INF2

Summary

INF2 (inverted formin 2, HGNC:23791) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 14q32.33, encoding Inverted formin-2 (Q27J81). Severs actin filaments and accelerates their polymerization and depolymerization.

This gene represents a member of the formin family of proteins. It is considered a diaphanous formin due to the presence of a diaphanous inhibitory domain located at the N-terminus of the encoded protein. Studies of a similar mouse protein indicate that the protein encoded by this locus may function in polymerization and depolymerization of actin filaments. Mutations at this locus have been associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 5.

Source: NCBI Gene 64423 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease dominant intermediate E (Definitive, ClinGen) — +2 more curated relationships
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 1,814 total — 19 pathogenic, 29 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 40
• Druggable target: yes
• Dosage sensitivity (ClinGen): haploinsufficiency no evidence, triplosensitivity no evidence
• MANE Select transcript: NM_022489

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:23791
Approved symbol	INF2
Name	inverted formin 2
Location	14q32.33
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	MGC13251
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000203485
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	610982
Entrez	64423

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 51 — 20 nonsense_mediated_decay, 16 protein_coding, 10 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 5 retained_intron

ENST00000252527, ENST00000330634, ENST00000392634, ENST00000398337, ENST00000474229, ENST00000477497, ENST00000480763, ENST00000481338, ENST00000540171, ENST00000617571, ENST00000674520, ENST00000674602, ENST00000674631, ENST00000674662, ENST00000674686, ENST00000674723, ENST00000674757, ENST00000674822, ENST00000674846, ENST00000674857, ENST00000674869, ENST00000674960, ENST00000674966, ENST00000674991, ENST00000674994, ENST00000675029, ENST00000675207, ENST00000675248, ENST00000675313, ENST00000675329, ENST00000675424, ENST00000675481, ENST00000675482, ENST00000675557, ENST00000675583, ENST00000675603, ENST00000675616, ENST00000675638, ENST00000675724, ENST00000675743, ENST00000675771, ENST00000675797, ENST00000675809, ENST00000675930, ENST00000675980, ENST00000676016, ENST00000676100, ENST00000676134, ENST00000676366, ENST00000676427, ENST00000896057

RefSeq mRNA: 10 — MANE Select: NM_022489 NM_001031714, NM_001426862, NM_001426863, NM_001426864, NM_001426865, NM_001426866, NM_001426867, NM_001426868, NM_022489, NM_032714

CCDS: CCDS41999, CCDS45173, CCDS9989

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000392634 — 23 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001563893	104689618	104689739
ENSE00001602437	104706910	104707051
ENSE00001636790	104708436	104708587
ENSE00001641120	104712828	104712992
ENSE00001647696	104701357	104701756
ENSE00001651677	104703295	104703454
ENSE00001685636	104708671	104708732
ENSE00001692626	104706035	104706176
ENSE00001716246	104707253	104708002
ENSE00001735587	104703105	104703220
ENSE00002534063	104703916	104703949
ENSE00003465676	104709620	104709705
ENSE00003466707	104710937	104711007
ENSE00003513118	104713207	104713309
ENSE00003521248	104715284	104715340
ENSE00003522525	104711629	104711699
ENSE00003533214	104709281	104709383
ENSE00003606366	104714203	104714856
ENSE00003622442	104711079	104711186
ENSE00003629006	104712433	104712553
ENSE00003659540	104713445	104713606
ENSE00003692457	104710088	104710188
ENSE00003842221	104718795	104722535

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 260 present calls, max score 99.20.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 59.6872 / max 523.5125, expressed in 1814 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (8 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
141828	51.5087	1811
141829	3.7853	1381
141833	1.8470	1029
141834	1.1572	689
141832	0.6243	400
141826	0.6180	269
141830	0.1270	73
141831	0.0197	6

Top tissues by expression

280 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	99.20	gold quality
nerve	UBERON:0001021	99.18	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	99.18	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	98.81	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	98.63	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	98.13	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	97.77	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	97.70	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	97.62	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	97.59	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	97.57	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	97.57	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	97.56	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	97.43	gold quality
coronary artery	UBERON:0001621	97.37	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	97.34	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	97.29	gold quality
aorta	UBERON:0000947	97.19	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	97.17	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	97.04	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	97.00	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	96.97	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	96.91	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	96.89	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	96.88	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	96.87	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	96.77	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	96.61	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	96.55	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	96.55	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	4.85

