INTS4

Summary

INTS4 (integrator complex subunit 4, HGNC:25048) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 11q14.1, encoding Integrator complex subunit 4 (Q96HW7). Component of the integrator complex, a multiprotein complex that terminates RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription in the promoter-proximal region of genes. It is a common-essential gene (DepMap: required in 99.2% of cancer cell lines).

INTS4 is a subunit of the Integrator complex, which associates with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II large subunit (POLR2A; MIM 180660) and mediates 3-prime end processing of small nuclear RNAs U1 (RNU1; MIM 180680) and U2 (RNU2; MIM 180690) (Baillat et al., 2005 [PubMed 16239144]).

Source: NCBI Gene 92105 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 90 total
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 99.2% of screened cell lines (common-essential)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_033547

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:25048
Approved symbol	INTS4
Name	integrator complex subunit 4
Location	11q14.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	INT4, MGC16733, MST093
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000149262
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	611348
Entrez	92105

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 53 — 24 protein_coding, 18 nonsense_mediated_decay, 10 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000433818, ENST00000524766, ENST00000525931, ENST00000527522, ENST00000529807, ENST00000531059, ENST00000533180, ENST00000534064, ENST00000534408, ENST00000535943, ENST00000695096, ENST00000695097, ENST00000695098, ENST00000695099, ENST00000695100, ENST00000695101, ENST00000695102, ENST00000695103, ENST00000695104, ENST00000695105, ENST00000695303, ENST00000695304, ENST00000695305, ENST00000695306, ENST00000695307, ENST00000695308, ENST00000695309, ENST00000695310, ENST00000695311, ENST00000695312, ENST00000695313, ENST00000695314, ENST00000695315, ENST00000695316, ENST00000695317, ENST00000695318, ENST00000695319, ENST00000695320, ENST00000695321, ENST00000695332, ENST00000695333, ENST00000696971, ENST00000889292, ENST00000889293, ENST00000925639, ENST00000925640, ENST00000925641, ENST00000925642, ENST00000925643, ENST00000925644, ENST00000925645, ENST00000942459, ENST00000942460

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_033547 NM_033547

CCDS: CCDS31644

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000534064 — 23 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001469652	77978996	77979102
ENSE00001469654	77991108	77991299
ENSE00003482013	77955942	77956062
ENSE00003505229	77960341	77960391
ENSE00003534900	77981459	77981576
ENSE00003561017	77907717	77907810
ENSE00003562726	77938651	77938825
ENSE00003578539	77894290	77894349
ENSE00003580029	77903540	77903620
ENSE00003590092	77924750	77924892
ENSE00003592938	77901421	77901551
ENSE00003605819	77921340	77921473
ENSE00003636767	77941180	77941251
ENSE00003655990	77928342	77928547
ENSE00003660862	77918821	77918978
ENSE00003664620	77922356	77922471
ENSE00003665613	77958746	77958834
ENSE00003667799	77960953	77961138
ENSE00003963392	77878720	77879127
ENSE00003963393	77994590	77994668
ENSE00003963407	77883832	77883952
ENSE00003963411	77891681	77891840
ENSE00003963416	77891319	77891462

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 251 present calls, max score 97.42.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 18.1524 / max 221.5980, expressed in 1797 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
121452	15.5953	1779
121453	1.2936	565
121454	1.2636	414

Top tissues by expression

261 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	97.42	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	95.50	silver quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	93.00	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	91.76	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	91.39	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	90.97	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	90.47	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	90.44	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	90.33	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	90.26	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	90.25	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	90.13	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	90.10	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	90.08	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	90.03	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	89.92	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	89.88	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	89.80	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	89.78	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	89.75	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	89.61	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	89.29	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	89.17	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	89.10	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	89.04	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	88.99	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	88.96	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	88.93	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	88.87	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	88.83	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	4.07

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

9 targeting INTS4, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-513C-5P	99.50	68.42	1730
HSA-MIR-514B-5P	99.50	68.19	1766
HSA-MIR-3154	98.94	66.55	1455
HSA-MIR-3138	98.41	67.53	744
HSA-MIR-4768-3P	98.16	66.02	2330
HSA-MIR-411-5P	97.11	66.82	601
HSA-MIR-6730-3P	97.03	67.54	889
HSA-MIR-873-3P	96.84	66.09	786
HSA-MIR-555	95.92	65.25	564

