IL26

Summary

IL26 (interleukin 26, HGNC:17119) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12q15, encoding Interleukin-26 (Q9NPH9). May play a role in local mechanisms of mucosal immunity and seems to have a pro-inflammatory function.

This gene was identified by its overexpression specifically in herpesvirus samimiri-transformed T cells. The encoded protein is a member of the IL10 family of cytokines. It is a secreted protein and may function as a homodimer. This protein is thought to contribute to the transformed phenotype of T cells after infection by herpesvirus samimiri.

Source: NCBI Gene 55801 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 6
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 32 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_018402

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:17119
Approved symbol	IL26
Name	interleukin 26
Location	12q15
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	AK155, IL-26
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000111536
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	605679
Entrez	55801

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000229134

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_018402 NM_018402

CCDS: CCDS8981

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000229134 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000751695	68225586	68225810
ENSE00000751696	68225444	68225500
ENSE00000751697	68225149	68225283
ENSE00000751698	68202018	68202083
ENSE00000751699	68201349	68201931

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 44 present calls, max score 56.74.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.2045 / max 55.8177, expressed in 41 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (5 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
131964	0.1055	25
131965	0.0553	19
131963	0.0341	12
131962	0.0057	2
131961	0.0040	2

Top tissues by expression

244 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	56.74	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	56.55	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	55.91	silver quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	54.36	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	52.93	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	52.15	silver quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	51.40	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	51.31	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	51.29	silver quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	49.30	gold quality
blood vessel layer	UBERON:0004797	49.29	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	49.20	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	48.92	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	48.89	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	48.87	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	48.83	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	48.55	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	48.50	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	48.47	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	48.46	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	48.25	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	48.24	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	48.20	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	48.06	gold quality
cervix epithelium	UBERON:0004801	48.04	gold quality
tongue squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006919	47.92	gold quality
mucosa of urinary bladder	UBERON:0001259	47.80	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	47.70	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	47.50	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	47.42	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	1.76

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

30 targeting IL26, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4668-3P	100.00	68.74	2635
HSA-MIR-19A-3P	99.98	75.33	2762
HSA-MIR-19B-3P	99.98	75.44	2754
HSA-MIR-12136	99.98	72.81	5713
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-551B-5P	99.96	71.28	3493
HSA-MIR-205-3P	99.92	69.92	3165
HSA-MIR-8063	99.91	69.76	3146
HSA-MIR-9902	99.89	69.15	2250
HSA-MIR-4698	99.84	71.41	4303
HSA-MIR-12129	99.72	67.45	1311
HSA-MIR-561-3P	99.64	70.90	3647
HSA-MIR-4261	99.59	70.30	3415
HSA-MIR-549A-3P	99.54	68.17	825
HSA-MIR-147B-5P	99.45	70.62	2432
HSA-MIR-2116-5P	99.32	69.34	1273
HSA-MIR-1257	98.97	68.02	1133
HSA-MIR-16-1-3P	98.70	69.23	1538
HSA-MIR-1-5P	98.70	68.66	1017
HSA-MIR-3945	98.68	64.21	553
HSA-MIR-1248	98.47	67.54	1314
HSA-MIR-3187-5P	98.36	65.74	1776
HSA-MIR-1285-3P	97.72	67.02	1932
HSA-MIR-5189-5P	97.72	66.96	1814
HSA-MIR-4797-3P	97.48	67.14	989
HSA-MIR-5187-3P	97.28	67.10	1037
HSA-MIR-612	97.26	65.95	1597
HSA-MIR-6860	97.21	66.31	1656
HSA-MIR-3184-3P	96.96	66.91	845
HSA-MIR-151A-3P	95.52	65.29	516

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 36)