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

31 targeting INF2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4455	100.00	65.48	1587
HSA-MIR-34A-5P	99.99	71.21	1784
HSA-MIR-449A	99.99	71.05	1776
HSA-MIR-6721-5P	99.93	68.92	2981
HSA-MIR-124-3P	99.89	73.74	3043
HSA-MIR-506-3P	99.89	73.55	3057
HSA-MIR-4728-5P	99.85	69.39	4718
HSA-MIR-6785-5P	99.82	68.68	4428
HSA-MIR-149-3P	99.72	68.22	3963
HSA-MIR-6883-5P	99.69	68.05	3785
HSA-MIR-7150	99.62	66.80	1322
HSA-MIR-6132	99.60	65.83	1554
HSA-MIR-6836-5P	99.60	65.62	1538
HSA-MIR-486-3P	99.51	66.82	1901
HSA-MIR-1207-5P	99.49	69.11	2983
HSA-MIR-4763-3P	99.10	67.83	2649
HSA-MIR-6868-5P	99.06	65.69	1284
HSA-MIR-4656	98.79	66.22	1306
HSA-MIR-12125	98.59	67.54	1044
HSA-MIR-5589-5P	98.34	64.82	1148
HSA-MIR-6849-3P	97.25	64.57	1371
HSA-MIR-4701-5P	96.45	68.41	1121
HSA-MIR-588	96.45	68.36	1127
HSA-MIR-555	95.92	65.25	564
HSA-MIR-564	95.85	65.01	163
HSA-MIR-8071	95.69	64.93	484
HSA-MIR-2114-3P	95.45	66.11	579
HSA-MIR-6823-3P	95.45	66.14	704
HSA-MIR-2861	95.24	65.47	1056
HSA-MIR-885-3P	95.14	63.08	448

Functional genomics

ClinGen dosage: haploinsufficiency 0 (no evidence), triplosensitivity 0 (no evidence). ClinGen Gene Dosage Map

