IRF1

Summary

IRF1 (interferon regulatory factor 1, HGNC:6116) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 5q31.1, encoding Interferon regulatory factor 1 (P10914). Transcriptional regulator which displays a remarkable functional diversity in the regulation of cellular responses.

The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional regulator and tumor suppressor, serving as an activator of genes involved in both innate and acquired immune responses. The encoded protein activates the transcription of genes involved in the body’s response to viruses and bacteria, playing a role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, the immune response, and DNA damage response. This protein represses the transcription of several other genes. As a tumor suppressor, it both suppresses tumor cell growth and stimulates an immune response against tumor cells. Defects in this gene have been associated with gastric cancer, myelogenous leukemia, and lung cancer.

Source: NCBI Gene 3659 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): immunodeficiency 117 (Strong, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 43
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 59 total — 4 pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 41
• Cancer driver (intOGen): loss-of-function (tumor-suppressor-like) across 1 cancer types
• Transcription factor: yes — 184 downstream targets (CollecTRI)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_002198

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:6116
Approved symbol	IRF1
Name	interferon regulatory factor 1
Location	5q31.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	MAR
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000125347
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	147575
Entrez	3659

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 54 — 20 protein_coding, 17 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 13 nonsense_mediated_decay, 4 retained_intron

ENST00000245414, ENST00000405885, ENST00000437654, ENST00000439555, ENST00000443093, ENST00000458069, ENST00000459982, ENST00000463784, ENST00000472045, ENST00000476613, ENST00000493208, ENST00000613424, ENST00000679440, ENST00000679499, ENST00000679500, ENST00000679522, ENST00000679620, ENST00000679633, ENST00000679700, ENST00000679743, ENST00000679762, ENST00000679786, ENST00000679820, ENST00000679860, ENST00000679921, ENST00000679945, ENST00000679964, ENST00000680139, ENST00000680237, ENST00000680352, ENST00000680380, ENST00000680562, ENST00000680594, ENST00000680796, ENST00000680848, ENST00000680903, ENST00000681049, ENST00000681197, ENST00000681240, ENST00000681336, ENST00000681458, ENST00000681462, ENST00000681573, ENST00000681584, ENST00000681595, ENST00000681603, ENST00000681634, ENST00000681694, ENST00000681715, ENST00000681749, ENST00000886279, ENST00000886280, ENST00000886281, ENST00000965376

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_002198 NM_001354924, NM_001354925, NM_002198

CCDS: CCDS4155, CCDS93778, CCDS93779

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000245414 — 10 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000854378	132484362	132484497
ENSE00000854380	132486251	132486373
ENSE00000854381	132486557	132486686
ENSE00001124173	132481609	132484075
ENSE00001886256	132490545	132490773
ENSE00003350216	132487926	132488025
ENSE00003469309	132489392	132489483
ENSE00003491506	132486795	132486844
ENSE00003550886	132486954	132487130
ENSE00003786501	132485667	132485716

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 265 present calls, max score 98.94.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 121.9332 / max 5574.9431, expressed in 1822 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (15 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
63327	119.1080	1821
63328	0.8814	176
63334	0.5437	224
63323	0.2787	117
63319	0.2732	69
63321	0.2434	99
63324	0.1562	60
63322	0.1296	63
63330	0.0864	17
63326	0.0852	25

Top tissues by expression

289 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	98.94	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	98.40	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	98.35	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	98.31	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	97.94	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	97.38	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	96.68	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	96.61	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	96.02	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	95.70	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	95.70	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	94.94	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	94.62	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	94.48	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	94.31	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	94.18	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	94.16	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	93.93	gold quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	93.79	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	93.62	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	93.09	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	92.82	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	92.70	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	92.40	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	92.36	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	92.27	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	92.17	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	92.14	silver quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	92.11	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	92.09	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 14 experiment(s), a significant marker in 7.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-8884	yes	1407.75
E-HCAD-4	yes	92.16
E-CURD-88	yes	41.70
E-CURD-122	yes	39.01
E-CURD-112	yes	24.11
E-HCAD-1	yes	5.82
E-HCAD-11	no	4342.82
E-MTAB-6379	no	1372.35
E-GEOD-76312	no	1266.92
E-MTAB-7606	no	753.03
E-MTAB-9467	no	30.12
E-MTAB-10137	no	8.61
E-MTAB-9543	no	2.37
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: yes

Downstream targets (CollecTRI)

184 targets.

Target	Regulation
ACHE
ADAM2
AGTR2	Unknown
AKT1	Repression
BBC3	Unknown
BCL2	Repression
BCL2L2	Repression
BIRC3
BIRC5	Repression
BLMH
C1R	Unknown
C4B
CAMK4
CASP1	Activation
CASP7	Activation
CASP8	Unknown
CASP9	Activation
CAT
CCL19	Activation
CCL2	Activation
CCL4
CCL5	Unknown
CCNB1	Repression
CCND1	Activation
CCNE1	Repression
CCR5
CD200	Activation
CD274	Activation
CD38
CD40	Activation

JASPAR motifs

Motif	Name	Family
MA0050.1	IRF1	Interferon-regulatory factors
MA0050.2	IRF1	Interferon-regulatory factors

JASPAR matrix evidence (PMIDs): PMID:7687740, PMID:21803131

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CEBPA, CIITA, CREBBP, DOT1L, HAND1, HIVEP1, IRF1, IRF2, IRF3, IRF4, IRF6, IRF8, NFKB1, NFKB, PPARG, RELA, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5A, STAT5B, STAT6, TP53

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

105 targeting IRF1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-450A-1-3P	100.00	69.33	1837
HSA-MIR-6873-3P	100.00	71.42	2626
HSA-MIR-6833-3P	100.00	70.63	3197
HSA-MIR-4768-5P	100.00	69.49	2861
HSA-MIR-12136	99.98	72.81	5713
HSA-MIR-6778-3P	99.96	67.29	2693
HSA-MIR-302E	99.96	70.74	2669
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-23A-3P	99.95	74.24	3163
HSA-MIR-23B-3P	99.95	74.24	3163
HSA-MIR-23C	99.95	73.92	3192
HSA-MIR-767-5P	99.95	70.85	993
HSA-MIR-9983-3P	99.94	71.48	3631
HSA-MIR-6508-5P	99.92	70.67	2465
HSA-MIR-454-3P	99.91	74.01	1925
HSA-MIR-6809-3P	99.91	71.45	3814
HSA-MIR-130A-3P	99.90	73.31	1861
HSA-MIR-130B-3P	99.90	73.27	1850
HSA-MIR-301A-3P	99.90	73.15	1839
HSA-MIR-301B-3P	99.90	73.19	1836
HSA-MIR-3666	99.90	73.24	1833
HSA-MIR-4295	99.90	73.11	1838
HSA-MIR-106A-5P	99.90	73.94	2683
HSA-MIR-17-5P	99.89	73.83	2665
HSA-MIR-4731-5P	99.89	67.23	2537
HSA-MIR-302A-3P	99.89	71.23	1777
HSA-MIR-302B-3P	99.89	71.23	1777
HSA-MIR-302C-3P	99.89	71.20	1778
HSA-MIR-302D-3P	99.89	71.25	1777
HSA-MIR-4671-3P	99.88	72.46	1045

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• IRF-1 exerts a pivotal role in granulocytic differentiation, and its induction by G-CSF represents a limiting step in the early events of myeloid cell differentiation. (PMID:11716756)
• Review: Stimulation of interferon regulatory factor-1 by prolactin (PMID:11721695)
• IFNtau effect on IRF-1 expression is primarily regulated by tyrosine-phosphorylated Stat1alpha or Stat1beta dimers (PMID:11804954)
• This review focuses on the induction and function of IRF-1 during M. tuberculosis infection (PMID:11846972)
• This review focuses on IRF-1 is a negative regulator of cell proliferation. (PMID:11846974)
• Isolation and characterization of a human STAT1 gene regulatory element. Inducibility by interferon (IFN) types I and II and role of IFN regulatory factor-1. (PMID:11909852)
• Host defense responses to infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Induction of IRF-1 and a serine protease inhibitor (PMID:11948194)
• IFN regulatory factor-1 regulates IFN-gamma-dependent cathepsin S expression (PMID:11970993)
• IRF-1 associated with resistance to antiestrogens (PMID:12067985)
• Interferons inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation via interferon regulatory factor-1 binding competition with NF-kappa B (PMID:12105194)
• VCAM-1 expression via effects on interferon regulatory factor-1 expression and activity (PMID:12115600)
• Promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected and their possible contribution to T-lymphocyte helper 1 response in chronic hepatitis C was studied. Interferon-beta therapy increased the CD4(+) cell population. (PMID:12162881)
• STAT-1, IRF-1, and RAR-beta expression were enhanced by IFN-gamma and ATRA in combination, and to a greater degree in BALM-3 cells than in BALM-1 cells, suggesting that these IFN-gamma related genes were involved in the induction of apoptosis. (PMID:12191570)
• IRF-1 is controlled by two distinct signalling pathways; a JAK/STAT-signalling pathway in viral infected cells and an ATM-signalling pathway in DNA damaged cells. (PMID:12420214)
• GRIM-19 protein inhibits the cell-transforming property of this protein via a physical interaction. (PMID:12433281)
• IRF-1 and IRF-2 induced by IFN-gamma bind to three distinct IL-4 promoter sites and function as transcriptional repressors (PMID:12479817)
• IRF-1-CEBPbeta complex activate the promoter of IL-18 binding protein. (PMID:12482935)
• IRF-1 is a potential mediator of IFN-gamma-induced attenuation of telomerase activity and hTERT expression (PMID:12545159)
• expression of IRF-1-dependent genes in neurons plays a role in ischemic neuronal death. (PMID:12677441)
• Identification of the domain of interferon regulatory factor-1 responsible for transactivation. (PMID:12711307)
• IRF1 represses CDK2 gene expression by interfering with SP1-dependent transcriptional activation. (PMID:12732645)
• IRF1 is one of the transcription factors responsible for the induced coexpression of NF-kappa B activator 1 (Act1) and CD40 in lung epithelial A549 cells by inflammatory cytokines. (PMID:12759449)
• These data indicate that interferon regulatory factor-1 is a hallmark of the gliadin-mediated inflammation in celiac disease. (PMID:12788988)
• Expression of IRF-1 is altered in human endometrioid adenocarcinoma compared with normal endometrium and postmenopausal endometrium. (PMID:14599866)
• the IRF1 HinfI gene polymorphisms do not appear to be involved in susceptibility to celiac disease (PMID:14675396)
• IRF1 has a role in up-regulation of human caspase-8 by interferon-gamma in breast tumor cells (PMID:14993214)
• Measles virus upregulates IRF-1 in a manner that is independent of IFN but dependent on the JAK/STAT pathway. This induction of IRF-1 appears to suppress cell growth, although the extent seems to vary among MeV strains. (PMID:15078941)
• IRF-1 mediates the proapoptotic but not cell cycle arrest effects of the steroidal antiestrogen ICI 182,780 (PMID:15173018)
• Results suggest that the functional interplay between interferon regulatory factors 1 and 2 serves as an elaborate and cooperative mechanism for regulation of interleukin-7 production essential for local immune regulation within human intestinal mucosa. (PMID:15226432)
• a novel tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10-mediated tumor suppressor activity of interferon regulatory factor 1 and suggest a mechanistic basis for the synergistic antitumor activities of certain retinoids and interferons (PMID:15241475)
• IFN regulatory factor 1 is involved in TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion to TNF-alpha-activated endothelial cells. (PMID:15265939)
• IRF-1 is one of the key host factors that regulate intracellular HCV replication through modulation of interferon-stimulated-gene-mediated antiviral responses. (PMID:15331704)
• interleukin-12 p35 gene transcription is activated by interferon regulatory factor-1 and interferon consensus sequence-binding protein (PMID:15489234)
• IRF-1-p300 interface as an allosteric modifier of DNA-dependent acetylation of p53 at the p21 promoter (PMID:15509808)
• IFN-gamma enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through IRF-1 (PMID:15511228)
• therapies designed to enhance IRF-1 expression within tumor cells may represent novel treatment strategies for breast cancer (PMID:15548708)
• IFN-gamma-IRF system is involved in BPAG1 gene regulation in type-1 helper T-cell inflammatory skin conditions, such as psoriasis vulgaris (PMID:15560761)
• the interferon signaling pathway and the human glucocorticoid receptor gene 1A promoter interact in T-lymphocytes (PMID:15576464)
• p27Kip1 inhibits hTERT mRNA expression and telomerase activity through post-transcriptional up-regulation by IFN-gamma/IRF-1 signaling (PMID:15710386)
• TPO and IFN-gamma activate the expression of TAP1 via a new mechanism that involves functional cooperation between STAT1 and IRF-2 on the TAP1 promoter (PMID:15778351)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	irf1b	ENSDARG00000043249
danio_rerio	irf1a	ENSDARG00000043492
mus_musculus	Irf1	ENSMUSG00000018899
rattus_norvegicus	Irf1	ENSRNOG00000008144

Paralogs (8): IRF6 (ENSG00000117595), IRF3 (ENSG00000126456), IRF5 (ENSG00000128604), IRF4 (ENSG00000137265), IRF8 (ENSG00000140968), IRF2 (ENSG00000168310), IRF7 (ENSG00000185507), IRF9 (ENSG00000213928)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Interferon regulatory factor 1 — P10914 (reviewed: P10914)

All UniProt accessions (27): P10914, A0A7P0T7Z4, A0A7P0T8D8, A0A7P0T8F2, A0A7P0T8P0, A0A7P0T9Q9, A0A7P0T9W2, A0A7P0TAD7, A0A7P0TAJ7, A0A7P0TAL6, A0A7P0TAS4, A0A7P0TAS9, A0A7P0TAU2, A0A7P0TAY3, A0A7P0TAZ9, A0A7P0TBA1, A0A7P0TBL0, A0A7P0Z474, A0A7P0Z4G2, B4DQF0, C9J9C5, C9JD95, F8WCM1, Q6FHN8, R4GNI0, V9P921, X5D3F6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Transcriptional regulator which displays a remarkable functional diversity in the regulation of cellular responses. Regulates transcription of IFN and IFN-inducible genes, host response to viral and bacterial infections, regulation of many genes expressed during hematopoiesis, inflammation, immune responses and cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of the cell cycle and induction of growth arrest and programmed cell death following DNA damage. Stimulates both innate and acquired immune responses through the activation of specific target genes and can act as a transcriptional activator and repressor regulating target genes by binding to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. Has an essentail role in IFNG-dependent immunity to mycobacteria. Competes with the transcriptional repressor ZBED2 for binding to a common consensus sequence in gene promoters. Its target genes for transcriptional activation activity include: genes involved in anti-viral response, such as IFN-alpha/beta, RIGI, TNFSF10/TRAIL, ZBP1, OAS1/2, PIAS1/GBP, EIF2AK2/PKR and RSAD2/viperin; antibacterial response, such as GBP2, GBP5 and NOS2/INOS; anti-proliferative response, such as p53/TP53, LOX and CDKN1A; apoptosis, such as BBC3/PUMA, CASP1, CASP7 and CASP8; immune response, such as IL7, IL12A/B and IL15, PTGS2/COX2 and CYBB; DNA damage responses and DNA repair, such as POLQ/POLH; MHC class I expression, such as TAP1, PSMB9/LMP2, PSME1/PA28A, PSME2/PA28B and B2M and MHC class II expression, such as CIITA; metabolic enzymes, such as ACOD1/IRG1. Represses genes involved in anti-proliferative response, such as BIRC5/survivin, CCNB1, CCNE1, CDK1, CDK2 and CDK4 and in immune response, such as FOXP3, IL4, ANXA2 and TLR4. Stimulates p53/TP53-dependent transcription through enhanced recruitment of EP300 leading to increased acetylation of p53/TP53. Plays an important role in immune response directly affecting NK maturation and activity, macrophage production of IL12, Th1 development and maturation of CD8+ T-cells. Also implicated in the differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells and in the suppression of regulatory T (Treg) cells development. Acts as a tumor suppressor and plays a role not only in antagonism of tumor cell growth but also in stimulating an immune response against tumor cells.

Subunit / interactions. Monomer. Homodimer. Interacts with EP300. Interacts with MYD88. Interacts with PIAS3. Interacts with SPOP.

Subcellular location. Nucleus. Cytoplasm.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylated by CK2 and this positively regulates its activity. Sumoylation represses the transcriptional activity and displays enhanced resistance to protein degradation. Sumoylated by UBE2I/UBC9 and SUMO1. Inactivates the tumor suppressor activity. Elevated levels in tumor cells. Major site is Lys-275. Sumoylation is enhanced by PIAS3. Desumoylated by SENP1 in tumor cells and appears to compete with ubiquitination on C-terminal sites. Ubiquitinated in a SPOP-depedent manner. Appears to compete with sumoylation on C-terminal sites.

Disease relevance. Gastric cancer (GASC) [MIM:613659] A malignant disease which starts in the stomach, can spread to the esophagus or the small intestine, and can extend through the stomach wall to nearby lymph nodes and organs. It also can metastasize to other parts of the body. The term gastric cancer or gastric carcinoma refers to adenocarcinoma of the stomach that accounts for most of all gastric malignant tumors. Two main histologic types are recognized, diffuse type and intestinal type carcinomas. Diffuse tumors are poorly differentiated infiltrating lesions, resulting in thickening of the stomach. In contrast, intestinal tumors are usually exophytic, often ulcerating, and associated with intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, most often observed in sporadic disease. Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Immunodeficiency 117 (IMD117) [MIM:620668] An autosomal recessive immunologic disorder characterized by increased susceptibility to disseminated mycobacterial infection apparent in early childhood, after exposure to weakly virulent mycobacteria. Affected individuals develop mycobacterial disease after BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccination. Immunologic workup shows impaired development of myeloid and lymphoid cell subsets that secrete and respond to gamma-interferon. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Activity regulation. Activated by MYD88.

Induction. By viruses and IFN. Induced by HPV16 E5. Induced by HIV. By interferon (IFN). Induced by N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.

Miscellaneous. Deletion or rearrangement of IRF1 are found in preleukemic myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).

Similarity. Belongs to the IRF family.

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001341853, NP_001341854, NP_002189* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001346	Interferon_reg_fact_DNA-bd_dom	Domain
IPR017431	IRF1/IRF2	Family
IPR019817	Interferon_reg_fac_CS	Conserved_site
IPR036388	WH-like_DNA-bd_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036390	WH_DNA-bd_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00605

UniProt features (17 total): mutagenesis site 4, sequence conflict 3, sequence variant 3, cross-link 2, chain 1, DNA-binding region 1, region of interest 1, compositionally biased region 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P10914-F1	66.65	0.33

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (3): 78, 275, 299

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (4):

Position	Phenotype
67	no effect on transcriptional activity.
78	loss of acetylation. partial loss of dna-binding and transcriptional activity.
275	some loss of sumoylation. partial inhibition of acetylation and activity. abolishes sumoylation, diminished ubiquitinati
299	large loss of sumoylation. abolishes sumoylation, diminished ubiquitination, higher resistance to degradation, and incre

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

11 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-5620971	Pyroptosis
R-HSA-877300	Interferon gamma signaling
R-HSA-909733	Interferon alpha/beta signaling
R-HSA-983231	Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production
R-HSA-9909649	Regulation of PD-L1(CD274) transcription
R-HSA-109582	Hemostasis
R-HSA-1280215	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
R-HSA-168256	Immune System
R-HSA-5218859	Regulated Necrosis
R-HSA-5357801	Programmed Cell Death
R-HSA-913531	Interferon Signaling

MSigDB gene sets: 701 (showing top): GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ACTIVATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_DEVELOPMENT, WALLACE_PROSTATE_CANCER_RACE_UP, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_ALPHA_BETA_T_CELL_ACTIVATION, PID_TELOMERASE_PATHWAY, REACTOME_ADAPTIVE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_TYPE_I_INTERFERON_PRODUCTION, REACTOME_CYTOKINE_SIGNALING_IN_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_PEPTIDE, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_EXTERNAL_STIMULUS, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_ADAPTIVE_IMMUNE_RESPONSE, MODULE_45, GOBP_ALPHA_BETA_T_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_UP

GO Biological Process (26): immune system process (GO:0002376), regulation of adaptive immune response (GO:0002819), regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357), transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006366), apoptotic process (GO:0006915), negative regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008285), positive regulation of type I interferon production (GO:0032481), positive regulation of interferon-beta production (GO:0032728), positive regulation of interleukin-12 production (GO:0032735), regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway (GO:0034124), toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway (GO:0034138), cellular response to interferon-beta (GO:0035458), CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation (GO:0043374), regulation of innate immune response (GO:0045088), negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation (GO:0045590), negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045892), positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893), positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944), defense response to virus (GO:0051607), regulation of cell cycle (GO:0051726), type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0060333), cellular response to mechanical stimulus (GO:0071260), regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation (GO:2000564), regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355), regulation of gene expression (GO:0010468), innate immune response (GO:0045087)

GO Molecular Function (9): transcription cis-regulatory region binding (GO:0000976), RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000977), RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978), DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981), DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001228), DNA binding (GO:0003677), DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700), sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0043565), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (5): chromatin (GO:0000785), nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-7 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Interferon Signaling	2
Regulated Necrosis	1
Hemostasis	1
Regulation of PD-L1(CD274) expression	1
Immune System	1
Programmed Cell Death	1
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	4
cellular anatomical structure	4
DNA-templated transcription	3
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	3
regulation of immune response	2
transcription by RNA polymerase II	2
positive regulation of cytokine production	2
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	2
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	2
biological_process	1
adaptive immune response	1
programmed cell death	1
apoptotic signaling pathway	1
execution phase of apoptosis	1
cell population proliferation	1
regulation of cell population proliferation	1
negative regulation of cellular process	1
regulation of type I interferon production	1
type I interferon production	1
positive regulation of type I interferon production	1
interferon-beta production	1
regulation of interferon-beta production	1
interleukin-12 production	1
regulation of interleukin-12 production	1
MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway	1
regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway	1
endolysosomal toll-like receptor signaling pathway	1
response to interferon-beta	1
cellular response to cytokine stimulus	1
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation	1
alpha-beta T cell differentiation	1
regulation of response to biotic stimulus	1
regulation of defense response	1
regulation of response to external stimulus	1
innate immune response	1
regulatory T cell differentiation	1
negative regulation of T cell differentiation	1
regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation	1
negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	1
positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

3908 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
IRF1	STAT1	P42224	997
IRF1	MYD88	P78397	956
IRF1	IRF8	Q02556	947
IRF1	SPI1	P17947	936
IRF1	EP300	Q09472	932
IRF1	STAT2	P52630	909
IRF1	IFNG	P01579	908
IRF1	JUN	P05412	905
IRF1	IFNB1	P01574	864
IRF1	HDAC1	Q13547	849
IRF1	STAT3	P40763	839
IRF1	IRF2	P14316	831
IRF1	IFNA13	P01562	828
IRF1	TLR3	O15455	782
IRF1	CXCL10	P02778	781

IntAct

36 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
IRF1	SUMO1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.540
IRF1	SUMO1	psi-mi:“MI:0195”(covalent binding)	0.540
IRF1	IRF3	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.540
IRF1	IRF3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.540
IRF3	IRF1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.540
E7	IRF1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.530
E7	IRF1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.530
IRF1	E7	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.530
NFE2L2	IRF1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.510
IRF1		psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	IRF1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
IRF1	NCL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
IRF1	CCL2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
IFI27	IRF1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
FLOT1	IRF1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
IRF1	E7	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
IRF1	IRF9	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
CDKN1B	IRF1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
IRF1	QARS1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370

BioGRID (132): IRF1 (Reconstituted Complex), IRF1 (Affinity Capture-Western), EP300 (Reconstituted Complex), IRF1 (Protein-peptide), IRF1 (Biochemical Activity), MDM2 (Affinity Capture-Western), tat (Affinity Capture-Western), IRF1 (Biochemical Activity), IRF1 (Affinity Capture-Western), TRAF6 (Affinity Capture-Western), BIRC3 (Affinity Capture-Western), IRF1 (Two-hybrid), IRF1 (Reconstituted Complex), IRF1 (Affinity Capture-Western), XAF1 (Affinity Capture-Western)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0FIN4, A2VD01, A9ZLX4, D2HNW6, D4A7U2, O88974, O94988, P10914, P14316, P15314, P16236, P17433, P17947, P23570, P23906, P49140, Q00IB7, Q13506, Q13905, Q15047, Q1LY51, Q3B7M3, Q3SZP0, Q3TTA7, Q3UWM4, Q4V7W5, Q5HYC2, Q5RJA1, Q5XJV7, Q61122, Q62722, Q6A098, Q6AI12, Q6BDS1, Q6DFR2, Q6GQL0, Q6PKU1, Q6ZMT4, Q6ZNC4, Q80TJ7

Diamond homologs: A0FIN4, O14896, P10914, P14316, P15314, P23570, P23611, P23906, P56477, P70671, P97431, Q00978, Q02556, Q08DD6, Q13568, Q14653, Q15306, Q3SZP0, Q4JF28, Q58DJ0, Q61179, Q64287, Q764M6, Q8R4E0, Q90643, Q90871, Q90876, Q98925, Q92985, P70434, F5HF68

SIGNOR signaling

9 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
IRF1	“up-regulates activity”	IRF8	binding
SP2	“up-regulates activity”	IRF1	binding
IRF1	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	SOCS1	“transcriptional regulation”
IRF1	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	DST	“transcriptional regulation”
IRF1	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	SOCS2	“transcriptional regulation”
IKBKE	“down-regulates activity”	IRF1	phosphorylation
MDM2	“down-regulates quantity”	IRF1	ubiquitination

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 14 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system	5	18.5×	7e-04

Disease & clinical

Cancer significance

From intOGen — cancer-driver classification: loss-of-function (tumor-suppressor-like) across 1 cancer types — PCM.

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

59 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	4
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	19
Likely benign	1
Benign	14

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (4)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
14720	NM_002198.3(IRF1):c.22A>T (p.Met8Leu)	Pathogenic
14721	NM_002198.3(IRF1):c.31T>C (p.Trp11Arg)	Pathogenic
2686000	NM_002198.3(IRF1):c.385C>T (p.Arg129Ter)	Pathogenic
2686001	NM_002198.3(IRF1):c.103C>T (p.Gln35Ter)	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

1767 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
5:132484073:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:132484074:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:132484356:TCTTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
5:132484357:CTTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
5:132484358:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
5:132484359:TACCC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
5:132484360:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
5:132484360:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
5:132484360:ACC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
5:132484360:ACCC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
5:132484361:C:CA	donor_loss	1.0000
5:132484361:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
5:132484361:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
5:132484361:CCC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
5:132484361:CCCC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
5:132484363:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
5:132484388:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
5:132484393:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
5:132484394:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
5:132484394:CAG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
5:132484493:AAGAG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:132484494:AGAG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:132484495:GAG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:132484496:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:132484497:GC:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:132484498:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:132484498:CTG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:132484499:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
5:132484505:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
5:132485661:CTTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

2163 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
5:132486986:A:G	M111T	1.000
5:132486989:C:G	R110P	1.000
5:132486992:T:G	Y109S	1.000
5:132486993:A:C	Y109D	1.000
5:132486993:A:G	Y109H	1.000
5:132486993:A:T	Y109N	1.000
5:132486995:A:T	V108E	1.000
5:132486998:C:G	R107P	1.000
5:132486999:G:C	R107G	1.000
5:132487004:G:T	A105D	1.000
5:132487014:C:G	G102R	1.000
5:132487039:C:A	E93D	1.000
5:132487039:C:G	E93D	1.000
5:132487046:A:C	I91S	1.000
5:132487046:A:T	I91N	1.000
5:132487049:T:A	D90V	1.000
5:132487050:C:G	D90H	1.000
5:132487055:A:G	L88P	1.000
5:132487055:A:T	L88Q	1.000
5:132487058:G:A	S87F	1.000
5:132487059:A:G	S87P	1.000
5:132487060:G:C	N86K	1.000
5:132487060:G:T	N86K	1.000
5:132487061:T:A	N86I	1.000
5:132487061:T:G	N86T	1.000
5:132487062:T:C	N86D	1.000
5:132487064:A:C	M85R	1.000
5:132487064:A:G	M85T	1.000
5:132487064:A:T	M85K	1.000
5:132487067:G:A	A84V	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000551311 (5:132492305 A>C), RS1000601295 (5:132491419 A>G,T), RS1001813535 (5:132488401 G>A), RS1001985007 (5:132485292 T>C), RS1002634394 (5:132492630 A>G), RS10035166 (5:132488235 T>A,C,G), RS1003714259 (5:132489267 C>A), RS1004070391 (5:132492221 C>T), RS1005066452 (5:132490781 C>A,G,T), RS10051145 (5:132485132 A>G), RS1005119321 (5:132491546 G>A), RS1005302435 (5:132484241 A>C), RS10053046 (5:132485866 A>C,G), RS1005792949 (5:132487217 C>T), RS1006219416 (5:132486851 G>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:147575 | disease phenotypes: MIM:613659, MIM:620668

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
immunodeficiency 117	Strong	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (4): gastric cancer (MONDO:0001056), non-small cell lung carcinoma (MONDO:0005233), immunodeficiency 117 (MONDO:0958011), blepharophimosis (MONDO:0001008)

Orphanet (2): Severe mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases due to complete IRF1 deficiency (Orphanet:699615), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Non-small cell lung cancer (Orphanet:488201)

HPO phenotypes

41 total (30 of 41 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000006	Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000246	Sinusitis
HP:0000957	Cafe-au-lait spot
HP:0001217	Clubbing
HP:0001442	Typified by somatic mosaicism
HP:0001508	Failure to thrive
HP:0001744	Splenomegaly
HP:0001873	Thrombocytopenia
HP:0001882	Decreased total leukocyte count
HP:0001903	Anemia
HP:0001945	Fever
HP:0002014	Diarrhea
HP:0002090	Pneumonia
HP:0002240	Hepatomegaly
HP:0002566	Intestinal malrotation
HP:0002783	Recurrent lower respiratory tract infections
HP:0002840	Lymphadenitis
HP:0003261	Increased circulating IgA concentration
HP:0003593	Infantile onset
HP:0005403	Decreased total T cell count
HP:0006519	Alveolar cell carcinoma
HP:0011274	Recurrent mycobacterial infections
HP:0012126	Stomach cancer
HP:0020086	BCGitis
HP:0020087	BCGosis
HP:0030078	Lung adenocarcinoma
HP:0030358	Non-small cell lung carcinoma
HP:0030381	Increased transitional B cell proportion
HP:0032256	Histoplasmosis
HP:0032261	Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection

GWAS associations

43 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000366_3	Fibrinogen	1.000000e-15
GCST000368_1	Fibrinogen	1.000000e-06
GCST000368_5	Fibrinogen	1.000000e-12
GCST000879_15	Crohn’s disease	1.000000e-20
GCST000965_15	C-reactive protein levels	1.000000e-08
GCST001337_15	Platelet count	1.000000e-10
GCST001725_83	Inflammatory bowel disease	1.000000e-52
GCST002147_2	Fibrinogen	2.000000e-21
GCST002147_23	Fibrinogen	2.000000e-48
GCST002445_1	Asthma (sex interaction)	9.000000e-07
GCST004131_32	Inflammatory bowel disease	4.000000e-27
GCST004132_10	Crohn’s disease	6.000000e-36
GCST004133_36	Ulcerative colitis	2.000000e-06
GCST004607_238	Plateletcrit	2.000000e-12
GCST004861_68	Itch intensity from mosquito bite	2.000000e-38
GCST004865_94	Itch intensity from mosquito bite adjusted by bite size	5.000000e-22
GCST005528_18	Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (oligoarticular or rheumatoid factor-negative polyarticular)	1.000000e-09
GCST006862_23	Asthma	2.000000e-11
GCST007089_3	Polycystic ovary syndrome	1.000000e-10
GCST007094_116	Diastolic blood pressure	9.000000e-10
GCST007564_20	Asthma or allergic disease (pleiotropy)	5.000000e-10
GCST007798_25	Asthma	4.000000e-25
GCST007799_18	Asthma (adult onset)	4.000000e-23
GCST007993_12	Asthma (adult onset)	3.000000e-13
GCST007995_19	Asthma (childhood onset)	9.000000e-11
GCST008916_106	Asthma	2.000000e-25
GCST009798_69	Asthma	1.000000e-26
GCST010124_2	Crohn’s disease or systemic sclerosis	2.000000e-11
GCST010536_10	Carotid plaque maximum area	1.000000e-08
GCST010536_12	Carotid plaque maximum area	2.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (11, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004458	C-reactive protein measurement
EFO:0004309	platelet count
EFO:0008343	sex interaction measurement
EFO:0007985	platelet crit
EFO:0008377	mosquito bite reaction itch intensity measurement
EFO:0008378	mosquito bite reaction size measurement
EFO:0006336	diastolic blood pressure
EFO:1002011	adult onset asthma
EFO:0006501	carotid plaque build
EFO:0007986	reticulocyte count
EFO:0004736	aspartate aminotransferase measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (2)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D016569	Blepharophimosis	C11.250.090; C11.338.190; C16.131.384.190
D002289	Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung	C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249; C08.381.540.140.500; C08.785.520.100.220.500

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

118 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Tretinoin	increases localization, affects binding, increases expression, increases reaction, decreases reaction (+2 more)	10
Arsenic Trioxide	increases activity, increases expression, increases reaction, decreases expression	5
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	5
Alitretinoin	increases expression	3
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases expression, decreases reaction, increases abundance	3
bisphenol A	increases methylation, decreases expression, decreases methylation, affects cotreatment	2
tamibarotene	increases expression	2
Am 580	increases reaction, affects localization, increases expression, increases activity, decreases reaction	2
Ro 41-5253	decreases reaction, increases expression	2
monomethylarsonous acid	affects expression, decreases expression	2
bisphenol AF	decreases reaction, increases reaction, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases methylation, increases expression	2
Dactinomycin	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction	2
Estradiol	increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Lipopolysaccharides	decreases reaction, increases expression, affects response to substance	2
Silicon Dioxide	increases expression	2
Particulate Matter	increases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
3-((6-(2-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)phenyl)methane sulfonamide	decreases expression	1
Glupearl 19S	increases expression	1
sotorasib	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
quinone	increases expression, increases reaction	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
geraniol	increases expression	1
methylselenic acid	affects expression	1
titanium dioxide	increases expression	1
trichostatin A	affects expression	1
beta-lapachone	increases expression	1
arsenite	increases methylation	1
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	increases reaction, increases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

11 cell lines: 7 cancer cell line, 3 embryonic stem cell, 1 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_A3E7	SEES3-1V human IRF1, clone1	Embryonic stem cell	Male
CVCL_A3E8	SEES3-1V human IRF1, clone2	Embryonic stem cell	Male
CVCL_A3E9	SEES3-1V human IRF1, clone3	Embryonic stem cell	Male
CVCL_AW28	K562 eGFP-IRF1	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_B1G0	Abcam A-549 IRF1 KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_B1UN	Abcam HeLa IRF1 KO	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_C2UN	BEAS-2B IRF1 KO	Transformed cell line	Male
CVCL_E1MG	HyCyte Ramos KO-hIRF1	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_E8F5	THP1-Dual KO-IRF1	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_SS88	HAP1 IRF1 (-) 1	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00365508	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Counseling and Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Helping Adult Smokers Quit Smoking
NCT00558155	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Impact of Immunostimulating Nutrition on the Outcome of Surgery
NCT00576940	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Standard and Immunostimulating Enteral Nutrition in Surgical Patients
NCT00666978	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Health Education Counseling With or Without Bupropion in Helping African Americans Stop Smoking
NCT01038154	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Pravastatin on Survival and Recurrence of Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer
NCT01234272	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of the Analgesic Effect Between Intrathecal Morphine and IV-fentanyl Patient Controlled Analgesia (ITM-IVPCA) and Epidural PCA (PCEA) in Patients Undergoing Gastrectomy -Randomized Allocation Study-
NCT01260194	PHASE4	TERMINATED	A Study of Herceptin (Trastuzumab) in Combination With Standard Chemotherapy in Patients With HER Positive Metastatic Gastric Cancer
NCT01271582	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Investigation of Association Between UGT1A1 Polymorphisms and Irinotecan Toxicity in Korean Patients
NCT01401075	PHASE4	COMPLETED	RCT With Adjuvant Mistletoe Treatment in Gastric Cancer Patients
NCT01471756	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Improving Complete Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) of Colorectal Neoplasia
NCT01766765	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Early Jejunostomy Nutrition Minimizes Time to Chemotherapy
NCT01910948	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Perioperative Application of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Gastric Cancer Patients
NCT01927328	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Iron Replacement in Oesophagogastric Neoplasia
NCT01962272	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Nutritional Counseling for Cancer Patients
NCT01962376	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Preoperative Chemotherapy With Bevacizumab For Potentially Resectable Gastric Cancer With Liver Metastasis
NCT02047994	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Multicentric Randomized Study of H. Pylori Eradication and Pepsinogen Testing for Prevention of Gastric Cancer Mortality
NCT02235246	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Perioperative Intravenous Magnesium on Pain After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Gastric Neoplasm: Prospective Randomized Double-blind Placebo Controlled Study
NCT02366819	PHASE4	SUSPENDED	Genetic Analysis-Guided Irinotecan Hydrochloride Dosing of mFOLFIRINOX in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced Gastroesophageal or Stomach Cancer
NCT02401971	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Irinotecan Plus Thalidomide in Second Line Advanced Gastric Cancer
NCT02458573	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of the Effects of Continuous Epidural Analgesia and Continuous Intravenous Analgesia on Postoperative Bowel Movement in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gastrectomy
NCT02638584	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Ilaprazole on Ulcer Healing Rate and Prevention of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Patients Undergone ESD.
NCT02776527	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	A Clinical Trial of Maintenance Treatment of Apatinib in Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients Have Completed Postoprative Adjuvant Chemotherapy
NCT03384511	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Use of 18F-ALF-NOTA-PRGD2 PET/CT Scan to Predict the Efficacy and Adverse Events of Apatinib in Malignancies.
NCT03550482	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Oncoxin® and Quality of Life in Cancer Patients
NCT03609892	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Helicobacter Rescue Therapy With Berberine Plus Amoxicillin Quadruple Therapy Versus Tetracycline Plus Furazolidone Quadruple Therapy
NCT03642093	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	HOPE - A Study to Evaluate the Effect of a Prehabilitation Program on GI Cancer Patients Planning to Undergo Surgery
NCT03733639	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Tisseel® as a Reinforcement of Esophagojejunal Anastomoses
NCT04168346	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Preoperative Intravenous Iron Therapy in Patients With Gastric Cancer
NCT04209933	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Helicobacter Pylori Eradication With Different Bismuth Quadruple Therapies
NCT04591028	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	A Study to Evaluate Indocyanine Green Lymphangiography to Improve Lymphadenectomy in Gastric Cancer Patients
NCT04607057	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Supplemental Parenteral Nutrition During Postgastrectomy in Nutritionally at Risk Patient
NCT04660123	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Real World Study of Bismuth Colloidal Pectin Granules Quadruple Therapy for H. Pylori Eradication
NCT04678492	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Helicobacter Rescue Therapy With High-dose Esomeprazole and Amoxicillin Dual Therapy Versus Bismuth-containing Quadruple Therapy
NCT04697186	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Helicobacter Pylori Eradication With Berberine Plus Amoxicillin Triple Therapy Versus Bismuth-containing Quadruple Therapy
NCT05029453	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Apatinib Combined With Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy in Second-line Gastric Cancer Receiving Prior Anti-PD-1 Therapy
NCT05183126	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Pharmacokinetic Study of Skeletal Muscle Area-based Paclitaxel Infusion in Patients With Cancer
NCT05354856	PHASE4	TERMINATED	The Effect of Chemoradiotherapy on Gastric Perfusion in Patients With Gastric Cancer.
NCT05410535	PHASE4	COMPLETED	To Evaluate Efficacy of Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) for the Prevention of Gallstone Formation After Gasterectomy
NCT05498766	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Effect and Safety of Huaier Granule Versus SOX Regimen in Gastric Cancer Patients
NCT05518929	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Hypoxia During Gastroenterological Endoscope Procedures Sedated With Ciprofol In Overweight Or Obesity Patients