IL5

Summary

IL5 (interleukin 5, HGNC:6016) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 5q31.1, encoding Interleukin-5 (P05113). Homodimeric cytokine expressed predominantly by T-lymphocytes and NK cells that plays an important role in the survival, differentiation, and chemotaxis of eosinophils.

This gene encodes a cytokine that acts as a growth and differentiation factor for both B cells and eosinophils. The encoded cytokine plays a major role in the regulation of eosinophil formation, maturation, recruitment and survival. The increased production of this cytokine may be related to pathogenesis of eosinophil-dependent inflammatory diseases. This cytokine functions by binding to its receptor, which is a heterodimer, whose beta subunit is shared with the receptors for interleukine 3 (IL3) and colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2/GM-CSF). This gene is located on chromosome 5 within a cytokine gene cluster which includes interleukin 4 (IL4), interleukin 13 (IL13), and CSF2 . This gene, IL4, and IL13 may be regulated coordinately by long-range regulatory elements spread over 120 kilobases on chromosome 5q31.

Source: NCBI Gene 3567 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 10
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 16 total
• Druggable target: yes — 1 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• MANE Select transcript: NM_000879

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:6016
Approved symbol	IL5
Name	interleukin 5
Location	5q31.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	IL-5, EDF, TRF
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000113525
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	147850
Entrez	3567

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 4 — 3 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000231454, ENST00000450655, ENST00000462418, ENST00000877569

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_000879 NM_000879

CCDS: CCDS4156

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000231454 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000763102	132543094	132543126
ENSE00000763103	132542015	132542143
ENSE00000854387	132541445	132541909
ENSE00000854388	132543335	132543522

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 153 present calls, max score 73.67.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.7288 / max 528.1124, expressed in 29 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
63338	0.6930	17
63339	0.0358	12

Top tissues by expression

291 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	73.67	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	72.33	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	69.93	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	64.00	gold quality
tendon	UBERON:0000043	62.67	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	62.21	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	60.51	gold quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	60.48	silver quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	60.23	silver quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	59.86	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	59.05	silver quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	54.88	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	54.30	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	53.51	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	53.13	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	52.92	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	52.36	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	51.72	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	51.24	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	50.81	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	50.76	gold quality
metanephros	UBERON:0000081	50.45	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	50.41	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	50.38	gold quality
middle frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002702	50.30	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	50.27	gold quality
paraflocculus	UBERON:0005351	50.18	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	50.18	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	49.98	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	49.74	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-29	yes	31001.64
E-CURD-84	yes	1139.79
E-ANND-3	no	2.23

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AP1, BCL6, BHLHE41, CEBPA, CEBPB, CEBPG, CTCF, ELF1, EOMES, EP300, ETS1, ETS2, FOS, FOSL2, FOXA2, FOXA3, FOXC1, GATA1, GATA2, GATA3, GATA4, GFI1, HAND1, HAND2, HDAC4, HMGB1, HNF4A, IRF1, IRF6, JUN, JUNB, JUND, KAT7, LEF1, MAF, MYB, NFAM1, NFATC1, NFATC2, NFATC3

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

20 targeting IL5, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-12136	99.98	72.81	5713
HSA-MIR-3658	99.96	73.87	4379
HSA-MIR-3143	99.93	71.96	3104
HSA-MIR-8084	99.73	69.57	1760
HSA-MIR-4699-3P	99.71	70.15	3142
HSA-MIR-6892-3P	99.68	66.40	1178
HSA-MIR-5003-5P	99.61	69.13	1624
HSA-MIR-17-3P	99.55	66.77	1311
HSA-MIR-642A-5P	99.51	65.10	1152
HSA-MIR-3128	99.50	67.85	1258
HSA-MIR-766-5P	99.47	67.91	2225
HSA-MIR-4762-3P	99.43	69.72	2363
HSA-MIR-4279	99.19	66.70	2437
HSA-MIR-548L	99.06	70.90	2560
HSA-MIR-1304-3P	98.29	66.44	1207
HSA-MIR-647	97.73	67.79	927
HSA-MIR-4670-3P	97.37	68.35	1378
HSA-MIR-3116	97.07	65.78	1324
HSA-MIR-2276-5P	96.27	65.85	937