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Study identified nine independent nonconservative missense mutations in INF2, which encodes a member of the formin family of actin-regulating proteins. (PMID:20023659)
• In conclusion, we described an additional familial case of the autosomal dominant form of focalsegmental glomerulosclerosis associated with INF2 mutations. (PMID:20803156)
• Six of the seven distinct altered residues localized to an INF2 region that corresponded to a subdomain of the mDia1 diaphanous inhibitory domain reported to co-immunoprecipitate with IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (PMID:21258034)
• The effects of disease-causing INF2 mutations suggest an important role for this protein and its interaction with other formins in modulating glomerular podocyte phenotype and function. (PMID:21278336)
• INF2 mutations were responsible for 16% of all cases of autosomal dominant focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, with these mutations clustered in exon 4. (PMID:21866090)
• Splice variant-specific cellular function of the formin INF2 in maintenance of Golgi architecture. (PMID:21998196)
• Actin monomers inhibit microtubule binding/bundling by INF2 (PMID:21998204)
• INF2 mutations appear to cause many cases of FSGS-associated Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, showing that INF2 is involved in a disease affecting both the kidney glomerulus and the peripheral nervous system. (PMID:22187985)
• Mutations to the formin homology 2 domain of INF2 protein have unexpected effects on actin polymerization and severing. (PMID:22879592)
• Our study confirms the link between INF2 mutations and Charcot-Marie-Tooth-associated glomerulopathy and widens the spectrum of pathogenic mutations. (PMID:22961558)
• A novel mutation, outside of the candidate region for diagnosis, in the inverted formin 2 gene can cause focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. (PMID:22971997)
• Formation of stabilized, detyrosinated microtubules required the formin INF2. (PMID:22986496)
• INF2 mutations were found in 2 of 281 individuals with sporadicfocal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (PMID:23014460)
• study found actin polymerization through ER-localized INF2 was required for efficient mitochondrial fission; INF2-induced actin filaments may drive initial mitochondrial constriction, which allows Drp1-driven secondary constriction (PMID:23349293)
• This study showed that INF2 mutations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease complicated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. (PMID:23521651)
• In podocytes, INF2 appears to be an important modulator of actin-dependent behaviors that are under the control of Rho/mDia signaling. (PMID:23620398)
• INF2 mutation was detected both father and his son (PMID:23847988)
• actin monomer binding to the DAD of INF2 competes with the DID/DAD interaction, thereby activating actin polymerization (PMID:23921379)
• this study identifed three novel mutations of INF likely efect hereditary neuropathy with glomerulopathy. (PMID:24174593)
• INF2 mutations are associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. (PMID:25165188)
• Report novel mutations in the inverted formin 2 gene of Chinese families contributing to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. (PMID:26039629)
• Assembly and turnover of short actin filaments by the formin INF2 and profilin. (PMID:26124273)
• The authors propose Spire1C isoform cooperates with INF2 to regulate actin assembly at endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial contacts. (PMID:26305500)
• Propose that examination of INF2 expression may help to differentiate minimal change disease from focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and evaluate the clinical severity of steroid resistance nephrotic syndrome in children. (PMID:26383224)
• FHOD1 and INF2 are novel regulators of inter- and intra-structural contractility of podosomes. (PMID:26621033)
• Disease causing mutations in inverted formin 2 regulate its binding to G-actin, F-actin capping protein (CapZ alpha-1) and profilin 2. (PMID:26764407)
• All individuals with INF2 mutations presenting with a thrombotic microangiopathy also had atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome risk haplotypes, potentially accounting for the genetic pleiotropy (PMID:27974406)
• hese findings reveal novel molecular events underlying the regulation of INF2 function and localization, and provided insights in understanding the relationship between SPOP mutations and dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics in prostate cancer. (PMID:28448495)
• INF2-mediated actin polymerization on the endoplasmic reticulum stimulates mitochondrial division by two independent mechanisms: (1) mitochondrial calcium uptake, leading to inner mitochondrial membrane constriction; and (2) Drp1 oligomerization, leading to outer mitochondrial membrane constriction. (PMID:29142021)
• Studies indicate that INF2, a formin, that is mutated in hereditary renal and neurodegenerative disorders. (PMID:29947928)
• INF2 seems to be not only the cause of FSGS, but also of ESRD of unknown etiology. (PMID:30126379)
• our results indicated that oxidative stress-mediated HaCaT cells apoptosis could be reversed by Tan IIA treatment via reducing INF2-related mitochondrial stress in a manner dependent on the ERK signaling pathway. (PMID:31354004)
• The phenotypic feature of the pedigree is autosomal dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, which may be attributed to the c.341G>A mutation of the INF2 gene. (PMID:31515790)
• Study used lysine-to-glutamine mutations to map the relevant lysines on actin for INF2 regulation. K50Q- and K61Q-actin, when bound to CAP2, inhibit full-length INF2 but not INF2 lacking inhibitory domain (DID). CAP WH2 domain binds INF2-DID with submicromolar affinity but has weak affinity for actin monomers, while INF2-C-terminal diaphanous autoregulatory domain binds CAP/K50Q-actin 5-fold better than CAP/WT-actin. (PMID:31871199)
• FSGS-Causing INF2 Mutation Impairs Cleaved INF2 N-Fragment Functions in Podocytes. (PMID:31924668)
• Multiple formin proteins participate in glioblastoma migration. (PMID:32727404)
• Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome with Clumsy Gait Associated With INF2 Mutation. (PMID:32844773)
• Role of formin INF2 in human diseases. (PMID:34698992)
• INF2 mutations in patients with a broad phenotypic spectrum of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. (PMID:36637069)
• FBXO7, a tumor suppressor in endometrial carcinoma, suppresses INF2-associated mitochondrial division. (PMID:37344480)

Cross-species orthologs

6 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio		ENSDARG00000117069
mus_musculus	Inf2	ENSMUSG00000037679
rattus_norvegicus	Inf2	ENSRNOG00000028650
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018976
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00019030
caenorhabditis_elegans	sydn-1	WBGENE00021473

Paralogs (18): DAAM1 (ENSG00000100592), FNBP4 (ENSG00000109920), DIAPH1 (ENSG00000131504), FHOD3 (ENSG00000134775), FHOD1 (ENSG00000135723), FHDC1 (ENSG00000137460), DIAPH3 (ENSG00000139734), DAAM2 (ENSG00000146122), DIAPH2 (ENSG00000147202), FMN2 (ENSG00000155816), FMNL2 (ENSG00000157827), FMNL3 (ENSG00000161791), FMNL1 (ENSG00000184922), FAM47A (ENSG00000185448), SHTN1 (ENSG00000187164), FAM47B (ENSG00000189132), FAM47C (ENSG00000198173), GRID2IP (ENSG00000215045)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Inverted formin-2 — Q27J81 (reviewed: Q27J81)

Alternative names: HBEBP2-binding protein C

All UniProt accessions (29): A0A087X118, A0A0A0MQU1, A0A6Q8PEY5, A0A6Q8PEY8, Q27J81, A0A6Q8PF29, A0A6Q8PF44, A0A6Q8PF91, A0A6Q8PFB9, A0A6Q8PFJ1, A0A6Q8PFN5, A0A6Q8PFW4, A0A6Q8PFY4, A0A6Q8PG64, A0A6Q8PGC7, A0A6Q8PGJ8, A0A6Q8PGK9, A0A6Q8PGN3, A0A6Q8PGU8, A0A6Q8PGX4, A0A6Q8PGY8, A0A6Q8PH25, A0A6Q8PH52, A0A6Q8PH59, A0A6Q8PH63, A0A6Q8PH71, A0A6Q8PHA2, A0A6Q8PHG2, A0A6Q8PHS8

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Severs actin filaments and accelerates their polymerization and depolymerization.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with actin at the FH2 domain. Interacts with DAAM2.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Perinuclear region.

