IL9

Summary

IL9 (interleukin 9, HGNC:6029) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 5q31.1, encoding Interleukin-9 (P15248). Multifunctional cytokine secreted mainly by T-helper 2 lymphocytes and also mast cells or NKT cells that plays important roles in the immune response against parasites.

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that acts as a regulator of a variety of hematopoietic cells. This cytokine stimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis. It functions through the interleukin 9 receptor (IL9R), which activates different signal transducer and activator (STAT) proteins and thus connects this cytokine to various biological processes. The gene encoding this cytokine has been identified as a candidate gene for asthma. Genetic studies on a mouse model of asthma demonstrated that this cytokine is a determining factor in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Source: NCBI Gene 3578 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 4
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 24 total
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_000590

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:6029
Approved symbol	IL9
Name	interleukin 9
Location	5q31.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	IL-9, HP40, P40
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000145839
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	146931
Entrez	3578

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000274520

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_000590 NM_000590

CCDS: CCDS4189

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000274520 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000972566	135895703	135895841
ENSE00000972567	135895555	135895590
ENSE00000972568	135895440	135895472
ENSE00000972569	135894020	135894151
ENSE00000972570	135892246	135892510

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 74 present calls, max score 67.79.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 14.3341 / max 1804.1338, expressed in 35 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
63563	14.3341	35

Top tissues by expression

230 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	67.79	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	57.13	gold quality
metanephric glomerulus	UBERON:0004736	55.97	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	52.58	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	50.62	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	50.41	gold quality
middle frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002702	50.30	gold quality
paraflocculus	UBERON:0005351	50.18	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	50.18	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	49.88	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	49.41	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	49.25	gold quality
metanephros	UBERON:0000081	47.85	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	46.95	gold quality
endometrium epithelium	UBERON:0004811	46.85	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	46.53	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	46.41	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	45.54	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	45.41	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	45.10	silver quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	44.83	gold quality
midbrain	UBERON:0001891	44.83	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	44.43	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	44.33	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	44.20	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	44.11	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	44.02	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	43.87	gold quality
occipital lobe	UBERON:0002021	43.81	silver quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	43.80	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	1.14

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): BCL6, EP300, EZH2, FOXC1, FOXO1, FOXP3, GATA1, H4C2, IRF4, JUNB, MYC, NFATC2, NFKB1, NFKB, RBPJ, REL, RELA, SMAD2, SMAD3, SPI1, STAT5A, STAT5B, STAT6, THAP9

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

14 targeting IL9, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-8063	99.91	69.76	3146
HSA-MIR-7-1-3P	99.91	71.53	4384
HSA-MIR-7-2-3P	99.91	71.40	4394
HSA-MIR-4698	99.84	71.41	4303
HSA-MIR-3121-3P	99.82	71.96	3630
HSA-MIR-3617-5P	99.75	69.41	1968
HSA-MIR-641	99.75	69.35	1975
HSA-MIR-7161-5P	99.68	68.92	1592
HSA-MIR-891B	99.59	69.81	1083
HSA-MIR-208A-5P	99.42	70.83	1913
HSA-MIR-208B-5P	99.42	70.83	1952
HSA-MIR-4311	99.31	70.47	3041
HSA-MIR-29A-5P	99.08	68.59	1813