• common polymorphisms in the IFNgamma/IL-26 gene region may contribute to sex bias in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, by distorting the propensity of female carriers versus male carriers to contract this disease. (PMID:14558082)
• The active receptor complex for IL-26 is a heterodimer composed of two receptor proteins: IL-20 receptor 1 and IL-10 receptor 2. Signaling through the IL-26 receptor results in activation of STAT1 and STAT3. (PMID:14764663)
• sensitivity to recombinant interleukin-26(IL-26) of various cell lines strictly correlated with the expression of IL-20 receptor 1 and blocking antibodies against either IL-10 receptor 2 or IL-20 receptor 1 inhibited IL-26-dependent signal transduction (PMID:15178681)
• Identify a second enhancer element positioned between IL26 and IFNG required for both IL26 and IFNG expression. One function of this enhancer is to facilitate recruitment of RNA polymerase II to promoters of both genes. (PMID:22622197)
• IL-26 appears as a novel proinflammatory cytokine, located upstream of the proinflammatory cascade, that may constitute a promising target to treat rheumatoid arthritis and chronic inflammatory disorders. (PMID:23055831)
• IL-26 differentially modulates the infection by different enveloped viruses. (PMID:23875025)
• The negative influence of IL-26 on the anti-mycobacterial activity and its constitutive presence in both serum and monocyte supernatants prompt a proposal that IL26 as a candidate gene for tuberculosis susceptibility. (PMID:25157980)
• IL-26 is emerging as a potentially important player in host defense and may also be a pathogenic factor in the chronic inflammatory disorders of humans. [Review] (PMID:26202572)
• this study shows that single nucleotide polymorphism near IL-26 gene is associated with familial vitiligo and existence of halo nevi in Estonian patients (PMID:26429320)
• Our study indicates that IL-26 is a potential biomarker of disease severity in pediatric asthma without signs of Th2-mediated inflammation. (PMID:27029915)
• this study shows that IL-26 is a unique cationic protein more similar to a soluble pattern recognition receptor than to conventional cytokines (PMID:28356384)
• IL-26 levels are higher in synovial fluid compared to plasma in spondyloarthritis. IL-26 was identified in axial facet joints of spondyloarthritis patients. Myofibroblasts from the spondyloarthritis synovium produce large amounts of IL-26. IL-26 induces bone mineralization in human osteoblasts. (PMID:28365787)
• this paper shows that IL-26 is overexpressed in Behcet’s disease and enhances Th17 related -cytokines (PMID:28811236)
• IL-26 activates STAT1/3 and leads to the induction of IL-6 and IL-8 expression in non-transformed cells derived from human colon. (PMID:28852311)
• The varIL26 genotype is associated with reduced PMN capacity to kill bacteria. A varIL26 genotype is associated with decreased levels of anti-TNF-alpha in CD patients. IL26 may help explain the role of bactDNA as a risk factor of flare in CD patients. (PMID:28879509)
• non-specific T-cell killing represents an efficient amplification mechanism of the initially Ag-specific allergic reaction. Our findings suggest that IL-26 could play a crucial role in this amplification mechanism being an allergen independent cytokine highly expressed in ACD patients and constitutively ready to act in complex killing system proper of this disease. (PMID:29498775)
• increased in airways by long-term but not by short-term tobacco smoking (PMID:29780024)
• IL-26 acted directly on vascular endothelial cells, promoting proliferation and tube formation, possibly through protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and NF-kappaB pathways (PMID:30423328)
• A new T helper 17 cytokine in hidradenitis suppurativa: antimicrobial and proinflammatory role of interleukin-26. (PMID:30829398)
• IL-26 promotes IL-22 secretion and Th22 generation by CD4(+) T cells isolated from tuberculous pleural effusion patients. IL-26 may play an active role in the pathogenesis of tuberculous pleurisy. (PMID:30834948)
• the Th17 cytokine IL-26 contributes to host defense against intracellular bacteria (PMID:30939123)
• IL-26 is an independent prognostic factor indicating unfavorable prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with liver resection. (PMID:30956053)
• Increased IL-26 Expression Promotes T Helper Type 17- and T Helper Type 2-Associated Cytokine Production by Keratinocytes in Atopic Dermatitis. (PMID:31465744)
• An observational study suggests IL-26 as a novel potential indicator for inflammation in chronic HBV infection and provides some new information about the mechanism underlying the serum IL-26 elevation in chronic hepatitis B patients. (PMID:31895778)
• Interleukin 26 Skews Macrophage Polarization Towards M1 Phenotype by Activating cJUN and the NF-kappaB Pathway. (PMID:32290250)
• IL26, a Noncanonical Mediator of DNA Inflammatory Stimulation, Promotes TNBC Engraftment and Progression in Association with Neutrophils. (PMID:32366475)
• IL-26 gene variants and protein expression in Tunisian asthmatic patients. (PMID:32683104)
• Interleukin-26 activates macrophages and facilitates killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (PMID:33057074)
• Serum Interleukin-26 Is a New Biomarker for Disease Activity Assessment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. (PMID:34054830)
• Interleukin-26 Has Synergistic Catabolic Effects with Palmitate in Human Articular Chondrocytes via the TLR4-ERK1/2-c-Jun Signaling Pathway. (PMID:34572149)
• Complex Involvement of Interleukin-26 in Bacterial Lung Infection. (PMID:34777376)
• Interleukin-26-DNA complexes promote inflammation and dermal-epidermal separation in a modified human cryosection model of bullous pemphigoid. (PMID:36311716)
• IL-26 modulates T cell function in autoimmune hepatitis. (PMID:37155188)
• Systemic IL-26 correlates with improved asthma control in children sensitized to dog allergen. (PMID:38622712)
• Increased interleukin-26 in the peripheral joints of patients with axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis, co-localizing with CD68-positive synoviocytes. (PMID:38799447)
• The evolving landscape of IL-10, IL-22 and IL-26 in pleurisy especially in tuberculous pleurisy. (PMID:39003443)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Paralogs (4): IL10 (ENSG00000136634), IL19 (ENSG00000142224), IL20 (ENSG00000162891), IL24 (ENSG00000162892)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Interleukin-26 — Q9NPH9 (reviewed: Q9NPH9)