Tissue specificity. Widely expressed. In the kidney, expression is apparent in podocytes and some tubule cells.

Disease relevance. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 5 (FSGS5) [MIM:613237] A renal pathology defined by the presence of segmental sclerosis in glomeruli and resulting in proteinuria, reduced glomerular filtration rate and progressive decline in renal function. Renal insufficiency often progresses to end-stage renal disease, a highly morbid state requiring either dialysis therapy or kidney transplantation. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, dominant intermediate E (CMTDIE) [MIM:614455] A form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder of the peripheral nervous system, characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy, initially of the peroneal muscles and later of the distal muscles of the arms. The dominant intermediate type E is characterized by clinical and pathologic features intermediate between demyelinating and axonal peripheral neuropathies, and motor median nerve conduction velocities ranging from 25 to 45 m/sec. Patients additionally manifest focal segmental glomerulonephritis, proteinuria, progression to end-stage renal disease, and a characteristic histologic pattern on renal biopsy. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Activity regulation. Phosphate inhibits both the depolymerization and severing activities.

Domain organisation. The WH2 domain acts as the DAD (diaphanous autoregulatory) domain and binds to actin monomers. Regulated by autoinhibition due to intramolecular GBD-DAD binding. The severing activity is dependent on covalent attachment of the FH2 domain to the C-terminus.

Similarity. Belongs to the formin homology family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q27J81-1	1	yes
Q27J81-2	2
Q27J81-3	3

RefSeq proteins (10): NP_001026884, NP_001413791, NP_001413792, NP_001413793, NP_001413794, NP_001413795, NP_001413796, NP_001413797, NP_071934, NP_116103 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003124	WH2_dom	Domain
IPR010472	FH3_dom	Domain
IPR010473	GTPase-bd	Domain
IPR011989	ARM-like	Homologous_superfamily
IPR014768	GBD/FH3_dom	Domain
IPR015425	FH2_Formin	Domain
IPR016024	ARM-type_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR042201	FH2_Formin_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF02181, PF02205, PF06367, PF06371

UniProt features (103 total): sequence variant 44, helix 22, modified residue 10, compositionally biased region 6, region of interest 5, domain 3, sequence conflict 3, turn 3, splice variant 2, strand 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, coiled-coil region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

10 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
9B03	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.95
9B0K	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.03
9AZ4	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.37
8RV2	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.41
9AZP	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.79
9AZQ	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.82
9FJN	SOLUTION NMR
9FJW	SOLUTION NMR
9G7T	SOLUTION NMR
9RWF	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q27J81-F1	67.34	0.30

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (10): 1229, 2, 351, 1147, 1149, 1179, 1192, 1194, 1199, 1206

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 243 (showing top): GOMF_GTPASE_BINDING, CAGCTG_AP4_Q5, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_MITOCHONDRION_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_ORGANELLE_FISSION, GOBP_MITOCHONDRIAL_FISSION, GOBP_ACTIN_FILAMENT_ORGANIZATION, HEN1_01, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_MITOCHONDRIAL_FISSION, GARCIA_TARGETS_OF_FLI1_AND_DAX1_DN, AACTTT_UNKNOWN, GOMF_ACTIN_BINDING, CUI_TCF21_TARGETS_2_DN, HAMAI_APOPTOSIS_VIA_TRAIL_DN, chr14q32, DEURIG_T_CELL_PROLYMPHOCYTIC_LEUKEMIA_UP

GO Biological Process (4): actin filament polymerization (GO:0030041), regulation of mitochondrial fission (GO:0090140), cellular component organization (GO:0016043), actin cytoskeleton organization (GO:0030036)