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• inhibition of signaling by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting the common beta chain of receptors (PMID:11763346)
• data indicate that ability to produce the type 2 cytokines IL-13 and IL-5 defines CD161(+) NK cells at intermediate stages of differentiation, and is lost upon terminal functional differentiation, concomitant with acquired ability to produce IFN-gamma (PMID:11830476)
• CD4(+) T cells are the major source of IL-5 among CD3(+) lymphocytes in atopic asthmatic subjects, whereas in nonatopic asthmatic subjects CD8 (+) T cells as well as CD4(+) T cells contribute to the increased production of IL-5 (PMID:11842300)
• By itself, IL5 increases nerve growth factor level in eosinophils, but in combination with immune complexes, significantly reduces eosinophil NGF levels. (PMID:11877300)
• in asthma Il-5 might directly induce bronchial hyperresponsiveness (PMID:11897983)
• A putative Bcl6-binding silencer element has been identified in the 3’ untranslated region of IL-5 cDNA. (PMID:12097386)
• the AP-1 complex plays a key role in regulating IL5 expression- this provides an explanation for the sensitivity of IL5 to protein synthesis inhibitors and a mechanism for the specific induction of IL5 compared with other cytokines. (PMID:12354764)
• expression of mRNA for IL-4, IL-5, TGF-beta1, IFN-gamma in patients with cicatricial pemphigoid (PMID:12366695)
• Constitutive overexpression of human IL-5 in transgenic mice induces migration of bone marrow progenitor cells to the spleen and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen. (PMID:12393708)
• IL-5 down-modulates its receptor via a proteinase-mediated process. (PMID:12444155)
• Protease allergen Der p1 and the secreted proteases of the hookworm Necator americanus are able to directly induce type 2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 by basophils, that could promote IgE synthesis, eosinophil recruitment, and Th2 cells. (PMID:12525574)
• Increased IL-5 expression in muscle of eosinophilic myositis patients correlates with the presence of activated eosinophilic granules and the release of eosinophilic major basic protein in muscle biopsy specimens. (PMID:12534990)
• This is the first evidence of an association between the IL5 gene polymorphism and bronchial asthma (PMID:12575459)
• Incubation of eosinophils with IL-5 leads to reduced expression of IL-5R alpha, which is sustained for up to 5 days; eosinophil IL-3R alpha expression is increased by IL-5, whereas GM-CSF receptor alpha expression is not affected by IL-5. (PMID:12759409)
• IL-5 gene transcription in human asthmatic peripheral T cells in vivo clearly demonstrate that an interaction with monocytes enhances IL-5 gene transcription. (PMID:12771545)
• In all three groups of patients significant correlation was seen between abundance of IL-2 vs. IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, or TNF-alpha, between IL-4 vs. IL-10, and between TNF-alpha vs. INF-gamma (PMID:12851716)
• Results show that the expression of interleukin-5 mRNA in mild asthma differed from that in severe and moderate asthma before and after corticosteroid treatment. (PMID:12910312)
• IL-5 and eotaxin are associated with acute exacerbation of asthma. (PMID:12915771)
• Hematopoietin receptor superfamily. Comprised of cytokine-specific alpha chain and common beta chain for signaling. Contributes to differentiation and function of leukocytes. Protective immunity and pathophysiology of immunologic diseases. Review. (PMID:14564341)
