of IL-2 (unknown origin)	ec50	0.0094	uM
(2S)-N-[2-[(4aS,5aR)-5,5-difluoro-5a-methyl-1,4,4a,6-tetrahydrocyclopropa[f]indazol-3-yl]-6-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]-N-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropanamide	1834415: Inhibition of IL-2 in CD3/CD28 activated human CD4+ve Th cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by addition of immuno-cult and measured after 24 hrs by HTRF assay	ic50	0.0100	uM
2,6-difluoro-N-[4-[2-methyl-3-(4-methyl-5-oxo-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl]phenyl]benzamide	1774679: Inhibition of PHA-stimulated IL2 secretion in human Jurkat T cells preincubated for 10 mins followed by PHA addition and measured after 20 to 24 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.0110	uM
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-[4-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)phenyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine	2068006: Activation of IL-2 in human Jurkat cells incubated for 24 hrs by ELISA	ec50	0.0116	uM
(2R)-N-[2-[(4aS,5aR)-5a-methyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[f]indazol-3-yl]-3H-benzimidazol-5-yl]-N-methyl-2-(oxan-4-yl)propanamide	1834415: Inhibition of IL-2 in CD3/CD28 activated human CD4+ve Th cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by addition of immuno-cult and measured after 24 hrs by HTRF assay	ic50	0.0130	uM
2-chloro-6-fluoro-N-[4-[2-methyl-3-(4-methyl-5-oxo-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl]phenyl]benzamide	1774679: Inhibition of PHA-stimulated IL2 secretion in human Jurkat T cells preincubated for 10 mins followed by PHA addition and measured after 20 to 24 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.0140	uM
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	1156797: Binding affinity to IL-2 (unknown origin)	kd	0.0200	uM
N-[1-[(1S)-3-[[6-[[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-5-yl]amino]-6-oxohexyl]-methylamino]-1-phenylpropyl]pyrazol-4-yl]-6,6-dimethyl-1,4,5,7-tetrahydroindazole-3-carboxamide;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid	2029692: Inhibition of IL-2 in human Jurkat cells pretreated with compound for 4 hrs followed by anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation by ELISA analysis	ec50	0.0253	uM
N-[5-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-2-ethylphenyl]pyrazin-2-yl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide	1774679: Inhibition of PHA-stimulated IL2 secretion in human Jurkat T cells preincubated for 10 mins followed by PHA addition and measured after 20 to 24 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.0320	uM
N-[2-[(4aS,5aR)-5a-methyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[f]indazol-3-yl]-3H-benzimidazol-5-yl]-2,2-difluoro-N-methyl-2-(oxan-4-yl)acetamide	1834415: Inhibition of IL-2 in CD3/CD28 activated human CD4+ve Th cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by addition of immuno-cult and measured after 24 hrs by HTRF assay	ic50	0.0340	uM
N-[5-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-2-methylphenyl]pyrazin-2-yl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide	1774679: Inhibition of PHA-stimulated IL2 secretion in human Jurkat T cells preincubated for 10 mins followed by PHA addition and measured after 20 to 24 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.0340	uM
2,6-difluoro-N-[4-[2-methyl-5-(4-methyl-5-oxo-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl]phenyl]benzamide	1774679: Inhibition of PHA-stimulated IL2 secretion in human Jurkat T cells preincubated for 10 mins followed by PHA addition and measured after 20 to 24 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.0340	uM
N-[1-[(1S)-3-[4-[2-[1-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-5-yl]piperidin-4-yl]ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-phenylpropyl]pyrazol-4-yl]-6,6-dimethyl-1,4,5,7-tetrahydroindazole-3-carboxamide;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid	2029692: Inhibition of IL-2 in human Jurkat cells pretreated with compound for 4 hrs followed by anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation by ELISA analysis	ec50	0.0352	uM
3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	1156797: Binding affinity to IL-2 (unknown origin)	kd	0.0356	uM
(2S)-N-[2-[(4aS,5aR)-5a-methyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[f]indazol-3-yl]-6-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]-N-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropanamide	1834415: Inhibition of IL-2 in CD3/CD28 activated human CD4+ve Th cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by addition of immuno-cult and measured after 24 hrs by HTRF assay	ic50	0.0390	uM
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-[4-(oxan-4-yl)phenyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine	2068006: Activation of IL-2 in human Jurkat cells incubated for 24 hrs by ELISA	ec50	0.0454	uM