GO Molecular Function (3): actin binding (GO:0003779), small GTPase binding (GO:0031267), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (3): actin filament (GO:0005884), perinuclear region of cytoplasm (GO:0048471), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	2
actin polymerization or depolymerization	1
protein polymerization	1
mitochondrial fission	1
regulation of mitochondrion organization	1
regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis	1
cellular component organization or biogenesis	1
cytoskeleton organization	1
actin filament-based process	1
cytoskeletal protein binding	1
GTPase binding	1
binding	1
actin cytoskeleton	1
polymeric cytoskeletal fiber	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1634 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
INF2	ACTN4	O43707	929
INF2	NPHS1	O60500	928
INF2	CD2AP	Q9Y5K6	925
INF2	NPHS2	Q9NP85	921
INF2	PLCE1	Q9P212	920
INF2	TRPC6	Q9Y210	901
INF2	APOL1	O14791	831
INF2	CDC42	P21181	821
INF2	WT1	P19544	776
INF2	MYO1E	Q12965	756
INF2	DNM1L	O00429	750
INF2	PFN4	Q8NHR9	720
INF2	PFN3	P60673	714
INF2	MAL	P21145	712
INF2	SPIRE1	Q08AE8	675

IntAct

76 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
DYNLL1	BLTP3B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
DYNLL2	BLTP3B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
SLC17A5	LGALS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
IGF1R	PIK3R2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.590
RSPRY1	NEFL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CPLX2	CPLX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
LPAR1	TMEM223	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PIP	TBKBP1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ANKH	FAM234B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
Erh	BCLAF3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
INF2	UBB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
INF2	PB1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
INF2	BDKRB2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
ALG3	INF2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
INF2	UBE2R2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
	INF2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
MYH9	PLEKHG3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ANLN	PLEKHG3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
Calml3	PLEKHG3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PPP1CC	CLIC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CFAP97	CSNK2A1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PPP1CB	PLEKHG3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GAK	PARP10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
	VWA8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
	IPO5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
E6	TRAFD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
	PGRMC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
	SNAP23	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PPP1CA	ACO2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (360): INF2 (Affinity Capture-RNA), INF2 (Affinity Capture-RNA), INF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), INF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), INF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), INF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), INF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), INF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), INF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), INF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), INF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), INF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), INF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), INF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), INF2 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0G2JV04, B0V207, D3Z8X7, D3ZFJ3, D3ZND0, F1LM81, G9CGD6, O00499, O08539, O08839, O12940, O60308, O60784, O75674, O88746, P42567, P55194, Q05DH4, Q0GNC1, Q0IHV1, Q27J81, Q3B7M3, Q3UN70, Q4KLN4, Q505K2, Q5FVK6, Q5T0F9, Q5U3K5, Q66HA5, Q68EF0, Q6P1N0, Q6P5E6, Q6P9Q4, Q6P9Q6, Q80V31, Q80V94, Q8BMI3, Q8BRN9, Q8K1A6, Q8R0H9

Diamond homologs: A0A3Q1LSX9, A2APV2, O23373, O95466, Q0D519, Q0GNC1, Q27J81, Q6H7U3, Q6MWG9, Q6NTV6, Q6NXC0, Q6ZPF4, Q8IVF7, Q94B77, Q96PY5, Q9JL26, Q9VUC6, A0A1D5P556, A3AB67, F1LVW7, F1M775, O04532, O08808, O60610, O60879, O70566, P48608, Q10059, Q54N00, Q54WH2, Q69MT2, Q9NSV4, Q9XIE0, Q9Z207, Q0IHV1, Q10Q99, Q3ULZ2, Q5TJ57, Q8BPM0, Q8H8K7

SIGNOR signaling

8 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
SPOP	“down-regulates activity”	INF2	binding
“Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1”	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	INF2	polyubiquitination

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 111 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Sensory processing of sound	5	18.2×	9e-04
RHOF GTPase cycle	5	15.3×	1e-03
Translocation of SLC2A4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane	7	12.7×	5e-04
RHOB GTPase cycle	6	10.9×	1e-03
Signaling by ALK fusions and activated point mutants	6	10.6×	2e-03
VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway	6	9.8×	2e-03
Leishmania infection	5	9.6×	5e-03
Sensory processing of sound by inner hair cells of the cochlea	5	9.6×	5e-03

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
substantia nigra development	5	18.5×	2e-03
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	5	10.6×	8e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

1814 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	19
Likely pathogenic	29
Uncertain significance	667
Likely benign	687
Benign	123