• IL5 gene may play a role in blood eosinophilia associated with atopic dermatitis (PMID:14581138)
• Results identify several transcriptional targets of interleukin-5 and granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor in human eosinophils and suggest that a number of protein products are critical to the responsiveness of airway eosinophils. (PMID:14630612)
• skin mast cells precultured in the presence of IL-4 [alone or plus stem cell factor (SCF)] before anti-IgE stimulation, acquired the ability to produce IL-5, and IL-1beta was concomitantly suppressed (PMID:14634065)
• Significantly higher levels were found in soluble egg antigen-stimulated PBMC from schistosomiasis mansoni patients with degree III hepatic fibrosis compared to patients with degree I or II fibrosis, and in patients untreated for 1 year. (PMID:15155645)
• histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity of CBP/p300 was required to activate IL-5 expression (PMID:15271374)
• exposure of human mast cells to IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma during growth and differentiation generally down-regulated mast cell number and function (PMID:15367434)
• IL-5 induces the protein expression of cyclin D3 and the kinase Pim-1, both of which are regulated by STAT-dependent processes in airway and blood eosinophils. (PMID:15528381)
• IL-5 acts as a triggering factor in the toxiallergic complaints commonly seen in helminth and protozoon infections. (PMID:15534922)
• Up-regulated by a conserved upstream enhancer with two potential GATA-3-binding sites (PMID:15549733)
• GATA-3 contributed to the production of IL-4, IL-5 in patients with allergic rhinitis. (PMID:15563083)
• extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated adhesion of beta(2)-integrin caused by IL-5 is mediated in human eosinophils by a class IA PI3K through activation of a PKCdelta pathway (PMID:15802551)
• analysis of IL5 induction of activation of the multisubunit receptor system using an interleukin-5 mimetic peptide (PMID:15826943)
• interleukin-5 transcription repression by the glucocorticoid receptor targets GATA3 signaling and involves histone deacetylase recruitment (PMID:15826950)
• Topical steroid treatment may suppress IL-5 gene expression, and steroids may inhibit eosinophil functions in nasal polyps. (PMID:15835818)
• Allergen-specific T cell lines induced in the presence of salmeterol and fluticasone proprionate inhibited IL-5 and IL-13 production by allergen-specific Th2 cell lines in an IL-10-dependent manner (PMID:15845862)
• Interleukin 5 plays a role in colonic carcinogenesis from ulcerative colitis by interacting with IGF-II. (PMID:15935984)
• Polymorphisms in the IL5 gene were associated with each other in whites and African Americans. (PMID:15951665)
• This Th2 cytokine is possibly involved in the modulation of lung graft transplantation tolerance. (PMID:15964392)
• These data suggest that during a respiratory virus infection activated CD8+ T cells from asthmatic subjects may produce excess type 2 cytokines and may contribute to asthma exacerbation by augmenting allergic inflammation. (PMID:16001979)
• Eosinophils from asthmatics release IL-5 in an autocrine fashion to act on their own IL-5 receptors in prevention of apoptosis through the upregulation of Bcl-2 expression. (PMID:16036415)
• Sputum IL-13, but not IL-5, is inversely correlated with the provocative concentration of a substance causing a 20% fall in FEV1 for methacholine in asthmatic patients (PMID:16236836)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Il5	ENSMUSG00000036117
rattus_norvegicus	Il5	ENSRNOG00000008111