(2S)-N-[2-[(4aS,5aR)-5a-methyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[f]indazol-3-yl]-7-fluoro-6-methyl-3H-benzimidazol-5-yl]-N-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropanamide	1834415: Inhibition of IL-2 in CD3/CD28 activated human CD4+ve Th cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by addition of immuno-cult and measured after 24 hrs by HTRF assay	ic50	0.0470	uM
N-[5-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl]pyrazin-2-yl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide	1774679: Inhibition of PHA-stimulated IL2 secretion in human Jurkat T cells preincubated for 10 mins followed by PHA addition and measured after 20 to 24 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.0500	uM
2-cyclohexyl-2-(diaminomethylideneamino)-N-[2-[4-[3-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]acetamide	1156797: Binding affinity to IL-2 (unknown origin)	kd	0.0549	uM
N-[5-[3-(5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-2-methylphenyl]pyrazin-2-yl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide	1774679: Inhibition of PHA-stimulated IL2 secretion in human Jurkat T cells preincubated for 10 mins followed by PHA addition and measured after 20 to 24 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.0550	uM
5-[[2,3-dichloro-4-[5-[1-[2-[[(2R)-2-(diaminomethylideneamino)-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]piperidin-4-yl]-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl]phenoxy]methyl]furan-2-carboxylic acid	318564: Binding affinity to IL2 assessed as inhibition of IL2-IL2Ralpha interaction	ki	0.0600	uM
2,6-difluoro-N-[5-[2-methyl-5-(4-methyl-5-oxo-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl]pyrazin-2-yl]benzamide	1774679: Inhibition of PHA-stimulated IL2 secretion in human Jurkat T cells preincubated for 10 mins followed by PHA addition and measured after 20 to 24 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.0640	uM
2-chloro-N-[5-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-2-methylphenyl]pyrazin-2-yl]-6-fluorobenzamide	1774679: Inhibition of PHA-stimulated IL2 secretion in human Jurkat T cells preincubated for 10 mins followed by PHA addition and measured after 20 to 24 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.0648	uM
N-[4-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-2-methylphenyl]phenyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide	1774679: Inhibition of PHA-stimulated IL2 secretion in human Jurkat T cells preincubated for 10 mins followed by PHA addition and measured after 20 to 24 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.0690	uM
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine	2068006: Activation of IL-2 in human Jurkat cells incubated for 24 hrs by ELISA	ec50	0.0729	uM
N-[4-[5-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methylphenyl]phenyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide	1774679: Inhibition of PHA-stimulated IL2 secretion in human Jurkat T cells preincubated for 10 mins followed by PHA addition and measured after 20 to 24 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.0780	uM
N-(4-benzoylphenyl)-8-[[4-methyl-5-[(3-methyl-4-oxophthalazin-1-yl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]sulfanyl]octanamide	1763550: Inhibition of IL2-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in human NK92 cells incubated for 30 mins followed by IL-15 stimulation and measured after 1 hr by alphascreen assay	ic50	0.0800	uM
(2S)-N-[2-[(4aS,5aR)-5a-methyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[f]indazol-3-yl]-7-hydroxy-3H-benzimidazol-5-yl]-N-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropanamide	1834415: Inhibition of IL-2 in CD3/CD28 activated human CD4+ve Th cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by addition of immuno-cult and measured after 24 hrs by HTRF assay	ic50	0.0820	uM
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(4-piperazin-1-ylphenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine	2068006: Activation of IL-2 in human Jurkat cells incubated for 24 hrs by ELISA	ec50	0.0904	uM
(2S)-N-[2-[(4aS,5aR)-5a-methyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[f]indazol-3-yl]-6-ethyl-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]-N-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropanamide	1834415: Inhibition of IL-2 in CD3/CD28 activated human CD4+ve Th cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by addition of immuno-cult and measured after 24 hrs by HTRF assay	ic50	0.0910	uM
N-[5-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-2-methylphenyl]pyrazin-2-yl]-3,5-difluoropyridine-4-carboxamide	1774679: Inhibition of PHA-stimulated IL2 secretion in human Jurkat T cells preincubated for 10 mins followed by PHA addition and measured after 20 to 24 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.0944	uM