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• HCLCA1 is strongly related to IL-9 expression and mucus production in bronchial epithelium of patients with asthma (PMID:11842292)
• IL-9 inhibition of oxidative burst and TNF-alpha release in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes involves the potentiation of TGF-beta 1 production and extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibition. (PMID:11937570)
• IL-9 can potentiate human megakaryocytopoiesis in the presence of Epo and/or SCF (PMID:12482498)
• airway smooth muscle is a target for IL-9 and that IL-9 amplifies the potential for these cells to recruit eosinophils and neutrophils into the airways by a mechanism involving ERK. (PMID:12588703)
• IL-9 induced goblet cell hyperplasia during repair of human airway epithelia. (PMID:12594054)
• IL-9 appears to act as a potent enhancer for the SCF-dependent growth of mast cell progenitors in humans, particularly asthmatic patients. (PMID:12646606)
• Segmental allergen challenge in patients with atopic asthma leads to increased IL-9 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid lymphocytes. (PMID:12789235)
• expression of IL-9 protein and mRNA in bronchi of patients with nasal polyposis (PMID:15007348)
• Genetic cross of IL-9-transgenic mice with X-linked immunodeficient (xid) mice generates xid mice that have normal B-1 cell numbers because of a specific expansion of CD5-negative B-1b cells. (PMID:15128795)
• Induction of IL-9 is associated with pathogenesis of EBV-associated T-cell diseases (PMID:15289339)
• IL-9 and its receptor have roles in cell growth and malignant transformation of lymphoid cells associated with constitutive activation of the Jak/STAT pathway [review] (PMID:15621723)
• Neutralization of IL-9, a susceptible factor in BALB/c mice with Leishmania major infection, results in a reduction of detrimental T helper (Th) cell type 2 responses with an observed shift toward protective Th1/type 1 immune responses. (PMID:15699153)
• High interleukin-9 ;evelis asociated with nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (PMID:16322282)
• IL-9/Jak3 signaling plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (PMID:16763206)
• Ragweed stimulation significantly increased the production of the Th2-associated cytokines IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, the chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 and the regulatory cytokine IL-10 in allergic patients (PMID:17517104)
• Synthesis of IL-9, a Th2 cytokine, is dependent on IL-2, a Th1 cytokine, which is produced by Th cells themselves. (PMID:17541281)
• increased expression of IL-9 may contribute to the development of tuberculosis (PMID:18032114)
• primary ATL cells, via IL-9, support the action of IL-9Ralpha/CD14-expressing monocytes, which subsequently support the ex vivo spontaneous proliferation of malignant T cells (PMID:18339896)
• House dust mite extract induces interleukin-9 expression in human eosinophils. (PMID:18349591)
• Coincubation with IL-9 or IL-13 was protective against this corticosteroid-induced apoptosis by up-regulation of Bcl-2 (PMID:19005922)
• Individuals carrying the A allele of the IL-9 promoter display increased synthesis of IL-9, which may result in strong Th2 immune responses and a modulation of their susceptibility to infectious, neoplastic, parasitic or atopic disease. (PMID:19387455)
• IL9 single-nucleotide polymorphism is asociated with lung function and polysensitization. (PMID:19536153)
• Investigation of IL-9-producing CD4(+)T cells, and elucidation of the mechanisms of IL-9-induced STATs signaling, in concert with other transcription factors, will provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases–REVIEW (PMID:20020328)
• These studies indicate differential involvement of the IL-9/IL-9R pathway in systemic and oral antigen-induced anaphylaxis. (PMID:20159257)
• serum levels are associated with severity of rhinorrhea in allergic rhinitis patients (PMID:20306823)
• The interaction of 6-locus from the 5 interleukin genes might confer higher risk for graves’disease and Graves’ophthalmopathy than single risk allele. (PMID:20332709)
• After initial differentiation of naive cells, IL-9 expression by human T helper type (Th)17 cells is acquired as a late event, suggesting that IL-9 and IL-17 can, in fact, be coexpressed by the same cell in humans. (PMID:20498357)
• the IL-9 genetic polymorphism (rs2069885) has an opposite effect on the risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in boys and girls. (PMID:20503287)
• data clearly demonstrate the central function of interferon regulatory factor 4 in the development of T helper 9 cells and underline the contribution of this T helper cell subset to the pathogenesis of asthma. (PMID:20674401)
• Serum IL-9 levels may depend on allergen exposure: symptomatic patients with pollen-induced allergic rhinitis (AR), evaluated during the pollen season, have higher values than patients studied outside the pollen season and without symptoms. (PMID:20861646)
• results demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for IL-9 in dampening the pathogenic activities of Th17 cells (PMID:21360526)
• analysis of IL-9 and IL-9 receptor gene polymorphisms and atopic dermatitis in a Korean population (PMID:21371865)
• The increase of plasma IL-9, and the decrease of plasma IL-5, IL-7 and IFN-gamma may contribute to get further insights into the inflammatory pathways involved in chronic heart failure. (PMID:21418620)
• TAK1-c-Rel and IRF4 pathways play distinct roles in the maintenance of IL-9-producing Th17 phenotype of HTLV-1-transformed cells (PMID:21498517)
• IL-33 can initiate IL-9 protein secretion in vitro in human CD4+ T cells and basophils. (PMID:21765905)
• Serum IL-9 level was increased in patients with systemic sclerosis, and was associated with lower frequency and severity of pulmonary fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. (PMID:21807780)
• contributes to immunosuppression mediated by regulatory T cells and mast cells in B-cell non-hodgkin’s lymphoma (PMID:21898141)
• Children with atopic dermatitis may have higher serum IL-9 levels than healthy children, and IL-9 levels are significantly related to symptom severity. (PMID:22612419)
• Higher numbers of TH9 cells occur in normal human skin & blood vs metastatic lesions of progressive stage IV melanoma. These results suggest a role for IL-9 in tumor immunity. (PMID:22772464)
• Results suggest a lack of participation of IL-9 in human liver allograft rejection. (PMID:22841205)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Il9	ENSMUSG00000021538
rattus_norvegicus	Il9	ENSRNOG00000012131