Protein

Protein identifiers

Interleukin-5 — P05113 (reviewed: P05113)

Alternative names: B-cell differentiation factor I, Eosinophil differentiation factor, T-cell replacing factor

All UniProt accessions (2): P05113, C9JQP9

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Homodimeric cytokine expressed predominantly by T-lymphocytes and NK cells that plays an important role in the survival, differentiation, and chemotaxis of eosinophils. Also acts on activated and resting B-cells to induce immunoglobulin production, growth, and differentiation. Mechanistically, exerts its biological effects through a receptor composed of IL5RA subunit and the cytokine receptor common subunit beta/CSF2RB. Binding to the receptor leads to activation of various kinases including LYN, SYK and JAK2 and thereby propagates signals through the RAS-MAPK and JAK-STAT5 pathways respectively.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with IL5RA. Interacts with CSF2RB.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Similarity. Belongs to the IL-5 family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P05113-1	1	yes
P05113-2	2, delta2, hIL-5delta2

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_000870* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000186	IL-5	Family
IPR009079	4_helix_cytokine-like_core	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF02025

UniProt features (18 total): helix 6, strand 3, glycosylation site 2, disulfide bond 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, site 1, splice variant 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

5 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
9GVN	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.93
1HUL	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.4
3QT2	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.55
3VA2	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
8TLD	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.6

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P05113-F1	87.07	0.76

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 90 (not glycosylated)

Disulfide bonds (2): 63, 105

Glycosylation sites (2): 22, 47

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-512988	Interleukin-3, Interleukin-5 and GM-CSF signaling
R-HSA-5673001	RAF/MAP kinase cascade
R-HSA-912526	Interleukin receptor SHC signaling
R-HSA-9976102	Differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells to T helper 2 cells (Th2 cells)

MSigDB gene sets: 268 (showing top): GOBP_MYELOID_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ACTIVATION, REACTOME_INTERLEUKIN_2_FAMILY_SIGNALING, FUNG_IL2_SIGNALING_2, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_HEMOPOIESIS, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_PODOSOME_ASSEMBLY, REACTOME_CYTOKINE_SIGNALING_IN_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_PEPTIDE, GOBP_B_CELL_ACTIVATION, GOBP_B_CELL_PROLIFERATION, GOMF_GROWTH_FACTOR_ACTIVITY, GOBP_MYELOID_LEUKOCYTE_DIFFERENTIATION, PID_REG_GR_PATHWAY

GO Biological Process (13): positive regulation of immunoglobulin production (GO:0002639), inflammatory response (GO:0006954), immune response (GO:0006955), positive regulation of B cell proliferation (GO:0030890), interleukin-5-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0038043), positive regulation of eosinophil differentiation (GO:0045645), positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944), positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT (GO:0046427), positive regulation of podosome assembly (GO:0071803), signal transduction (GO:0007165), positive regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008284), cytokine-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0019221), eosinophil differentiation (GO:0030222)

GO Molecular Function (4): cytokine activity (GO:0005125), interleukin-5 receptor binding (GO:0005137), growth factor activity (GO:0008083), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): extracellular region (GO:0005576), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-5 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Signaling by Interleukins	1
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling	1
Interleukin-2 family signaling	1
Interleukin-3, Interleukin-5 and GM-CSF signaling	1
Differentiation of T cells	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
receptor ligand activity	2
immunoglobulin production	1
regulation of immunoglobulin production	1
positive regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response	1
defense response	1
immune system process	1
response to stimulus	1
regulation of B cell proliferation	1
B cell proliferation	1
positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation	1
positive regulation of B cell activation	1
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	1
eosinophil differentiation	1
positive regulation of granulocyte differentiation	1
regulation of eosinophil differentiation	1
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	1
transcription by RNA polymerase II	1
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	1
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	1
regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	1
positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT	1
positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	1
podosome assembly	1
regulation of podosome assembly	1
positive regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
cell population proliferation	1
regulation of cell population proliferation	1
positive regulation of cellular process	1
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	1
cellular response to cytokine stimulus	1
granulocyte differentiation	1
cell development	1
cytokine receptor binding	1
growth factor receptor binding	1
binding	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2556 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
IL5	IL2	P01585	999
IL5	IL3	P08700	999
IL5	IL1B	P01584	998
IL5	IL5RA	Q01344	998
IL5	IL7	P13232	995
IL5	IL9	P15248	991
IL5	CSF2	P04141	988
IL5	IL13	P35225	987
IL5	IL4	P05112	983
IL5	IL10	P22301	983
IL5	IL6	P05231	977
IL5	IFNG	P01579	959
IL5	CSF2RB	P32927	953
IL5	IL33	O95760	936
IL5	CCL11	P50877	934

IntAct

9 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
IL5	IL5RA	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.620
IL5RA	IL5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.520
CSF2RB	IL5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.520
IL5	IL5RA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.520

BioGRID (10): IL5 (Reconstituted Complex), IL5RA (Reconstituted Complex), IL5RA (Co-fractionation), IL5RA (Reconstituted Complex), IL5RA (Reconstituted Complex), IL5 (Reconstituted Complex), IL5 (Affinity Capture-Western), IL5 (Co-crystal Structure), S100P (Reconstituted Complex), S100A6 (Reconstituted Complex)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A140LIA7, B6CKP4, O02720, O02750, O08987, O42164, P04141, P04401, P05113, P08700, P20109, P35225, P41159, P41160, P42203, P46652, P46685, P47966, P48093, P50595, P50596, P51492, P51748, P61126, Q0MUT8, Q1XG29, Q257X2, Q28504, Q28603, Q28809, Q29406, Q4KM46, Q588G0, Q5I6E4, Q5J732, Q62575, Q6EBC2, Q706D0, Q706D1, Q864V6

Diamond homologs: O02699, O08987, O77515, P04401, P05113, P46685, P48093, P52173, Q08125, Q28586, Q62575, Q95J76, Q9ESI9, Q9MYM5, Q9XT91

SIGNOR signaling

3 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
IL5	up-regulates	AKT1
Degranulation	“up-regulates quantity”	IL5
IL5	up-regulates	IL5RA	binding

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

16 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	10
Likely benign	2
Benign	4

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

198 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
5:132541908:TT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:132541908:TTC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:132541909:TCTGT:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:132541910:C:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:132541910:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:132541911:T:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:132541912:G:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:132541912:G:GC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:132543092:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
5:132543093:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
5:132543331:TTACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
5:132543332:TACCT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
5:132543333:AC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
5:132543334:CCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
5:132541905:TTTTT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:132541906:TTTT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:132541907:TTT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:132542013:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
5:132542014:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
5:132542144:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:132543093:CA:C	donor_gain	0.9900
5:132543125:GTCT:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900
5:132543126:TCTGG:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
5:132543127:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:132543127:CTGGA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
5:132543128:T:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
5:132543333:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
5:132543334:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
5:132543336:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9900
5:132542975:CCA:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800

AlphaMissense

866 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
5:132541871:G:C	F115L	0.984
5:132541871:G:T	F115L	0.984
5:132541873:A:G	F115L	0.984
5:132541850:A:C	F122L	0.982
5:132541850:A:T	F122L	0.982
5:132541852:A:G	F122L	0.982
5:132541860:A:G	L119P	0.975
5:132541872:A:G	F115S	0.971
5:132541872:A:C	F115C	0.969
5:132542133:C:G	C63S	0.962
5:132542134:A:T	C63S	0.962
5:132542049:A:G	L91S	0.960
5:132541851:A:G	F122S	0.958
5:132542134:A:G	C63R	0.955
5:132542117:A:C	F68L	0.953
5:132542117:A:T	F68L	0.953
5:132542119:A:G	F68L	0.953
5:132542132:G:C	C63W	0.950
5:132542133:C:T	C63Y	0.939
5:132541851:A:C	F122C	0.938
5:132541902:C:G	C105S	0.935
5:132541903:A:T	C105S	0.935
5:132542118:A:C	F68C	0.932
5:132542057:G:C	F88L	0.930
5:132542057:G:T	F88L	0.930
5:132542059:A:G	F88L	0.930
5:132541848:A:T	L123H	0.927
5:132543116:A:G	I52T	0.920
5:132543369:A:G	L37P	0.919
5:132541903:A:G	C105R	0.918

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000046035 (5:132547144 C>T), RS1000395478 (5:132546810 G>A), RS1000776235 (5:132547801 G>A), RS1000937543 (5:132555007 G>T), RS1000989864 (5:132555291 C>T), RS1001179238 (5:132544155 C>T), RS1001285778 (5:132544505 A>G), RS1001337024 (5:132557895 T>G), RS1001460012 (5:132548651 G>C), RS1001550569 (5:132543763 G>T), RS1001837716 (5:132551561 CATGT>C), RS1001851787 (5:132556021 A>C), RS1001939635 (5:132543460 A>G), RS1001961701 (5:132549634 T>A,G), RS1002012599 (5:132549978 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:147850 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