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (30)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1050	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.556T>C (p.Ser186Pro)	Pathogenic
1054	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.125T>C (p.Leu42Pro)	Pathogenic
1344641	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.542T>G (p.Val181Gly)	Pathogenic
2575974	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.158T>C (p.Leu53Pro)	Pathogenic
30865	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.311G>T (p.Cys104Phe)	Pathogenic
30866	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.312C>G (p.Cys104Trp)	Pathogenic
30867	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.383T>C (p.Leu128Pro)	Pathogenic
30868	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.395T>G (p.Leu132Arg)	Pathogenic
472835	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.314T>A (p.Val105Glu)	Pathogenic
472837	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.148T>G (p.Tyr50Asp)	Pathogenic
472868	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.490_498del (p.Ala164_Asp166del)	Pathogenic
562407	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.530G>A (p.Arg177His)	Pathogenic
599128	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.550G>A (p.Glu184Lys)	Pathogenic
599131	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.217G>A (p.Gly73Ser)	Pathogenic
637700	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.170T>C (p.Leu57Pro)	Pathogenic
637704	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.341G>A (p.Gly114Asp)	Pathogenic
637707	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.230T>C (p.Leu77Pro)	Pathogenic
637711	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.323T>A (p.Val108Asp)	Pathogenic
829855	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.254C>G (p.Ser85Trp)	Pathogenic
1179196	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.1735+1G>A	Likely pathogenic
1184454	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.485T>C (p.Leu162Pro)	Likely pathogenic
1344668	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.353T>A (p.Ile118Asn)	Likely pathogenic
1344689	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.532T>G (p.Phe178Val)	Likely pathogenic
1518638	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.470G>A (p.Gly157Asp)	Likely pathogenic
1697256	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.605A>G (p.Asn202Ser)	Likely pathogenic
1712412	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.451T>C (p.Cys151Arg)	Likely pathogenic
2572531	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.604A>G (p.Asn202Asp)	Likely pathogenic
2574145	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.286del (p.Leu96fs)	Likely pathogenic
3031506	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.698T>C (p.Leu233Pro)	Likely pathogenic
3066232	NM_022489.4(INF2):c.315_323del (p.Arg106_Val108del)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

3723 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
14:104689738:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
14:104689739:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
14:104689740:G:C	donor_loss	1.0000
14:104689741:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
14:104701732:GGC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
14:104701733:GC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
14:104701734:C:G	donor_gain	1.0000
14:104701755:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
14:104701756:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
14:104701757:GT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
14:104703099:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:104703102:CAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
14:104703103:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:104703104:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:104703104:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:104703292:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
14:104703293:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:104703293:AGAC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:104703293:AGACG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:104703294:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:104703294:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:104703294:GAC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:104703294:GACG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:104703294:GACGG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
14:104703450:TATCG:T	donor_gain	1.0000
14:104703451:ATCG:A	donor_gain	1.0000
14:104703451:ATCGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
14:104703452:TCG:T	donor_gain	1.0000
14:104703452:TCGG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
14:104703453:CG:C	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

8049 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
14:104701568:T:C	F68S	0.999
14:104707972:T:A	W569R	0.999
14:104707972:T:C	W569R	0.999
14:104707974:G:C	W569C	0.999
14:104707974:G:T	W569C	0.999
14:104711107:T:C	F780S	0.999
14:104701513:T:G	Y50D	0.998
14:104701523:T:C	L53P	0.998
14:104701535:T:C	L57P	0.998
14:104701567:T:C	F68L	0.998
14:104701569:C:A	F68L	0.998
14:104701569:C:G	F68L	0.998
14:104701661:T:C	L99P	0.998
14:104701675:T:C	C104R	0.998
14:104701677:C:G	C104W	0.998
14:104701688:T:A	V108D	0.998
14:104703150:T:C	L146P	0.998
14:104703440:G:C	R218P	0.998
14:104708450:T:A	W584R	0.998
14:104708450:T:C	W584R	0.998
14:104708705:T:C	L641P	0.998
14:104708711:T:C	I643T	0.998
14:104711106:T:C	F780L	0.998
14:104711108:C:A	F780L	0.998
14:104711108:C:G	F780L	0.998
14:104701487:T:C	L41P	0.997
14:104701555:T:A	W64R	0.997
14:104701555:T:C	W64R	0.997
14:104701583:G:A	G73D	0.997
14:104701595:T:C	L77P	0.997

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000152681 (14:104704210 C>G,T), RS1000159404 (14:104709882 C>G,T), RS1000178115 (14:104702543 G>A,C), RS1000211047 (14:104709692 C>T), RS1000222136 (14:104704837 A>G), RS1000239808 (14:104716937 C>T), RS1000302404 (14:104717856 C>G,T), RS1000319088 (14:104713191 A>G), RS1000351709 (14:104713048 C>G,T), RS1000404109 (14:104700347 C>T), RS1000410741 (14:104700105 G>A), RS1000430163 (14:104714039 G>C), RS1000494955 (14:104710708 G>A), RS1000600875 (14:104720984 C>T), RS1000611186 (14:104705660 A>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:610982 | disease phenotypes: MIM:613237, MIM:614455, MIM:601894, MIM:118220, MIM:616505