N-[2-[(4aS,5aR)-5a-methyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[f]indazol-3-yl]-6-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]-N-methyl-2-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)acetamide	1834415: Inhibition of IL-2 in CD3/CD28 activated human CD4+ve Th cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by addition of immuno-cult and measured after 24 hrs by HTRF assay	ic50	0.0960	uM
4-[4-[3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl]phenyl]morpholine	2068006: Activation of IL-2 in human Jurkat cells incubated for 24 hrs by ELISA	ec50	0.0973	uM
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(6-piperazin-1-yl-3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine	2068006: Activation of IL-2 in human Jurkat cells incubated for 24 hrs by ELISA	ec50	0.1084	uM
(2R)-N-[2-[(4aS,5aR)-5a-methyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[f]indazol-3-yl]-6-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]-N-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropanamide	1834415: Inhibition of IL-2 in CD3/CD28 activated human CD4+ve Th cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by addition of immuno-cult and measured after 24 hrs by HTRF assay	ic50	0.1130	uM
3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	1156797: Binding affinity to IL-2 (unknown origin)	kd	0.1200	uM
N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-2-methylphenyl]pyrazine-2-carboxamide	1774679: Inhibition of PHA-stimulated IL2 secretion in human Jurkat T cells preincubated for 10 mins followed by PHA addition and measured after 20 to 24 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.1500	uM
2-chloro-N-[5-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-2-methylphenyl]pyrazin-2-yl]benzamide	1774679: Inhibition of PHA-stimulated IL2 secretion in human Jurkat T cells preincubated for 10 mins followed by PHA addition and measured after 20 to 24 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.1710	uM
N-[5-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-2-methylphenyl]-2-pyridinyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide	1774679: Inhibition of PHA-stimulated IL2 secretion in human Jurkat T cells preincubated for 10 mins followed by PHA addition and measured after 20 to 24 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.1780	uM
(2R)-2-[(4-fluoro-1H-indole-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)propanoic acid	1774671: Binding affinity to L19-IL2 (unknown origin) by fluorescence polarization assay	kd	0.2100	uM
2,6-difluoro-N-[4-[2-methyl-5-(2-oxo-3H-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]phenyl]benzamide	1774679: Inhibition of PHA-stimulated IL2 secretion in human Jurkat T cells preincubated for 10 mins followed by PHA addition and measured after 20 to 24 hrs by ELISA	ic50	0.2270	uM
N-[5-[5-(4-acetylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl]sulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-4-[(3,3-dimethylbutan-2-ylamino)methyl]benzamide	2029693: Inhibition of IL-2 in human Jurkat T cells pretreated with compound for 16 hrs followed by anti-CD3 stimulation by ELISA analysis	ec50	0.2376	uM
(2S)-2-[(4-fluoro-1H-indole-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(3-iodophenyl)propanoic acid	1774671: Binding affinity to L19-IL2 (unknown origin) by fluorescence polarization assay	kd	0.2500	uM
(2S)-2-[(4-fluoro-1H-indole-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)propanoic acid	1774671: Binding affinity to L19-IL2 (unknown origin) by fluorescence polarization assay	kd	0.2500	uM
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-pyridinyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine	2068006: Activation of IL-2 in human Jurkat cells incubated for 24 hrs by ELISA	ec50	0.2750	uM
(2S)-2-[(6-fluoro-1H-indole-2-carbonyl)amino]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)propanoic acid	1774671: Binding affinity to L19-IL2 (unknown origin) by fluorescence polarization assay	kd	0.2800	uM
(2S)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(4-fluoro-1H-indole-2-carbonyl)amino]propanoic acid	1774671: Binding affinity to L19-IL2 (unknown origin) by fluorescence polarization assay	kd	0.3000	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

255 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	increases reaction, affects reaction, increases expression, increases activity, decreases reaction (+4 more)	31
Ionomycin	decreases expression, affects reaction, increases activity, affects cotreatment, increases secretion (+3 more)	20
Lipopolysaccharides	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases secretion, increases reaction, decreases reaction (+1 more)	8
Dexamethasone	increases reaction, decreases response to substance, affects reaction, affects cotreatment, decreases reaction (+4 more)	7
Tacrolimus	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases expression	7
Particulate Matter	increases expression, decreases expression	6
Arsenic	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression, decreases secretion, increases abundance	5