Protein

Protein identifiers

Interleukin-9 — P15248 (reviewed: P15248)

Alternative names: Cytokine P40, T-cell growth factor P40

All UniProt accessions (1): P15248

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Multifunctional cytokine secreted mainly by T-helper 2 lymphocytes and also mast cells or NKT cells that plays important roles in the immune response against parasites. Affects intestinal epithelial permeability and adaptive immunity. In addition, induces the differentiation of specific T-cell subsets such as IL-17 producing helper T-cells (TH17) and also proliferation and differentiation of mast cells. Mechanistically, exerts its biological effects through a receptor composed of IL9R subunit and a signal transducing subunit IL2RG. Receptor stimulation results in the rapid activation of JAK1 and JAK3 kinase activities leading to STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5-mediated transcriptional programs. Induction of differentiation genes seems to be mediated by STAT1 alone, while protection of cells from apoptosis depends on STAT3 and STAT5.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with IL9R. Interacts with IL2RG.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Similarity. Belongs to the IL-7/IL-9 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_000581* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR018049	IL-7/IL-9_CS	Conserved_site
IPR020447	IL-9	Family

UniProt features (20 total): helix 8, strand 4, glycosylation site 4, signal peptide 1, chain 1, modified residue 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

5 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
7OX3	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.7
7OX1	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.49
7OX5	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.09
7OX2	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.34
7OX6	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P15248-F1	84.82	0.48

Antibody-complex structures (SAbDab): 3 — 7OX1, 7OX2, 7OX3

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 19

Glycosylation sites (4): 50, 63, 78, 114

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-8985947	Interleukin-9 signaling

MSigDB gene sets: 157 (showing top): REACTOME_INTERLEUKIN_2_FAMILY_SIGNALING, MODULE_92, FUNG_IL2_SIGNALING_2, REACTOME_CYTOKINE_SIGNALING_IN_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_PEPTIDE, GOBP_B_CELL_ACTIVATION, MODULE_64, GOBP_GROWTH, GOBP_B_CELL_PROLIFERATION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CYTOKINE_PRODUCTION, GOMF_GROWTH_FACTOR_ACTIVITY, GOBP_CELL_SURFACE_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY_VIA_JAK_STAT, GOBP_LEUKOCYTE_MEDIATED_IMMUNITY, GOBP_B_CELL_MEDIATED_IMMUNITY