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease dominant intermediate E	Definitive	Autosomal dominant
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 5	Strong	Autosomal dominant
familial idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome	Supportive	Autosomal dominant

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease dominant intermediate E	Definitive	AD

Mondo (16): focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 5 (MONDO:0013191), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease dominant intermediate E (MONDO:0013758), kidney disorder (MONDO:0005240), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (MONDO:0100313), glomerulonephritis (MONDO:0002462), nephrotic syndrome (MONDO:0005377), proteinuria (MONDO:0003634), chronic kidney disease (MONDO:0005300), glomerulopathy with fibronectin deposits 2 (MONDO:0011165), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (MONDO:0015626), neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory, type 6B (MONDO:0014671), periodic fever syndrome (MONDO:0015137), motor peripheral neuropathy (MONDO:0002316), oligohydramnios (MONDO:0005881), hypertensive disorder (MONDO:0005044)

Orphanet (5): Hereditary steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (Orphanet:656), Autosomal dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type E (Orphanet:93114), Fibronectin glomerulopathy (Orphanet:84090), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease/Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (Orphanet:166), Periodic fever syndrome (Orphanet:101995)

HPO phenotypes

40 total (30 of 40 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000006	Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000093	Proteinuria
HP:0000097	Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
HP:0000407	Sensorineural hearing impairment
HP:0000707	Abnormality of the nervous system
HP:0000737	Irritability
HP:0000822	Hypertension
HP:0000969	Edema
HP:0001265	Hyporeflexia
HP:0001284	Areflexia
HP:0001761	Pes cavus
HP:0001765	Hammertoe
HP:0001945	Fever
HP:0001967	Diffuse mesangial sclerosis
HP:0002027	Abdominal pain
HP:0002315	Headache
HP:0002460	Distal muscle weakness
HP:0002586	Peritonitis
HP:0002907	Microscopic hematuria
HP:0002936	Distal sensory impairment
HP:0003073	Hypoalbuminemia
HP:0003236	Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration
HP:0003376	Steppage gait
HP:0003383	Onion bulb formation
HP:0003447	Axonal loss
HP:0003581	Adult onset
HP:0003621	Juvenile onset
HP:0003676	Progressive
HP:0003774	Stage 5 chronic kidney disease
HP:0007149	Distal upper limb amyotrophy

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (10)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D002607	Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease	C10.500.300.200; C10.574.500.495.200; C10.668.829.800.300.200; C16.131.666.300.200; C16.320.400.375.200
D005921	Glomerulonephritis	C12.050.351.968.419.570.363; C12.200.777.419.570.363; C12.950.419.570.363
D005923	Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental	C12.050.351.968.419.570.363.640; C12.200.777.419.570.363.660; C12.950.419.570.363.640
D006973	Hypertension	C14.907.489
D007674	Kidney Diseases	C12.050.351.968.419; C12.200.777.419; C12.950.419
D007676	Kidney Failure, Chronic	C12.050.351.968.419.780.750.500; C12.200.777.419.780.750.500; C12.950.419.780.750.500; C23.550.291.500.906.500
D009404	Nephrotic Syndrome	C12.050.351.968.419.630.643; C12.200.777.419.630.643; C12.950.419.630.643
D016104	Oligohydramnios	C12.050.703.560
D011507	Proteinuria	C12.050.351.968.934.734; C12.200.777.934.734; C12.950.934.734; C23.888.942.750
C567687	Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis 5 (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL6067424 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

ChEMBL bioactivities

2 potent at pChembl≥5 of 2 total, top 2 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
6.94	Kd	114.6	nM	CHEMBL5653589
6.94	ED50	114.6	nM	CHEMBL5653589

PubChem BioAssay actives

1 with measured affinity, of 2 total; 1 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
4-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-6-pyridin-3-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide	2148591: Binding affinity to human INF2 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assay	kd	0.1146	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

63 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression	4
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases mutagenesis, affects methylation, increases expression	3
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	3
bisphenol F	increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
sodium arsenite	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	2
mercuric bromide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
entinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
bisphenol S	decreases expression, affects expression, affects cotreatment	2
Panobinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	2
Arsenic	affects methylation, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression, increases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
afuresertib	decreases expression	1
FR900359	increases phosphorylation	1
2,4,6-tribromophenol	decreases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
coumarin	increases phosphorylation	1
nivalenol	increases expression	1
pentanal	increases expression	1
avobenzone	increases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
chromium hexavalent ion	decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
ICG 001	decreases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

1 unique, capped per target: 1 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL5651633	Binding	Binding affinity to human INF2 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assay	NVP-BHG712: Effects of Regioisomers on the Affinity and Selectivity toward the EPHrin Family. — ChemMedChem