10 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000339_3	Eosinophil count	1.000000e-10
GCST001725_83	Inflammatory bowel disease	1.000000e-52
GCST003097_14	Pediatric autoimmune diseases	2.000000e-09
GCST005790_50	Rosacea symptom severity	5.000000e-08
GCST005975_11	Eosinophil count	9.000000e-19
GCST008916_34	Asthma	2.000000e-09
GCST008916_99	Asthma	6.000000e-32
GCST009798_69	Asthma	1.000000e-26
GCST009798_75	Asthma	9.000000e-24
GCST90002381_387	Eosinophil count	8.000000e-148

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004842	eosinophil count
EFO:0009180	rosacea severity measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL1169600 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

1 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 72,936 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL1370	BUDESONIDE	4	72,936

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs2069812	IL5		0.00	0

ChEMBL bioactivities

2 potent at pChembl≥5 of 3 total, top 2 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
5.70	IC50	2000	nM	CHEMBL5440921
5.40	IC50	4000	nM	CHEMBL2377405

PubChem BioAssay actives

2 with measured affinity, of 4 total; 2 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
7-methyl-2-methylidenefuro[3,2-h]isoquinolin-3-one	2005357: Inhibition of IL-5 (unknown origin)	ic50	2.0000	uM
5-(cyclohexylmethoxy)-3-[3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]chromen-4-one	2038001: Inhibition of IL-5 (unknown origin)	ic50	4.0000	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

136 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Dexamethasone	decreases expression, decreases reaction, decreases secretion, decreases stability, affects cotreatment (+1 more)	10
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases expression, increases secretion	7
nickel sulfate	decreases reaction, increases secretion	5
Vehicle Emissions	increases expression, decreases expression, decreases secretion, increases abundance, affects cotreatment	5
Particulate Matter	decreases reaction, decreases secretion, increases abundance, affects cotreatment, increases expression (+1 more)	5
Calcimycin	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases reaction, affects abundance, affects chemical synthesis (+1 more)	4
Lipopolysaccharides	decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases secretion, affects response to substance, increases expression	4
Tacrolimus	affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases expression, decreases expression	4
Cyclosporine	increases expression, decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases secretion, affects cotreatment	4
Nickel	increases expression, increases secretion	3
Ozone	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	3
Tretinoin	decreases activity, decreases reaction, increases expression	3
Ionomycin	affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases expression, increases secretion	3
kaempferol	decreases reaction, increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
bisphenol A	decreases expression, decreases methylation	2
Amb a I protein, Ambrosia artemisiifolia	increases expression, decreases reaction, affects cotreatment	2
montelukast	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Fluticasone	decreases reaction, increases expression, decreases expression	2
Terbinafine	decreases expression, decreases reaction, decreases secretion	2
Atrazine	decreases expression	2
Beclomethasone	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases secretion, decreases expression	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression, increases methylation	2
Ketoconazole	decreases expression, decreases reaction, decreases secretion	2
Miconazole	decreases reaction, decreases secretion, decreases expression	2
Nitric Oxide	increases abundance, decreases secretion, affects cotreatment	2
Prednisone	decreases expression	2
Quercetin	increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, decreases reaction	2
Ribavirin	decreases expression, decreases secretion	2
Tolnaftate	decreases expression, decreases reaction, decreases secretion	2
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	decreases expression, decreases reaction, decreases secretion, increases abundance, increases reaction	2

ChEMBL screening assays

4 unique, capped per target: 4 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL1177154	Binding	Inhibition of interleukin-5 at 50 uM	Design and synthesis of novel hydroxyalkylaminomethylchromones for their IL-5 inhibitory activity. — Bioorg Med Chem

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.