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 99.2% of screened cell lines, common-essential.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• findings demonstrate that the integrator complex is essential for snRNA maturation and Cajal body homeostasis (PMID:22250197)
• INTS4 is a specific and conserved interaction partner of INTS9/11 that does not interact with either subunit individually. (PMID:29471365)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	ints4	ENSDARG00000102953
mus_musculus	Ints4	ENSMUSG00000025133
rattus_norvegicus	Ints4	ENSRNOG00000012552
drosophila_melanogaster	IntS4	FBGN0026679
caenorhabditis_elegans	ints-4	WBGENE00012234

Protein

Protein identifiers

Integrator complex subunit 4 — Q96HW7 (reviewed: Q96HW7)

All UniProt accessions (19): Q96HW7, A0A8C8UVZ7, A0A8Q3SHK8, A0A8Q3SHL8, A0A8Q3SHM4, A0A8Q3SHR8, A0A8Q3SHT4, A0A8Q3SHU3, A0A8Q3SII1, A0A8Q3WKB5, A0A8Q3WKB9, A0A8Q3WKC2, A0A8Q3WKC3, A0A8Q3WKC7, A0A8Q3WKC9, A0A8Q3WKW5, A0A8V8TLR7, E9PIM3, F8WAA7

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Component of the integrator complex, a multiprotein complex that terminates RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription in the promoter-proximal region of genes. The integrator complex provides a quality checkpoint during transcription elongation by driving premature transcription termination of transcripts that are unfavorably configured for transcriptional elongation: the complex terminates transcription by (1) catalyzing dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Pol II subunit POLR2A/RPB1 and SUPT5H/SPT5, (2) degrading the exiting nascent RNA transcript via endonuclease activity and (3) promoting the release of Pol II from bound DNA. The integrator complex is also involved in terminating the synthesis of non-coding Pol II transcripts, such as enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), telomerase RNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Within the integrator complex, INTS4 acts as an scaffold that links INTS9 and INTS11. Mediates recruitment of cytoplasmic dynein to the nuclear envelope, probably as component of the integrator complex.

Subunit / interactions. Component of the Integrator complex, composed of core subunits INTS1, INTS2, INTS3, INTS4, INTS5, INTS6, INTS7, INTS8, INTS9/RC74, INTS10, INTS11/CPSF3L, INTS12, INTS13, INTS14 and INTS15. The core complex associates with protein phosphatase 2A subunits PPP2CA and PPP2R1A, to form the Integrator-PP2A (INTAC) complex. INTS4 is part of the RNA endonuclease subcomplex, composed of INTS4, INTS9, INTS11 and inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6). Interacts with BRAT1; interaction is required for the assembly of the RNA endonuclease subcomplex.

Subcellular location. Nucleus. Cytoplasm.

Miscellaneous. May be produced at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.

Similarity. Belongs to the Integrator subunit 4 family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q96HW7-1	1	yes
Q96HW7-2	2
Q96HW7-3	3

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_291025* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR011989	ARM-like	Homologous_superfamily
IPR016024	ARM-type_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR056235	INTS4_8HBD	Domain
IPR057412	INTS4_C	Domain

Pfam: PF13646, PF20168, PF24493, PF25458

UniProt features (92 total): helix 49, strand 20, repeat 8, splice variant 5, turn 3, cross-link 2, mutagenesis site 2, chain 1, sequence conflict 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

11 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
8RC4	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.1
7CUN	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.5
7BFP	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.56
7PKS	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.6
8RBZ	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.7
8R2D	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.9
8RBX	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.1
8YJB	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.1
7BFQ	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.15
7YCX	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.18
9VD9	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.6

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q96HW7-F1	83.40	0.49

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (3): 791, 791, 26

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2):

Position	Phenotype
164–167	decreased processing activity of the integrator complex.
210	decreased processing activity of the integrator complex.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-6807505	RNA polymerase II transcribes snRNA genes
R-HSA-73857	RNA Polymerase II Transcription
R-HSA-74160	Gene expression (Transcription)

MSigDB gene sets: 110 (showing top): GOBP_MACROMOLECULE_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, IVANOVA_HEMATOPOIESIS_LATE_PROGENITOR, GOBP_RNA_SURVEILLANCE, GOBP_DNA_TEMPLATED_TRANSCRIPTION_INITIATION, GOBP_TRANSCRIPTION_INITIATION_AT_RNA_POLYMERASE_II_PROMOTER, LASTOWSKA_NEUROBLASTOMA_COPY_NUMBER_DN, NIKOLSKY_BREAST_CANCER_11Q12_Q14_AMPLICON, GOBP_SNRNA_PROCESSING, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_DNA_TEMPLATED_TRANSCRIPTION_ELONGATION, GOCC_INTEGRATOR_COMPLEX, GOCC_NUCLEOLUS, LIU_COMMON_CANCER_GENES, GOBP_DNA_TEMPLATED_TRANSCRIPTION_ELONGATION, TERAO_AOX4_TARGETS_HG_UP, REACTOME_RNA_POLYMERASE_II_TRANSCRIBES_SNRNA_GENES