Alternative names: Protein AK155

All UniProt accessions (2): Q9NPH9, A0A7R8GUW8

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May play a role in local mechanisms of mucosal immunity and seems to have a pro-inflammatory function. May play a role in inflammatory bowel disease. Activates STAT1 and STAT3, MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2), JUN and AKT. Induces expression of SOCS3, TNF and IL-8, secretion of IL-8 and IL-10 and surface expression of ICAM1. Decreases proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. Is inhibited by heparin.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in HVS transformed T-cells but not other T-cell lines or primary stimulated T-cells. Expressed in colonic T-cells including Th17 inflammatory T-cells; the expression is significantly increased in serum of patients with Crohn’s disease (at protein level).

Induction. By Herpesvirus saimiri infection.

Similarity. Belongs to the IL-10 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_060872* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR009079	4_helix_cytokine-like_core	Homologous_superfamily
IPR020423	IL-10_CS	Conserved_site
IPR020443	IL-10/19/20/24/26	Family

Pfam: PF00726

UniProt features (2 total): signal peptide 1, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9NPH9-F1	85.81	0.68

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-8854691	Interleukin-20 family signaling

MSigDB gene sets: 77 (showing top): GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_EPITHELIAL_CELL_PROLIFERATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_STRESS_ACTIVATED_PROTEIN_KINASE_SIGNALING_CASCADE, REACTOME_CYTOKINE_SIGNALING_IN_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_MAPK_CASCADE, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CYTOKINE_PRODUCTION, GOBP_CELL_SURFACE_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY_VIA_JAK_STAT, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_STRESS_ACTIVATED_PROTEIN_KINASE_SIGNALING_CASCADE, GOBP_CELL_CELL_SIGNALING, GOBP_PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL_3_KINASE_PROTEIN_KINASE_B_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, GOBP_CYTOKINE_PRODUCTION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_RESPONSE_TO_STRESS, NIKOLSKY_BREAST_CANCER_12Q13_Q21_AMPLICON, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_INTRACELLULAR_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL_3_KINASE_PROTEIN_KINASE_B_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION

GO Biological Process (10): positive regulation of cytokine production (GO:0001819), immune response (GO:0006955), cell-cell signaling (GO:0007267), positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade (GO:0032874), positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944), positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT (GO:0046427), negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation (GO:0050680), positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction (GO:0051897), positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade (GO:0070374), signal transduction (GO:0007165)

GO Molecular Function (1): cytokine activity (GO:0005125)

GO Cellular Component (3): extracellular region (GO:0005576), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), cytosol (GO:0005829)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Signaling by Interleukins	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cell communication	2
signaling	2
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
cytokine production	1
regulation of cytokine production	1
positive regulation of gene expression	1
positive regulation of multicellular organismal process	1
immune system process	1
response to stimulus	1
regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade	1
stress-activated MAPK cascade	1
positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade	1
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	1
transcription by RNA polymerase II	1
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	1
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	1
regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	1
positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT	1
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	1
epithelial cell proliferation	1
regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	1
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	1
regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	1
positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction	1
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	1
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	1
cellular process	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
receptor ligand activity	1
cytoplasm	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

806 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
IL26	IL10RB	Q08334	993
IL26	IL20RA	Q9UHF4	980
IL26	IL22RA1	Q8N6P7	921
IL26	IL20RB	Q6UXL0	896
IL26	IL19	Q9UHD0	887
IL26	IL22	Q9GZX6	831
IL26	IL24	Q13007	824
IL26	IFNLR1	Q8IU57	820
IL26	IL10RA	Q13651	807
IL26	IL17A	Q16552	799
IL26	IFNL2	Q8IZJ0	799
IL26	IFNL1	Q8IU54	797
IL26	IL17F	Q96PD4	741
IL26	IL23R	Q5VWK5	734
IL26	IFNL3	Q8IZI9	724

IntAct

2 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
IL26	YLPM1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (8): CASP6 (Affinity Capture-MS), C11orf84 (Affinity Capture-MS), YLPM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), RBMXL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ARGLU1 (Affinity Capture-MS), S100P (Reconstituted Complex), S100A6 (Reconstituted Complex), APP (Reconstituted Complex)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2T6Z6, A7UHZ5, O35256, O35257, O46673, O77812, O97798, P01574, P01575, P01576, P01577, P01578, P03180, P05012, P09320, P0C6Z6, P0CAP9, P0DMS7, P18121, P18893, P18917, P29456, P34207, P46651, P47965, P48411, P51496, P51497, P55029, P68677, P68678, P70499, P79338, Q07370, Q0Z972, Q29055, Q5Q0V6, Q6XZW6, Q7TSL0, Q80ZF2