Vehicle Emissions	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	5
Plant Extracts	increases secretion, affects reaction, decreases reaction, affects expression, decreases expression (+2 more)	5
Zinc	affects expression, affects cotreatment, affects reaction, increases expression, decreases expression	5
sodium arsenite	increases expression, decreases reaction, increases secretion, decreases expression, decreases secretion (+2 more)	4
Ribavirin	affects cotreatment, increases reaction, increases secretion, increases expression	4
Tretinoin	decreases activity, increases reaction, increases secretion, decreases expression, increases expression	4
Calcitriol	decreases reaction, increases phosphorylation, decreases expression, decreases secretion	3
Methotrexate	affects reaction, decreases secretion, affects cotreatment, increases expression	3
Cyclosporine	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases expression	3
Sirolimus	affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases expression, increases phosphorylation, decreases response to substance	3
cobaltous chloride	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, decreases secretion	2
nickel chloride	affects cotreatment, increases secretion, decreases reaction, increases activity	2
cordycepin	decreases secretion	2
SB 203580	increases secretion, affects reaction, increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases reaction	2
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases activity, increases phosphorylation, affects cotreatment (+1 more)	2
Calcimycin	affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases expression, increases secretion	2
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases expression, decreases expression	2
Zoledronic Acid	increases reaction, affects expression, affects reaction	2
Alitretinoin	increases reaction, increases secretion, decreases expression	2
Acetylcysteine	decreases reaction, increases phosphorylation, decreases activity, decreases abundance, decreases expression	2
Chloroquine	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Chlorpromazine	increases phosphorylation, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, decreases reaction	2
Coal	decreases expression, increases abundance	2

ChEMBL screening assays

35 unique, capped per target: 34 binding, 1 admet

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL3077408	Binding	Binding affinity to IL2 (unknown origin) assessed as inhibition of binding to IL2 receptor alpha	In vitro and in silico exploration of IL-2 inhibition by small drug-like molecules — Med Chem Res
CHEMBL5029737	ADMET	Induction of stability of human recombinant interleukin 2 assessed as area under curve in Sprague-Dawley rat at 0.8 mg/kg, iv measured up to 24 hrs by ELISA (Rvb= 251.22 +/- 11.60 ng.hr/ml)	Enhancing the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Interleukin 2 through Site-Specific Conjugation to a Selective Small-Molecule Transthyretin Ligand. — J Med Chem

Cellosaurus cell lines

23 cell lines: 23 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_3755	NK-92MI	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_6923	JEG-3/VP16-IL-2	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_A9JC	P815 Hsp65-IL-2	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_B3PC	TR-IL2-NK-92	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_B3PD	TR-IL2-YT	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_C3HM	RCC-26/CD80/IL-2	Cancer cell line
CVCL_E3G7	RenCa/IL2Hi	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_E3G8	RenCa/IL2Mo	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_E4CQ	NCI-H69/IL2	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_E4CR	NCI-H69/IL2/IFN-gamma	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00092183	PHASE4	COMPLETED	An Investigational Drug for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (MK-0869-071)
NCT00128778	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Maintenance Treatment With Liposomal Doxorubicin (Caelyx) in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients
NCT00302120	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	The MONET - Study: MR Mammography of Nonpalpable Breast Tumors
NCT00307606	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Does a Single Steroid Injection Reduce the Formation of Postmastectomy Seroma
NCT00370240	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Chlorhydrate of Ropivacaine and Breast Cancer Surgery
NCT00375752	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Efficacy and Safety of Letrozole vs. Letrozole Plus Zoledronic Acid as Endocrine Therapy Before Surgery in Postmenopausal Patients With Breast Cancer
NCT00575354	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Sevoflurane and Isoflurane Anesthesia for Benign Breast Tumor Excision
NCT00604968	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (Caelyx(R)) as Monotherapy in Elderly Patients With Locally Advanced and/or Metastatic Breast Cancer (Study P05059)