GO Biological Process (3): snRNA processing (GO:0016180), regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (GO:0034243), RNA polymerase II transcription initiation surveillance (GO:0160240)

GO Molecular Function (2): protein-macromolecule adaptor activity (GO:0030674), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), nucleolus (GO:0005730), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), integrator complex (GO:0032039), INTAC complex (GO:0160232)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
RNA Polymerase II Transcription	1
Gene expression (Transcription)	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
nuclear lumen	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
nuclear protein-containing complex	2
RNA processing	1
snRNA metabolic process	1
transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II	1
regulation of DNA-templated transcription elongation	1
transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter	1
nuclear RNA surveillance	1
protein binding	1
molecular adaptor activity	1
binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
integrator complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1278 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
INTS4	INTS11	Q5TA45	983
INTS4	INTS9	Q9NV88	937
INTS4	KIAA0513	O60268	915
INTS4	INTS3	Q68E01	890
INTS4	INTS1	Q8N201	888
INTS4	INTS5	Q6P9B9	852
INTS4	INTS7	Q9NVH2	843
INTS4	INTS2	Q9H0H0	831
INTS4	INTS12	Q96CB8	810
INTS4	INTS10	Q9NVR2	807
INTS4	WWC1	Q8IX03	785
INTS4	INTS8	Q75QN2	780
INTS4	INTS6	Q9UL03	744
INTS4	INTS13	Q9NVM9	717
INTS4	HAX1	O00165	679

IntAct

152 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
INTS9	INTS11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.940
INTS9	INTS11	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.940
PPP2R1A	STRN	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.880
INTS11	INTS4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.860
INTS10	INTS11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.740
INTS13	INTS11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.690
INTS4	INTS9	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.680
INTS4	HGS	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
HGS	INTS4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
FAF2	UBB	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
VSIG1	TTI1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
	PMPCB	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640

BioGRID (155): INTS4 (Two-hybrid), INTS4 (Two-hybrid), INTS4 (Two-hybrid), INTS4 (Affinity Capture-MS), INTS4 (Affinity Capture-MS), INTS4 (Affinity Capture-MS), INTS4 (Affinity Capture-MS), INTS4 (Affinity Capture-MS), INTS4 (Affinity Capture-MS), INTS4 (Affinity Capture-MS), INTS4 (Affinity Capture-MS), C7orf26 (Co-fractionation), CPSF3L (Co-fractionation), FAM98A (Co-fractionation), INTS4 (Co-fractionation)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1L8F8I9, A0A2R8QPS5, A1A5P5, A7S2N8, B0BM28, B4FGS2, B8AXB6, B8B624, B8JKF4, B9FM64, F1QNV4, F4IQJ2, P49842, P97564, Q08CY4, Q08DB2, Q0P5W1, Q0VA04, Q14AI0, Q2KI89, Q32PH0, Q3SYG4, Q3U0M1, Q4R804, Q5R629, Q61586, Q66I84, Q68F70, Q6DHG8, Q6GL75, Q6GMB0, Q6GN08, Q6GPP1, Q6NU25, Q6PA97, Q7T006, Q7XAM0, Q7Z3E5, Q811G0, Q8CIM8

Diamond homologs: Q54LH5, Q68F70, Q8CIM8, Q96HW7, Q9W3E1

SIGNOR signaling

3 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
INTS4	“up-regulates activity”	POLR2A	binding
INTS4	“up-regulates quantity”	DYNC1H1
INTS4	“form complex”	“Integrator complex”	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 159 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
FGFR2 mutant receptor activation	5	37.3×	7e-06
Spry regulation of FGF signaling	5	35.0×	9e-06
Signaling by FGFR2 IIIa TM	5	29.5×	2e-05
Abortive elongation of HIV-1 transcript in the absence of Tat	6	29.2×	3e-06
Activation of HOX genes during differentiation	6	25.8×	7e-06
Pausing and recovery of Tat-mediated HIV elongation	7	25.3×	2e-06
Tat-mediated HIV elongation arrest and recovery	7	25.3×	2e-06
RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE during HIV infection	6	24.0×	7e-06

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
RNA polymerase II transcription initiation surveillance	9	59.1×	7e-12
snRNA processing	7	54.6×	5e-09
regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II	8	47.5×	1e-09

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

90 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	70
Likely benign	2
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

4410 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
11:77883827:CTTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
11:77883828:TTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
11:77883829:TACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
11:77891329:A:C	donor_gain	1.0000
11:77891675:CCTGA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
11:77891676:CTGA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
11:77891677:TGAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
11:77891678:GAC:G	donor_loss	1.0000
11:77891679:ACC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
11:77901419:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
11:77901419:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
11:77901420:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
11:77901420:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
11:77901420:CCCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
11:77901547:ATAAT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:77901548:TAAT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:77901549:AAT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:77901550:AT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:77901552:C:CA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
11:77901552:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:77901553:T:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
11:77901554:A:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:77907714:AACCT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
11:77907715:A:AT	donor_loss	1.0000
11:77907716:C:CT	donor_loss	1.0000
11:77918819:A:AT	donor_loss	1.0000
11:77918820:C:CA	donor_loss	1.0000
11:77918974:GGTAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:77918975:GTAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:77918977:AA:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

6312 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
11:77883838:A:G	W903R	1.000
11:77883838:A:T	W903R	1.000
11:77883870:A:G	L892P	1.000
11:77891366:C:G	A849P	1.000
11:77921377:A:G	L576P	1.000
11:77922454:C:T	G511E	1.000
11:77922455:C:G	G511R	1.000
11:77922455:C:T	G511R	1.000
11:77924855:A:G	L470P	1.000
11:77924873:C:G	R464P	1.000
11:77924892:C:G	D458H	1.000
11:77928418:A:T	I432K	1.000
11:77928427:A:G	L429P	1.000
11:77928445:T:A	E423V	1.000
11:77928448:T:A	D422V	1.000
11:77928448:T:C	D422G	1.000
11:77928448:T:G	D422A	1.000
11:77928449:C:A	D422Y	1.000
11:77928449:C:G	D422H	1.000
11:77928450:G:C	N421K	1.000
11:77928450:G:T	N421K	1.000
11:77928460:T:G	D418A	1.000
11:77938662:T:A	D385V	1.000
11:77938662:T:G	D385A	1.000
11:77938663:C:G	D385H	1.000
11:77938665:T:A	E384V	1.000
11:77938677:A:T	V380D	1.000
11:77938686:C:T	G377E	1.000
11:77941201:C:A	K323N	1.000
11:77941201:C:G	K323N	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000011356 (11:77906766 G>T), RS1000072979 (11:77912728 T>C), RS1000105559 (11:77956997 T>A), RS1000147614 (11:77912436 C>CT), RS1000189282 (11:77878553 C>A), RS1000204855 (11:77885736 T>C), RS1000235866 (11:77992402 A>T), RS1000248003 (11:77982583 G>A), RS1000268342 (11:77939859 A>C), RS1000276358 (11:77969441 T>C), RS1000335991 (11:77888485 A>G), RS1000347656 (11:77986538 G>A), RS1000404813 (11:77888161 T>C), RS1000418583 (11:77919830 A>G), RS1000532786 (11:77952103 A>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:611348 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST007277_15	Tourette syndrome	5.000000e-06
GCST90002396_472	Mean reticulocyte volume	2.000000e-09
GCST90002402_382	Platelet count	2.000000e-11

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0010701	mean reticulocyte volume
EFO:0004309	platelet count

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

23 total (human), top 23 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Aflatoxin B1	increases methylation	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
TAK-243	affects sumoylation	1
alpha-pinene	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance	1
pirinixic acid	affects binding, increases activity, increases expression	1
trichostatin A	decreases expression	1
beta-lapachone	increases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	increases expression	1
methacrylaldehyde	increases oxidation, increases abundance, affects cotreatment	1
exemestane	increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
Acrolein	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance	1
Air Pollutants	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases oxidation	1
Atrazine	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases methylation	1
Methyl Methanesulfonate	increases expression	1
Ozone	increases abundance, affects cotreatment, increases oxidation	1
Dihydrotestosterone	increases expression	1
Valproic Acid	decreases expression	1
Cyclosporine	increases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	increases expression	1
Copper Sulfate	increases expression	1
Volatile Organic Compounds	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.