Cellosaurus cell lines

4 cell lines: 4 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B1UJ	Abcam HeLa INF2 KO	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_SS58	HAP1 INF2 (-) 1	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_SS59	HAP1 INF2 (-) 2	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_SS60	HAP1 INF2 (-) 3	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00067990	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Angiotensin II Blockade for Chronic Allograft Nephropathy
NCT00117078	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Aranesp® Monthly Preference Study - 2
NCT00117130	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate Effectiveness of Aranesp®
NCT00132431	PHASE4	COMPLETED	START: Sensipar Treatment Algorithm to Reach K/DOQI Targets in Chronic Kidney Disease Subjects With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
NCT00140985	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Antiproteinuric Efficacy of Losartan Potassium in Patients With Non-Diabetic Proteinuric Renal Diseases (0954-213)
NCT00246129	PHASE4	COMPLETED	CamTac Trial:Campath-Tacrolimus vs IL2R MoAb/Tacrolimus/MMF in Renal Transplantation
NCT00275535	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Comparison of Tacrolimus and Sirolimus Immunosuppression Based Drug Regimens in Kidney Transplant Recipients
NCT00282217	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study Evaluating Sirolimus in the Treatment of Kidney Transplant
NCT00289614	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Patients With Renal Impairment and Diabetes Undergoing Computed Tomography (CT)
NCT00290069	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Renal Function Optimization With Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) Immunosuppressor Regimes (ALHAMBRA)
NCT00338468	PHASE4	TERMINATED	A Study to Assess Disability in Anemic Elderly Patients With Kidney Disease Receiving PROCRIT (Epoetin Alfa)
NCT00368901	PHASE4	COMPLETED	STAAR-2 Clinical Study
NCT00369733	PHASE4	COMPLETED	STAAR-3 Clinical Study
NCT00369772	PHASE4	COMPLETED	STAAR-1 Clinical Study
NCT00379899	PHASE4	COMPLETED	ADVANCE: Study to Evaluate Cinacalcet Plus Low Dose Vitamin D on Vascular Calcification in Subjects With Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving Hemodialysis
NCT00443508	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Reduction or Discontinuation of CNI’s With Conversion to Everolimus-Based Immunosuppresion
NCT00452478	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Conversion From Standard Phosphate Binder Therapy to Fosrenol® (Lanthanum Carbonate) in Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5
NCT00492518	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Acetylcysteine, Theophylline, and a Combination of Both in the Prophylaxis of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy
NCT00505102	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Safe Renal Function In Long Term Heart Transplanted Patients
NCT00526331	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Arterial Pressure Based Cardiac Output for Goal-Directed Perioperative Therapy
NCT00688480	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Do Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors Reduce Both Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Patients With Renal Dysfunction?
NCT00863707	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of the Safety and Tolerance of Regadenoson in Subjects With Renal Impairment
NCT01101698	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Vitamin K2 and Vessel Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
NCT01150201	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Aliskiren Combined With Losartan in Proteinuric, Non-diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease
NCT01155141	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Idiopathic Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and Treatment With ACTH
NCT01228279	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Sympathetic Activity in Patients With End-stage Renal Disease on Peritoneal Dialysis
NCT01334333	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Medication Adherence Between Once and Twice Daily Tacrolimus in Stable Renal Transplant Recipients
NCT01437943	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Effect of Short Term Aliskiren Treatment in Kidney Transplant Patients
NCT01545479	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Increased Renal Oxygenation and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition
NCT01614431	PHASE4	COMPLETED	N Acetyl Cysteine for Cystinosis Patients
NCT01631149	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Deep BLock on Intraoperative Surgical Conditions
NCT01722513	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Efficacy and Safety of Alprostadil Prevent Contrast Induced Nephropathy
NCT01985360	PHASE4	COMPLETED	ISCHEMIA-Chronic Kidney Disease Trial
NCT02311010	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Practical Use of Advagraf de Novo After Kidney Transplantation According to Recipient Genetic Polymorphism
NCT02413073	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Whole Body Vibration in Kidney Disease
NCT02444013	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Folic Acid for Prevention of Contrast Induced Nephropathy
NCT02663713	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Randomized, Pharmacodynamic Comparison of Low Dose Ticagrelor to Clopidogrel in Patients With Prior Myocardial Infarction
NCT02707809	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Microcirculation of Kidney Transplant Recipient
NCT02761577	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Prospective Study on Incidence and Prevention of Contrast-induced Nephropathy in Croatia
NCT03029351	PHASE4	TERMINATED	GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy and Albuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes