ITGAM

Summary

ITGAM (integrin subunit alpha M, HGNC:6149) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 16p11.2, encoding Integrin alpha-M (P11215). Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 is implicated in various adhesive interactions of monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes as well as in mediating the uptake of complement-coated particles and pathogens.

This gene encodes the integrin alpha M chain. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This I-domain containing alpha integrin combines with the beta 2 chain (ITGB2) to form a leukocyte-specific integrin referred to as macrophage receptor 1 (‘Mac-1’), or inactivated-C3b (iC3b) receptor 3 (‘CR3’). The alpha M beta 2 integrin is important in the adherence of neutrophils and monocytes to stimulated endothelium, and also in the phagocytosis of complement coated particles. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 3684 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): systemic lupus erythematosus (Supportive, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 24
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 1,126 total
• Phenotypes (HPO): 44
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_000632

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:6149
Approved symbol	ITGAM
Name	integrin subunit alpha M
Location	16p11.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	HNA-4, MAC-1, CD11b
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000169896
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	120980
Entrez	3684

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 12 — 8 protein_coding, 4 retained_intron

ENST00000544665, ENST00000561838, ENST00000565142, ENST00000567031, ENST00000567178, ENST00000569746, ENST00000570242, ENST00000648685, ENST00000882543, ENST00000943359, ENST00000943360, ENST00000943361

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_000632 NM_000632, NM_001145808

CCDS: CCDS45470, CCDS54004

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000544665 — 30 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001028855	31266030	31266147
ENSE00001028857	31270954	31271084
ENSE00001028860	31321241	31321371
ENSE00001028868	31324651	31324782
ENSE00001028953	31276671	31276744
ENSE00001028959	31275549	31275699
ENSE00001028971	31276920	31277049
ENSE00001028975	31273365	31273518
ENSE00001191829	31331165	31331275
ENSE00001191835	31330504	31330605
ENSE00001191837	31330308	31330421
ENSE00001191843	31330081	31330164
ENSE00001191849	31328147	31328230
ENSE00001191883	31324399	31324553
ENSE00001191889	31321464	31321627
ENSE00001191904	31277967	31278109
ENSE00001191919	31271847	31271992
ENSE00001242102	31326856	31326935
ENSE00001304825	31261692	31261797
ENSE00001675692	31265811	31265881
ENSE00001709132	31297745	31297954
ENSE00001802514	31265395	31265498
ENSE00002597219	31331636	31332877
ENSE00002607129	31259975	31260092
ENSE00003483095	31325500	31325622
ENSE00003552124	31329228	31329303
ENSE00003556782	31324958	31325031
ENSE00003573799	31325263	31325404
ENSE00003594689	31297514	31297654
ENSE00003634755	31329798	31329905

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 236 present calls, max score 98.90.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 16.8477 / max 994.4168, expressed in 493 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
153801	12.0102	483
153802	4.0570	353
153800	0.6411	138
207843	0.1395	62

Top tissues by expression

280 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	98.90	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	98.84	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	98.78	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	98.59	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	98.15	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	97.94	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	97.70	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	97.00	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	92.56	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	90.95	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	90.27	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	89.92	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	89.03	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	88.39	gold quality
synovial joint	UBERON:0002217	88.08	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	87.27	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	87.24	gold quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	87.11	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	87.10	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	86.64	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	86.59	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	86.28	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	85.87	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	85.57	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	85.48	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	85.45	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	85.38	gold quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	85.02	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	83.93	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	83.66	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	22.95
E-MTAB-9067	yes	13.49

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CCL3, CD34, HIF1A, HNRNPK, IRF4, SP1, SPI1, STAT3, ZNF148

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

30 targeting ITGAM, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6867-5P	100.00	82.21	3464
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-3120-5P	100.00	65.56	965
HSA-MIR-548AW	99.99	72.57	3559
HSA-MIR-548N	99.98	71.94	4170
HSA-MIR-6891-5P	99.98	66.53	1372
HSA-MIR-539-5P	99.93	70.30	2855
HSA-MIR-5010-3P	99.83	70.60	2357
HSA-MIR-4517	99.76	69.19	1867
HSA-MIR-4530	99.69	66.47	1509
HSA-MIR-7157-5P	99.66	69.33	1829
HSA-MIR-4310	99.59	68.84	2527
HSA-MIR-4643	99.49	67.63	1791
HSA-MIR-142-5P	99.48	70.92	2416
HSA-MIR-5590-3P	99.48	70.91	2429
HSA-MIR-8064	99.45	66.92	875
HSA-MIR-4251	99.40	69.19	3363
HSA-MIR-377-3P	99.37	70.18	1905
HSA-MIR-7151-5P	99.37	67.82	613
HSA-MIR-8070	99.07	69.30	1303
HSA-MIR-6846-5P	98.81	65.86	1121
HSA-MIR-6848-5P	98.81	65.49	1126
HSA-MIR-603	98.58	68.28	1603
HSA-MIR-654-3P	98.38	67.61	905
HSA-MIR-512-5P	97.47	66.48	591
HSA-MIR-342-3P	96.44	67.48	1344
HSA-MIR-5579-5P	96.32	68.54	730
HSA-MIR-1268A	87.06	61.46	145
HSA-MIR-1268B	87.06	61.46	145

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Mac-1 molecules mediated cell adhesion predominantly to fibrinogen, and its early degradation products, fragments X and Y (PMID:11881155)
• CD11b-mediated adhesion of myeloid leukemia cells in the course of induced monocytic differentiation is crucial for cell attachment, development of a monocytic phenotype and subsequent survival. (PMID:11893077)
• Respiratory syncytial virus enhances the expression of CD11b molecules by human eosinophils primed with platelet-activating factor (PMID:11937770)
• CD11b may play an important role in pathogenic process(in COPD) (PMID:11953106)
• fibroblasts prostaglandin-E2 is elevated in Alzheimer’s disease (prostaglandin-E2, PGE2) (PMID:12009501)
• Identification of integrin alpha(M)beta(2) as an adhesion receptor on human peripheral blood monocytes for Cyr61 and connective tissue growth factor: immediate-early gene products expressed in atherosclerotic lesions.(integrin alpha(M)beta(2)) (PMID:12036876)
• Impaired neutrophil actin assembly causes persistent expression and reduced primary granule exocytosis in Type II diabetes (PMID:12107753)
• Increased expression of CD11b/CD18 adhesion molecules was obtained in PV and ET patients, which could be associated with increased leukocyte adehesiveness contributing to the hypercoagulable state. (PMID:12145463)
• mediates type I phagocytosis under nonopsonic conditions and type II under opsonic conditions (PMID:12165526)
• The junctional adhesion molecule 3 (JAM-3) on human platelets is a counterreceptor for the leukocyte integrin Mac-1. (PMID:12208882)
• Histoplasma capsulatum inhibits apoptosis and Mac-1 expression in leucocytes. (PMID:12234260)
• Mac-1 (CD11b) is required for neutrophil-Fc alpha RI binding of secretory IgA and subsequent neutrophil activation. (PMID:12244179)
• investigation of molecular basis for broad ligand recognition (PMID:12377763)
• iIgA promotes neutrophil apoptosis through a mechanism dependent on Mac-1(CD11b) cooperation, which involves the activation of the respiratory burst (PMID:12377937)
• The mechanism that regulates the unmasking of the integrin alpha M cryptic binding site in the gamma C-domain of fibrinogen has been identified. (PMID:12390020)
• recognition of uPA by alpha(M)beta(2) allows for formation of a multicontact trimolecular complex, in which a single uPA ligand may bind to both uPAR and alpha(M)beta(2); interaction of uPA with each receptor influences cell adhesion and migration (PMID:12393547)
• ZBP-89 is a repressor of the human beta 2-integrin CD11b gene during differentiation of monocytes into macrophages (PMID:12393719)
• The same lectin domain within CD11b regulates both the cytotoxic and adhesion functions of Mac-1/CR3. (PMID:12444150)
• Stabilizing the integrin alpha M inserted domain in alternative conformations with a range of engineered disulfide bonds. (PMID:12466503)
• Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) is crucial for effective Fc receptor-mediated immunity to melanoma. (PMID:12485936)
• Leptospira interrogans binds to the CR3 receptor on neutrophils (PMID:12495676)
• Adhesion of dendritic cells derived from CD34+ progenitors to resting human dermal microvascular endothelial cells is down-regulated upon maturation and partially depends on CD11a-CD18, CD11b-CD18 and CD36. (PMID:12516552)
• Level of expression of the adhesion molecule/complement receptor CD11b/CD18 and the chemokine receptor IL-8 receptor-A was also higher after vaginal delivery. (PMID:12576754)
• the expression of ICAM-1 might involve both p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB activities, whereas the regulation of CD11b, CD18, and ICAM-3 expressions might be mediated through p38 MAPK but not NF-kappaB. (PMID:12600815)
• uPAR up-regulated the Mac-1 adhesion to fibrinogen, and focal adhesion kinase and MAPK were involved in this regulation (PMID:12665127)
• ICAM-4 binds to the I domain of this integrin. (PMID:12694184)
• Fibrinogen-CD11b/CD18 interaction activates the NF-kappa B pathway and delays apoptosis in human neutrophils. (PMID:12731070)
• Our results indicate that induction of Ca2+ entry by the depletion of Ca2+ from intracellular stores upregulates CD11b/CD18 expression on eosinophils and primes eosinophil transmigration across lung epithelium. (PMID:12760968)
• three separate domains of alpha M beta 2 (the alpha MI-domain, the alpha M beta-propeller, and the beta 2I-domain) function together and contribute to the formation of the C3bi-binding site (PMID:12816955)
• The extracellular, membrane-proximal region of the CD11b receptor subunit plays an important role in integrin activation and therefore could be targeted by certain cell surface proteins as a conduit to control the integrin “inside-out” signaling process. (PMID:12847278)
• Interaction of proteinase 3 with CD11b/CD18 (beta2 integrin) on the cell membrane of human neutrophils. (PMID:12960243)
• cooperative engagement of CR3 on both the lectin-like site involved in beta-glucan binding and the I-domain involved in C3bi binding produces AA release (PMID:14532278)
• CD11b expression with the whole blood flow cytometry seemed feasible and reliable in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. (PMID:14751053)
• assembly of Plg and uPA on integrin alpha(M)beta(2) regulates Plm activity and plays a crucial role in neutrophil-mediated thrombolysis (PMID:14769799)
• The interaction between Mac-1 and Thy-1 is involved in the adhesion of leukocytes to activated endothelial cells as well as in subsequent transendothelial migration of leukocytes into the perivascular tissue. (PMID:15004192)
• Some anti-Mart antibodies interfere with Mac-1-dependent cellular functions of neutrophils. (PMID:15073035)
• platelet-activating factor or interleukin 8 acted in concert with P-selectin for further enhancing the activation of alphaMbeta2 (PMID:15217824)
• Myeloid-related proteins-induced increased adhesion of monocytes to Fibronectin and upregulation of CD11b contribute to a facilitated accumulation of monocytes (PMID:15277376)
• BAP31 may play a role in regulating intracellular trafficking of CD11b/CD18 in neutrophils (PMID:15294914)
• studies of the interaction of the ligand binding alphaMI-domain of alphaMbeta2 with the D fragment of fibrinogen, which has multiple binding sites for integrin alphaMbeta2 (PMID:15304494)

Cross-species orthologs

9 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Itgam	ENSMUSG00000030786
rattus_norvegicus	Itgad	ENSRNOG00000019728
drosophila_melanogaster	if	FBGN0001250
drosophila_melanogaster	mew	FBGN0004456
drosophila_melanogaster	ItgaPS4	FBGN0034005
drosophila_melanogaster	ItgaPS5	FBGN0034880
drosophila_melanogaster	scb	FBGN0286785
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002081
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00003929

Paralogs (17): ITGAL (ENSG00000005844), ITGA3 (ENSG00000005884), ITGA2B (ENSG00000005961), ITGA8 (ENSG00000077943), ITGAE (ENSG00000083457), ITGA6 (ENSG00000091409), ITGA4 (ENSG00000115232), ITGA7 (ENSG00000135424), ITGA11 (ENSG00000137809), ITGAV (ENSG00000138448), ITGAX (ENSG00000140678), ITGA10 (ENSG00000143127), ITGA9 (ENSG00000144668), ITGAD (ENSG00000156886), ITGA5 (ENSG00000161638), ITGA2 (ENSG00000164171), ITGA1 (ENSG00000213949)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Integrin alpha-M — P11215 (reviewed: P11215)

Alternative names: CD11 antigen-like family member B, CR-3 alpha chain, Cell surface glycoprotein MAC-1 subunit alpha, Leukocyte adhesion receptor MO1, Neutrophil adherence receptor

All UniProt accessions (3): P11215, H3BMV4, I3NI33

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 is implicated in various adhesive interactions of monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes as well as in mediating the uptake of complement-coated particles and pathogens. It is identical with CR-3, the receptor for the iC3b fragment of the third complement component. It probably recognizes the R-G-D peptide in C3b. Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 is also a receptor for fibrinogen and factor X. It recognizes P1 and P2 peptides of fibrinogen gamma chain. Regulates neutrophil migration. In association with beta subunit ITGB2/CD18, required for CD177-PRTN3-mediated activation of TNF primed neutrophils. Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 is also a receptor for ICAM1 ligand ensuring adhesion between stimulated neutrophils and stimulated endothelial cells. May regulate phagocytosis-induced apoptosis in extravasated neutrophils. May play a role in mast cell development. Required with TYROBP/DAP12 in microglia to control production of microglial superoxide ions which promote the neuronal apoptosis that occurs during brain development.

Subunit / interactions. Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. ITGAM associates with ITGB2. Found in a complex with CD177 and ITGB2/CD18. Interacts with JAM3. Interacts with THBD. Interacts with complement factor H/CFH; this interaction mediates adhesion of neutrophils to pathogens leading to pathogen clearance. Interacts with TMEM268; this interaction inhibits ITGAM degradation via the endosome-lysosome pathway.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane. Membrane raft.

Tissue specificity. Predominantly expressed in monocytes and granulocytes. Expressed in neutrophils (at protein level).

Disease relevance. Systemic lupus erythematosus 6 (SLEB6) [MIM:609939] A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. Disease susceptibility may be associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Domain organisation. The integrin I-domain (insert) is a VWFA domain. Integrins with I-domains do not undergo protease cleavage.

Similarity. Belongs to the integrin alpha chain family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P11215-1	1	yes
P11215-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_000623, NP_001139280 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000413	Integrin_alpha	Family
IPR002035	VWF_A	Domain
IPR013517	FG-GAP	Repeat
IPR013519	Int_alpha_beta-p	Repeat
IPR013649	Integrin_alpha_Ig-like_1	Domain
IPR018184	Integrin_alpha_C_CS	Conserved_site
IPR028994	Integrin_alpha_N	Homologous_superfamily
IPR032695	Integrin_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036465	vWFA_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR048285	Integrin_alpha_Ig-like_2	Domain
IPR048633	ITGAX-like_Ig_3	Domain

Pfam: PF00092, PF00357, PF01839, PF08441, PF20805, PF21520

UniProt features (170 total): strand 77, helix 22, glycosylation site 19, turn 11, binding site 11, disulfide bond 10, repeat 7, sequence variant 4, topological domain 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, short sequence motif 1, transmembrane region 1, splice variant 1, sequence conflict 1, domain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

31 structures, top 30 by resolution.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
1MF7	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.25
1NA5	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.5
8CE6	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.58
1IDO	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.7
1JLM	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2
4XW2	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2
8CE9	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.11
1M1U	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
1N9Z	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5
9RM9	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.6
1BHO	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
1BHQ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
1IDN	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
3Q3G	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
7USL	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.7
7USM	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.7
9T5W	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.74
6RHW	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.75
4M76	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.8
3QA3	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3
9T5V	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.06
9T5Z	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.1
7P2D	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.2
7AKK	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.4
9T3Y	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.44
9GMU	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.8
9RMA	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.94
2LKE	SOLUTION NMR
2LKJ	SOLUTION NMR
8VOH	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P11215-F1	86.30	0.51

Antibody-complex structures (SAbDab): 5 — 3Q3G, 3QA3, 7P2D, 7USL, 9GMU

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (11): 465; 467; 469; 473; 529; 531; 533; 537; 592; 596; 600

Disulfide bonds (10): 66–73, 105–123, 113–144, 494–505, 638–721, 654–711, 770–776, 847–864, 998–1022, 1027–1032

Glycosylation sites (19): 86, 240, 391, 469, 692, 696, 734, 801, 880, 900, 911, 940, 946, 978, 993, 1021, 1044, 1050, 1075

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

12 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-166016	Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade
R-HSA-202733	Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall
R-HSA-216083	Integrin cell surface interactions
R-HSA-6785807	Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling
R-HSA-6798695	Neutrophil degranulation
R-HSA-109582	Hemostasis
R-HSA-1280215	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
R-HSA-1474244	Extracellular matrix organization
R-HSA-168249	Innate Immune System
R-HSA-168256	Immune System
R-HSA-168898	Toll-like Receptor Cascades
R-HSA-449147	Signaling by Interleukins

MSigDB gene sets: 474 (showing top): GOBP_PHENOL_CONTAINING_COMPOUND_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_NITROGEN_COMPOUND, REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_ESTRADIOL, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_AMINE, SWEET_KRAS_ONCOGENIC_SIGNATURE, REACTOME_CYTOKINE_SIGNALING_IN_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, MODULE_255, GOBP_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_DEGRANULATION, MODULE_45, MODULE_64, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_SUPEROXIDE_ANION_GENERATION, GOBP_PROTEIN_TARGETING

GO Biological Process (29): microglial cell activation (GO:0001774), response to amphetamine (GO:0001975), complement receptor mediated signaling pathway (GO:0002430), response to ischemia (GO:0002931), receptor-mediated endocytosis (GO:0006898), phagocytosis, engulfment (GO:0006911), cell adhesion (GO:0007155), cell-matrix adhesion (GO:0007160), integrin-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0007229), response to mechanical stimulus (GO:0009612), ectodermal cell differentiation (GO:0010668), forebrain development (GO:0030900), response to estradiol (GO:0032355), positive regulation of superoxide anion generation (GO:0032930), heterotypic cell-cell adhesion (GO:0034113), positive regulation of neutrophil degranulation (GO:0043315), innate immune response (GO:0045087), negative regulation of dopamine metabolic process (GO:0045963), positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane (GO:0090314), amyloid-beta clearance (GO:0097242), cell-cell adhesion (GO:0098609), obsolete cell-cell adhesion via plasma-membrane adhesion molecules (GO:0098742), response to Gram-positive bacterium (GO:0140459), complement-mediated synapse pruning (GO:0150062), vertebrate eye-specific patterning (GO:0150064), positive regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity (GO:1904151), response to curcumin (GO:1904643), immune system process (GO:0002376), positive regulation of metabolic process (GO:0009893)

GO Molecular Function (9): amyloid-beta binding (GO:0001540), complement component C3b binding (GO:0001851), integrin binding (GO:0005178), heat shock protein binding (GO:0031072), signaling receptor activity (GO:0038023), cargo receptor activity (GO:0038024), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), protein binding (GO:0005515), protein-containing complex binding (GO:0044877)

GO Cellular Component (12): obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), integrin complex (GO:0008305), external side of plasma membrane (GO:0009897), cell surface (GO:0009986), integrin alphaM-beta2 complex (GO:0034688), specific granule membrane (GO:0035579), plasma membrane raft (GO:0044853), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), tertiary granule membrane (GO:0070821), membrane (GO:0016020), membrane raft (GO:0045121)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-7 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Innate Immune System	2
Immune System	2
Toll-like Receptor Cascades	1
Hemostasis	1
Extracellular matrix organization	1
Signaling by Interleukins	1
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
binding	2
plasma membrane	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
secretory granule membrane	2
leukocyte activation involved in inflammatory response	1
macrophage activation	1
glial cell activation	1
response to amine	1
immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway	1
response to stress	1
endocytosis	1
phagocytosis	1
plasma membrane invagination	1
cellular process	1
cell-substrate adhesion	1
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	1
response to external stimulus	1
response to abiotic stimulus	1
ectoderm development	1
cell differentiation	1
brain development	1
anatomical structure development	1
response to lipid	1
response to oxygen-containing compound	1
regulation of superoxide anion generation	1
superoxide anion generation	1
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	1
cell-cell adhesion	1
positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity	1
positive regulation of leukocyte degranulation	1
neutrophil degranulation	1
regulation of neutrophil degranulation	1
positive regulation of immune response	1
immune response	1
defense response to symbiont	1
negative regulation of amine metabolic process	1
regulation of dopamine metabolic process	1
dopamine metabolic process	1
protein targeting to membrane	1
positive regulation of cellular process	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

4626 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ITGAM	ITGB2	P05107	999
ITGAM	ICAM1	P05362	996
ITGAM	THY1	P04216	987
ITGAM	VCAM1	P19320	986
ITGAM	GP1BA	P07359	982
ITGAM	ICAM2	P13598	968
ITGAM	CD209	Q9NNX6	960
ITGAM	PTPRC	P08575	955
ITGAM	FCGR3B	O75015	947
ITGAM	JAM3	Q9BX67	940
ITGAM	CD8A	P01732	932
ITGAM	ITGAL	P20701	930
ITGAM	CD4	P01730	929
ITGAM	SELP	P16109	926
ITGAM	MRC1	P22897	924

IntAct

124 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
ITGAM	PTN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.620
ITGAM	TMX2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	HSD17B13	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	PIGP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	TMEM14B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	ABHD16A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	KASH5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
	ITGAM	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	CREB3L1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GPR42	ITGAM	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	MRM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	REEP2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	SLC10A6	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	CD79A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	KCNJ6	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	KIR2DL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	GJA8	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	TMEM52B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	ELOVL4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	CERS4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	SYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GJB1	ITGAM	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	RUSF1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ITGAM	GORAB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560

BioGRID (66): SHARPIN (Protein-peptide), ITGAM (Co-fractionation), ITGAM (Two-hybrid), ITGAM (Affinity Capture-Western), ITGAM (Affinity Capture-MS), ITGAM (Two-hybrid), ITGAM (Two-hybrid), ITGAM (Two-hybrid), ITGAM (Two-hybrid), ITGAM (Two-hybrid), ITGAM (Two-hybrid), ITGAM (Two-hybrid), ITGAM (Two-hybrid), ITGAM (Two-hybrid), ITGAM (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2ARA8, B0S5N4, B8JK39, F1MMS9, O08665, P05555, P06756, P08514, P08648, P11215, P11688, P13612, P17301, P17852, P18564, P20701, P23229, P24063, P26006, P26007, P26008, P26009, P38570, P43406, P53708, P53710, P53711, P61622, P61625, P80746, Q00651, Q06274, Q13683, Q13797, Q60677, Q61738, Q61739, Q62469, Q62470, Q63258

Diamond homologs: A2AX52, A6H584, A6NMZ7, A6QLN9, A8TX70, E7FF10, O00339, O08746, O42401, O75578, O89029, P05099, P05555, P11215, P12111, P15989, P20701, P20702, P34576, P51942, P61625, Q02388, Q13349, Q21281, Q21540, Q28902, Q3V0T4, Q63870, Q642A6, Q6PCB0, Q6UXI7, Q8C6K9, Q8NFW1, Q8R2Z5, Q90615, Q91145, Q923P0, Q95LI2, Q96P44, Q9P218

SIGNOR signaling

6 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
ITGAM	up-regulates	ICAM1	binding
SPI1	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	ITGAM	“transcriptional regulation”
ITGAM	up-regulates	Differentiation
ITGAM	“form complex”	“AM/b2 integrin”	binding
C5AR2	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	ITGAM
C5AR1	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	ITGAM

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

1126 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	633
Likely benign	434
Benign	30

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

4194 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
16:31265391:ACAG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:31265393:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:31265393:AGGGT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:31265394:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:31265394:GGGTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:31265494:GCAGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
16:31265495:CAGGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
16:31265496:AGGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
16:31265497:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
16:31265497:GGGTG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
16:31265498:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
16:31265499:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
16:31265809:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:31265810:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:31270949:CCCA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:31270951:CAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:31270952:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:31270952:A:AT	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:31270952:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:31270953:G:GA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:31270953:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:31270953:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:31270953:GGGT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:31271096:GGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
16:31271097:GGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
16:31271988:GTGGT:G	donor_gain	1.0000
16:31273351:T:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:31273358:T:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:31273360:CACA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:31273361:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

7553 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
16:31330531:A:C	S1068R	0.996
16:31330533:C:A	S1068R	0.996
16:31330533:C:G	S1068R	0.996
16:31271040:T:C	F172L	0.992
16:31271042:T:A	F172L	0.992
16:31271042:T:G	F172L	0.992
16:31270994:T:A	D156E	0.990
16:31270994:T:G	D156E	0.990
16:31270993:A:T	D156V	0.989
16:31270999:C:T	S158F	0.989
16:31273434:T:A	D258E	0.989
16:31273434:T:G	D258E	0.989
16:31331222:A:C	S1112R	0.989
16:31331224:C:A	S1112R	0.989
16:31331224:C:G	S1112R	0.989
16:31271004:A:C	S160R	0.988
16:31271006:C:A	S160R	0.988
16:31271006:C:G	S160R	0.988
16:31273433:A:T	D258V	0.988
16:31275642:T:C	F318L	0.988
16:31275644:T:A	F318L	0.988
16:31275644:T:G	F318L	0.988
16:31270984:T:C	F153S	0.987
16:31270998:T:C	S158P	0.987
16:31271865:T:C	S193P	0.987
16:31275643:T:G	F318C	0.986
16:31261763:T:C	F34L	0.985
16:31261765:C:A	F34L	0.985
16:31261765:C:G	F34L	0.985
16:31275601:C:A	A304E	0.985

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000068561 (16:31284488 C>T), RS1000069240 (16:31261515 T>G), RS1000120561 (16:31305458 G>A), RS1000131278 (16:31312027 TCGCAAGGACAAAAAACCA>T), RS1000146715 (16:31267197 T>C), RS1000167555 (16:31273851 T>A), RS1000186565 (16:31323600 T>C), RS1000187394 (16:31280319 A>C,G), RS1000211536 (16:31286298 G>A), RS1000215114 (16:31323470 G>C), RS1000261333 (16:31307348 C>G), RS1000278079 (16:31329767 C>T), RS1000315956 (16:31285641 A>T), RS1000325698 (16:31285964 G>A,T), RS1000394651 (16:31329484 C>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:120980 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
systemic lupus erythematosus	Supportive	Unknown

Mondo (1): systemic lupus erythematosus (MONDO:0007915)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

44 total (30 of 44 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000093	Proteinuria
HP:0000155	Oral ulcer
HP:0000488	Retinopathy
HP:0000716	Depression
HP:0000790	Hematuria
HP:0000822	Hypertension
HP:0000992	Cutaneous photosensitivity
HP:0001250	Seizure
HP:0001369	Arthritis
HP:0001596	Alopecia
HP:0001824	Weight loss
HP:0001873	Thrombocytopenia
HP:0001878	Hemolytic anemia
HP:0001882	Decreased total leukocyte count
HP:0001945	Fever
HP:0002039	Anorexia
HP:0002072	Chorea
HP:0002716	Lymphadenopathy
HP:0003453	Antineutrophil antibody positivity
HP:0003493	Antinuclear antibody positivity
HP:0005421	Decreased circulating complement C3 concentration
HP:0005764	Polyarticular arthritis
HP:0007417	Discoid lupus rash
HP:0012085	Pyuria
HP:0012378	Fatigue
HP:0020151	Anti-dsDNA antibody positivity
HP:0025300	Malar rash
HP:0030880	Raynaud phenomenon
HP:0032235	Anti-La/SS-B antibody positivity
HP:0033028	Anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein antibody positivity

GWAS associations

24 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000142_4	Systemic lupus erythematosus	2.000000e-23
GCST000144_6	Systemic lupus erythematosus	3.000000e-11
GCST000216_5	Systemic lupus erythematosus	2.000000e-06
GCST000996_16	Systemic lupus erythematosus	1.000000e-15
GCST001795_34	Systemic lupus erythematosus	7.000000e-06
GCST002069_18	Systemic lupus erythematosus and Systemic sclerosis	1.000000e-10
GCST002463_22	Systemic lupus erythematosus	4.000000e-11
GCST002655_1	IgA nephropathy	1.000000e-08
GCST002655_10	IgA nephropathy	8.000000e-13
GCST002655_9	IgA nephropathy	1.000000e-11
GCST003155_20	Systemic lupus erythematosus	3.000000e-76
GCST003156_18	Systemic lupus erythematosus	4.000000e-53
GCST003252_5	Systemic lupus erythematosus	3.000000e-21
GCST003622_41	Systemic lupus erythematosus	5.000000e-48
GCST004867_36	Systemic lupus erythematosus	2.000000e-20
GCST005524_8	Autoimmune thyroid diseases (Graves disease or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis)	5.000000e-08
GCST005526_8	Graves’ disease	4.000000e-08
GCST005752_124	Systemic lupus erythematosus	9.000000e-85
GCST005752_20	Systemic lupus erythematosus	7.000000e-22
GCST005752_24	Systemic lupus erythematosus	2.000000e-13
GCST007400_40	Systemic lupus erythematosus	3.000000e-62
GCST009240_34	Serum metabolite levels (CMS)	6.000000e-11
GCST010241_223	Apolipoprotein A1 levels	2.000000e-09
GCST011426_34	Systemic lupus erythematosus	6.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004614	apolipoprotein A 1 measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D008180	Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic	C17.300.480; C20.111.590

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (3): CHEMBL2111362 (PROTEIN COMPLEX), CHEMBL3826 (SINGLE PROTEIN), CHEMBL4106121 (PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: catalytic receptor — Integrins

ChEMBL bioactivities

9 potent at pChembl≥5 of 20 total, top 9 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
7.33	IC50	47.2	nM	CHEMBL5417237
7.27	IC50	53.4	nM	CHEMBL5417237
6.85	IC50	140	nM	CHEMBL4243248
6.61	IC50	244	nM	CHEMBL5419935
6.48	IC50	330	nM	CHEMBL81782
6.45	IC50	353	nM	CHEMBL5419935
5.60	IC50	2500	nM	CHEMBL81782
5.60	IC50	2500	nM	CHEMBL4243248
5.19	IC50	6500	nM	CHEMBL5271349

PubChem BioAssay actives

9 with measured affinity, of 57 total; 5 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
(2S,5S,8S,11S,14S)-8-methyl-2-[[4-[(2-methylphenyl)carbamoylamino]phenyl]methyl]-5-(2-methylpropyl)-3,6,9,12,16-pentaoxo-11-propan-2-yl-1,4,7,10,13-pentazacyclohexadecane-14-carboxylic acid	2029965: Binding affinity to alphaMbeta2 integrin receptor (unknown origin) preincubated for 30 mins followed by 30 mins incubation in fibrinogen coated wells by fluorescence based assay	ic50	0.0472	uM
2-[(1E,3E)-4-(3,4-dihydro-2H-quinolin-1-yl)buta-1,3-dienyl]-1-ethylbenzo[e][1,3]benzothiazol-1-ium chloride	1393264: Inhibition of C3bi-AP binding to CR3 derived from human PMN	ic50	0.1400	uM
(2R,5S,8S,11S,14R)-8-(carboxymethyl)-2-[[4-[(2-methylphenyl)carbamoylamino]phenyl]methyl]-5-(2-methylpropyl)-3,6,9,12,16-pentaoxo-11-propan-2-yl-1,4,7,10,13-pentazacyclohexadecane-14-carboxylic acid	2029965: Binding affinity to alphaMbeta2 integrin receptor (unknown origin) preincubated for 30 mins followed by 30 mins incubation in fibrinogen coated wells by fluorescence based assay	ic50	0.2440	uM
(2E)-3-ethyl-2-[(Z)-3-(3-ethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium-2-yl)prop-2-enylidene]-1,3-benzothiazole iodide	1393264: Inhibition of C3bi-AP binding to CR3 derived from human PMN	ic50	0.3300	uM
(3S)-3-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(1R,3R,4aS,4bS,6aS,8S,10aS,10bS,12aS)-8-methoxy-10a,12a-dimethylspiro[3,4,4a,4b,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10b,11,12-tetradecahydronaphtho[2,1-f]isochromene-1,2’-oxolane]-3-carbonyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-amino-4-oxobutanoic acid	1927075: Antagonist activity at integrin CD11B/CD18 (unknown origin)	ic50	6.5000	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

160 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Tretinoin	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases localization, affects expression, increases response to substance (+5 more)	39
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases localization, affects cotreatment	12
Calcitriol	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases reaction, affects binding, decreases reaction	11
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction, affects cotreatment	9
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	5
Dimethyl Sulfoxide	affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction	5
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction	5
tamibarotene	decreases reaction, increases expression, affects expression, increases reaction	4
3-methyladenine	affects localization, increases localization, affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases expression	3
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	decreases reaction, increases expression	3
U 0126	affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases expression	3
lithocholic acid acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	3
Calcimycin	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases reaction	3
Decitabine	affects expression, increases expression, increases reaction	3
Lipopolysaccharides	increases expression	3
sodium arsenite	increases expression	2
arsenic disulfide	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction	2
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction	2
4-amino-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl retinate	decreases reaction, increases expression, affects expression, increases reaction	2
Cadmium	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases reaction, decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Dexamethasone	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction	2
Heparin	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Platelet Activating Factor	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction	2
Vitamin D	increases expression, increases reaction	2
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	2
Sirolimus	affects cotreatment, decreases reaction, increases expression, increases localization, increases reaction	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
SHP099	increases expression, increases reaction	1
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride	decreases reaction, increases localization	1
parthenolide	increases expression, increases reaction	1

ChEMBL screening assays

14 unique, capped per target: 12 binding, 2 functional

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL1037931	Functional	Agonist activity at CD11b/CD18 expressed in K562 cells assessed as increase in cell adhesion to fibrinogen	Identification of novel agonists of the integrin CD11b/CD18. — Bioorg Med Chem Lett
CHEMBL1249611	Binding	Binding affinity to alphaMbeta2 integrin expressed in CHO cells by flow cytometry	Combinatorial chemistry identifies high-affinity peptidomimetics against alpha4beta1 integrin for in vivo tumor imaging. — Nat Chem Biol

Cellosaurus cell lines

7 cell lines: 6 cancer cell line, 1 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B8IT	Abcam HCT 116 ITGAM KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_B8XN	Abcam MCF-7 ITGAM KO	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_B9L3	Abcam A-549 ITGAM KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_D7SP	Ubigene A-549 ITGAM KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_D8EJ	Ubigene BEAS-2B ITGAM KO	Transformed cell line	Male
CVCL_E4AH	K-562 KC/16	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_F1U5	HyCyte THP-1 KO-hITGAM	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00120887	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Lupus Atherosclerosis Prevention Study
NCT00125307	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Tacrolimus for the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Membranous Nephritis
NCT00188188	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Study of Endothelial Dysfunction in Systemic Lupus and Its Role in Heart Disease
NCT00371501	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Aspirin and Statins for Prevention of Atherosclerosis and Arterial Thromboembolism in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
NCT00392093	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Lupus Activity
NCT00413361	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Reduction of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Flares :Study PLUS
NCT00508898	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	The Efficacy and Safety of Calcitriol for the Treatment of Lupus Nephritis and Persistent Proteinuria
NCT00668330	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Steroid Induced Osteoporosis in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
NCT00739050	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Effect of Simvastatin on Endothelial Function in Premenopausal Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (0733-271)(TERMINATED)
NCT00815282	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Immune Response After Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Patients With Autoimmune Disease
NCT00828178	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Fish Oil in Lupus Patients
NCT00866229	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Efficacy and Adverse Effect of Simvastatin Compare to Rosuvastatin in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Patients With Corticosteroid Therapy and High Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol Level
NCT00911521	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Immunogenicity and Safety of a Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine in Patients With SLE: a Controlled Study
NCT01101802	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Mycophenolate Mofetil in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (MISSILE)
NCT01112215	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Enteric-coated Mycophenolate Sodium Versus Azathioprine for the Extra-renal Lupus Manifestations
NCT01151644	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Safety and Efficacy of Anti-Pandemic H1N1 Vaccination in Rheumatic Diseases
NCT01276782	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Levothyroxine in Pregnant SLE Patients
NCT01322308	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Pioglitazone on Endothelial Function in Premenopausal Women With Uncomplicated Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
NCT01359826	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	The Effect of Milnacipran on Fatigue and Quality of Life in Lupus Patients
NCT01597492	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Belimumab on Vaccine Responses in Subjects With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
NCT01632241	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Belimumab in Black Race Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
NCT01705977	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Belimumab Assessment of Safety in SLE
NCT01753401	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Acthar for the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in Patients With a History of Persistently Active Disease
NCT02270970	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of Belimumab Impact on a BLyS Activity Signature Test in the Absence of Confounding Polypharmacy
NCT02477150	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety and Immunogenicity of a Zoster Vaccine in SLE
NCT02741960	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Metformin on Reducing Lupus Flares
NCT02779153	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Acthar SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
NCT02953821	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Acthar Gel for Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
NCT03042260	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Prophylactic Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole to Prevent Severe Infections in Patients With Lupus Erythematous
NCT03098823	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Crossover Study to Compare RAYOS to IR Prednisone to Improve Fatigue and Morning Symptoms for SLE
NCT03122431	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Relevance of Monitoring Blood and Salivar Levels of Drugs Used in Rheumatic Autoimmune Diseases
NCT03543839	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Trial of Belimumab in Early Lupus
NCT04447053	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Sequential Belimumab and T-cell Based Therapy in SLE
NCT04515719	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Belimumab in SLE Patients
NCT04893161	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	A Model About the Response of Belimumab in SLE
NCT04908865	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Study of Belimumab Plus Standard Therapy in Chinese Pediatric Participants With Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
NCT04956484	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Belimumab In Early Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
NCT05559671	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Safety of the Herpes Zoster Subunit Vaccine in Lupus
NCT05666336	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Multi-omics Studies on the Efficacy of Telitacicept in Chinese SLE Patients
NCT05748925	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Cardio Renal Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors Among Lupus Nephritis Patients