Diamond homologs: A2T6Z6, P03180, P0C6Z6, P0CAP9, P22301, Q9NPH9

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
IL26	up-regulates	IL10RB	binding
IL26	up-regulates	IL20RA	binding

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

32 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	30
Likely benign	1
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

425 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
12:68201932:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:68225147:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
12:68225148:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
12:68225148:CA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
12:68225148:CACA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
12:68201927:CCAAT:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
12:68201928:CAAT:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
12:68201928:CAATC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
12:68201929:AATCT:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
12:68201930:ATC:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
12:68201931:TC:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
12:68201932:C:CG	acceptor_loss	0.9900
12:68201933:T:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900
12:68202016:AC:A	donor_gain	0.9900
12:68202017:CC:C	donor_gain	0.9900
12:68225140:TATAC:T	donor_loss	0.9900
12:68225141:ATAC:A	donor_loss	0.9900
12:68225142:TACTT:T	donor_loss	0.9900
12:68225143:ACTT:A	donor_loss	0.9900
12:68225144:C:CA	donor_loss	0.9900
12:68225145:TTACA:T	donor_loss	0.9900
12:68225146:TA:T	donor_loss	0.9900
12:68225146:TAC:T	donor_gain	0.9900
12:68225147:A:G	donor_loss	0.9900
12:68225147:ACA:A	donor_gain	0.9900
12:68225148:C:T	donor_loss	0.9900
12:68225148:CAC:C	donor_gain	0.9900
12:68225148:CACAG:C	donor_gain	0.9900
12:68225279:TTTTT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
12:68225280:TTTT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

1136 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
12:68201908:T:A	K151N	0.969
12:68201908:T:G	K151N	0.969
12:68225248:G:C	F88L	0.944
12:68225248:G:T	F88L	0.944
12:68225250:A:G	F88L	0.944
12:68225475:A:G	L66S	0.940
12:68201897:T:A	E155V	0.910
12:68202024:A:C	F141L	0.905
12:68202024:A:T	F141L	0.905
12:68202026:A:G	F141L	0.905
12:68201877:A:G	W162R	0.898
12:68201877:A:T	W162R	0.898
12:68225472:A:G	L67S	0.897
12:68225447:A:C	F75L	0.888
12:68225447:A:T	F75L	0.888
12:68225449:A:G	F75L	0.888
12:68201909:T:A	K151I	0.883
12:68201907:C:G	A152P	0.864
12:68202033:T:A	K138N	0.861
12:68202033:T:G	K138N	0.861
12:68201897:T:G	E155A	0.853
12:68225448:A:G	F75S	0.839
12:68225249:A:G	F88S	0.838
12:68225598:T:A	K53N	0.838
12:68225598:T:G	K53N	0.838
12:68202034:T:A	K138I	0.833
12:68201894:A:G	L156P	0.832
12:68225245:G:C	F89L	0.830
12:68225245:G:T	F89L	0.830
12:68225247:A:G	F89L	0.830

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000007312 (12:68225249 A>G), RS1000134161 (12:68226783 T>C), RS1000371251 (12:68219284 T>C), RS1000437279 (12:68201447 T>G), RS1000447960 (12:68220390 A>T), RS1000508549 (12:68202976 A>T), RS1000539942 (12:68207623 T>A,C), RS1000648843 (12:68214029 C>G), RS1000870922 (12:68215205 A>G), RS1000942378 (12:68214828 C>T), RS1000969704 (12:68220950 T>G), RS1001059942 (12:68222047 A>C), RS1001163295 (12:68207379 AC>A), RS1001254848 (12:68220708 C>A), RS1001386441 (12:68222418 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:605679 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

6 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000311_11	Ulcerative colitis	5.000000e-07
GCST000311_2	Ulcerative colitis	3.000000e-12
GCST000624_12	Ulcerative colitis	4.000000e-12
GCST000964_37	Ulcerative colitis	1.000000e-16
GCST001725_19	Inflammatory bowel disease	9.000000e-32
GCST004866_10	Alopecia areata	4.000000e-07

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

10 total (human), top 10 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
2,5,2’,5’-tetrachlorobiphenyl	increases expression	1
pentanal	decreases expression	1
Arsenic Trioxide	increases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	1
Cadmium	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Mustard Gas	increases expression	1
Nickel	increases expression	1
Dinoprostone	decreases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	increases abundance, increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.