GO Biological Process (10): inflammatory response (GO:0006954), positive regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008284), immunoglobulin mediated immune response (GO:0016064), B cell differentiation (GO:0030183), positive regulation of cell growth (GO:0030307), positive regulation of interleukin-5 production (GO:0032754), interleukin-9-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0038113), B cell proliferation (GO:0042100), regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT (GO:0046425), immune response (GO:0006955)

GO Molecular Function (4): cytokine activity (GO:0005125), interleukin-9 receptor binding (GO:0005140), growth factor activity (GO:0008083), cytokine receptor binding (GO:0005126)

GO Cellular Component (2): extracellular region (GO:0005576), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Interleukin-2 family signaling	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
positive regulation of cellular process	2
B cell activation	2
receptor ligand activity	2
defense response	1
cell population proliferation	1
regulation of cell population proliferation	1
B cell mediated immunity	1
lymphocyte differentiation	1
regulation of cell growth	1
cell growth	1
positive regulation of growth	1
positive regulation of cytokine production	1
interleukin-5 production	1
regulation of interleukin-5 production	1
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	1
cellular response to interleukin-9	1
lymphocyte proliferation	1
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	1
regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT	1
immune system process	1
response to stimulus	1
cytokine receptor binding	1
growth factor receptor binding	1
signaling receptor binding	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1584 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
IL9	IL7	P13232	997
IL9	IL4	P05112	996
IL9	JAK3	P52333	993
IL9	IL5	P05113	991
IL9	IL6	P05231	990
IL9	IL2	P01585	987
IL9	IL2RG	P31785	986
IL9	IL15	P40933	977
IL9	IL9R	Q01113	968
IL9	IL10	P22301	959
IL9	JAK1	P23458	939
IL9	IL13	P35225	932
IL9	IL1B	P01584	912
IL9	IL3	P08700	901
IL9	CCL11	P50877	898

IntAct

0 interactions, top by confidence:

BioGRID (4): S100P (Reconstituted Complex), IL9 (Affinity Capture-MS), S100A6 (Reconstituted Complex), IL9 (Protein-peptide)

ESM2 similar proteins: A3QPB9, B0ZE70, B3F0J0, C8AW45, O62757, O77762, O97687, P05113, P07750, P10168, P11052, P13232, P15247, P15248, P20096, P20826, P28773, P40221, P40933, P46685, P48092, P48093, P48346, P55030, P60568, P60569, P68290, P68291, P97604, Q1WM29, Q28028, Q29615, Q3S4V6, Q3Y5G8, Q4GZL1, Q4U0U2, Q5WQV8, Q6EAL8, Q6EBC2, Q75SZ9

Diamond homologs: P15247, P15248

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
IL9	up-regulates	IL2RG	binding
IL9	up-regulates	IL9R	binding

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

24 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	20
Likely benign	4
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

566 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
5:135894018:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
5:135894019:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
5:135894019:CTGGA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
5:135895553:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
5:135895554:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
5:135895697:GCCTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
5:135895698:CCTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
5:135895699:CTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
5:135895700:TACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
5:135895701:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
5:135892506:AAATA:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:135892507:AATA:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:135892508:ATA:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:135892509:TA:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:135892511:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:135894013:AACT:A	donor_loss	0.9900
5:135894014:ACTTA:A	donor_loss	0.9900
5:135894015:CTTAC:C	donor_loss	0.9900
5:135894016:T:TC	donor_loss	0.9900
5:135894017:TAC:T	donor_loss	0.9900
5:135894018:A:G	donor_loss	0.9900
5:135894019:C:A	donor_loss	0.9900
5:135894020:TGGA:T	donor_gain	0.9900
5:135894364:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9900
5:135895702:CCTG:C	donor_gain	0.9900
5:135892508:ATAC:A	acceptor_loss	0.9800
5:135892509:TAC:T	acceptor_loss	0.9800
5:135892510:AC:A	acceptor_loss	0.9800
5:135892511:C:A	acceptor_loss	0.9800
5:135894019:CT:C	donor_gain	0.9800

AlphaMissense

952 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
5:135892454:A:C	F124L	0.895
5:135892454:A:T	F124L	0.895
5:135892456:A:G	F124L	0.895
5:135892505:A:C	F107L	0.877
5:135892505:A:T	F107L	0.877
5:135892507:A:G	F107L	0.877
5:135892506:A:C	F107C	0.871
5:135892443:A:G	L128P	0.849
5:135894063:C:G	R91P	0.847
5:135894025:A:G	C104R	0.835
5:135894024:C:G	C104S	0.812
5:135894025:A:T	C104S	0.812
5:135895756:A:G	C21R	0.807
5:135895755:C:G	C21S	0.803
5:135895756:A:T	C21S	0.803
5:135895721:G:C	F32L	0.801
5:135895721:G:T	F32L	0.801
5:135895723:A:G	F32L	0.801
5:135892452:A:G	L125P	0.798
5:135895719:A:G	L33P	0.796
5:135894128:G:C	F69L	0.786
5:135894128:G:T	F69L	0.786
5:135894130:A:G	F69L	0.786
5:135895719:A:T	L33H	0.781
5:135892430:G:C	F132L	0.776
5:135892430:G:T	F132L	0.776
5:135892432:A:G	F132L	0.776
5:135894048:A:T	V96D	0.761
5:135892455:A:C	F124C	0.748
5:135894023:A:C	C104W	0.748

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000023571 (5:135897232 A>G), RS1000075986 (5:135896870 G>A,C,T), RS1000686176 (5:135895439 C>G), RS1001083456 (5:135895619 T>C), RS1001536097 (5:135893611 CCAAAA>C,CCAAAACAAAA), RS1001640500 (5:135891990 C>T), RS1001722490 (5:135892823 T>A,C), RS1002942458 (5:135891882 C>T), RS1003253134 (5:135893793 G>C), RS1003715175 (5:135893553 A>G), RS1003974175 (5:135896698 G>A,T), RS1004009276 (5:135897580 G>C,T), RS1004026347 (5:135896403 T>A,C), RS1004980868 (5:135895080 A>G), RS1006350031 (5:135896046 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:146931 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

4 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST004689_1	Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV-positive individuals measured by a negative tuberculin skin test (continuous)	7.000000e-08
GCST004690_1	Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV-positive individuals measured by a negative tuberculin skin test (dichotomous)	6.000000e-08
GCST006585_2664	Blood protein levels	5.000000e-07
GCST006992_1	Cerebrospinal fluid p-tau levels in Alzheimer’s disease dementia	8.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0008307	tuberculin skin test reactivity measurement
EFO:0008322	decreased susceptibility to bacterial infection
EFO:0004763	p-tau measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL3712932 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs2069885	IL9		0.00	0

CTD chemical–gene interactions

25 total (human), top 25 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression, increases methylation, decreases expression	3
Lipopolysaccharides	increases expression, increases secretion, decreases reaction	2
Nickel	increases expression	2
tributyltin	affects cotreatment, increases secretion	1
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal	decreases expression	1
3-chlorophenol	increases expression	1
emamectin benzoate	increases expression	1
lipopolysaccharide, E coli O55-B5	increases secretion	1
brevetoxin 2	increases expression	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Arsenic	increases methylation	1
Atrazine	increases expression	1
Latex	increases expression	1
Mustard Gas	decreases expression	1
Nicotine	decreases expression	1
Perfume	increases expression	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Triclosan	decreases reaction, increases expression	1
Zinc	decreases expression	1
2-Naphthylamine	decreases expression	1
Ionomycin	affects reaction, increases expression, increases reaction, affects cotreatment, decreases reaction (+1 more)	1
Aflatoxin B1	increases methylation	1
tert-Butylhydroperoxide	decreases expression	1
Particulate Matter	increases phosphorylation, affects reaction, decreases expression, increases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

3 cell lines: 3 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B8IJ	Abcam HCT 116 IL9 KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_B9KT	Abcam A-549 IL9 KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_D2FV	Abcam MCF-7 IL9 KO	Cancer cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.