NCT00616135	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Autologous Fat Enhanced w/ Regenerative Cells Transplanted to Reconstruct Breast Deformities After Lumpectomy
NCT00649090	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate the Safety of Adjuvant Treatment With Exemestane Following Previous Treatment With Tamoxifen in Postmenopausal Women With Estrogen Sensitive Primary Breast Cancer
NCT00779285	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Safety Study of CAELYX in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated With Anthracyclines (Study P04057)(TERMINATED)
NCT01176916	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Aromasin® Interventional Study Of Early Invasive Breast Cancer Patients In China
NCT01427400	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	The Use of Botulinum Toxin A in Two-Stage Tissue Expander/ Implant Breast Reconstruction
NCT01849380	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Neoadjuvant ECS Versus ECF in Local Advanced Breast Cancer
NCT01859936	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Will Preoperative MRI Breast in Women Under 56 Years With Breast Cancer Change Primary Treatment
NCT01948960	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Influence of Exceptional Patient Characteristics on Everolimus Exposure
NCT01961544	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Eribulin Mesylate Phase IV Clinical Trial in Korean Patients With Metastatic or Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
NCT01975064	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Cancer and Anesthesia: Survival After Radical Surgery - a Comparison Between Propofol or Sevoflurane Anesthesia
NCT02004834	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Levobupivacaine and Lidocaine for Paravertebral Block Causes Greater Hemodynamic Oscillations Than Levobupivacaine
NCT02372305	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Comparison of FlexHD and Alloderm Outcomes in Breast Reconstructive Surgery
NCT02479347	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Wound Infections in Breast Cancer Surgery After Preoperative Skin Preparation With Chlorhexidine vs. Povidone-iodine
NCT02549677	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Epirubicin Versus Docetaxel Plus Cyclophosphamide in Lymph Node Negative, ER-positive, Her2-negative Breast Cancer
NCT02612870	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Sienna+® Injection Time Study 4 Arms
NCT02627560	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Topical Tranexamic Acid on Bleeding and Seroma Formation in After Undergoing Mastectomy
NCT02661932	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Fertility Preservation in Breast Cancer Patients
NCT02781259	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Selective Lymph Node Dissection Using Fluorescent Dye in Node-positive Breast Cancer
NCT02819921	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Desvenlafaxine for Treatment of Hot Flashes in Women With Breast Cancer Taking Tamoxifen
NCT03220178	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Impact of eHealth-support on Quality of Life in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Palbociclib and Endocrine Therapy
NCT03583944	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Eribulin Mesylate in Treating Adult Females With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer
NCT03586154	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Combined Intra-articular Shoulder Injection and Stellate Ganglion Block in Chronic Post-mastectomy Shoulder Pain
NCT04707196	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Abemaciclib in Indian Women With Advanced Breast Cancer
NCT04931615	PHASE4	COMPLETED	ARTISS a Single-centre Randomised Control Study
NCT05033769	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Assessing ImmunoResponse Post Eribulin: Eribulin and Immunogenicity in Advanced Breast Cancer
NCT05036005	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Neoadjuvant Ontruzant (SB3) in Patients With HER2-positive Early Breast Cancer: An Open-Label (NeoON)
NCT05452213	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Comprehensive Analysis of Spatial, Temporal and Molecular Patterns of Ribociclib Efficacy and Resistance in Advanced Breast Cancer Patients
NCT05465031	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Sacubitril/Valsartan in PriMAry preventIoN of the Cardiotoxicity of Systematic breaST canceR trEAtMent (MAINSTREAM)
NCT05949333	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Reducing Neutropenia Incidence With Pegfilgrastim Administration on Day 3 After Chemotherapy
NCT07158164	PHASE4	RECRUITING	DPYD Pharmacogenomics and Fluoropyrimidine (FP) Dose-Adjustment
NCT07162259	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Cohort Study on Sequential ADC Therapy in HR-positive/HER2-negative Advanced Breast Cancer
NCT00000611	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Women’s Health Initiative (WHI)