IVL

Summary

IVL (involucrin, HGNC:6187) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1q21.3, encoding Involucrin (P07476). Part of the insoluble cornified cell envelope (CE) of stratified squamous epithelia.

Involucrin, a component of the keratinocyte crosslinked envelope, is found in the cytoplasm and crosslinked to membrane proteins by transglutaminase. This gene is mapped to 1q21, among calpactin I light chain, trichohyalin, profillaggrin, loricrin, and calcyclin.

Source: NCBI Gene 3713 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 150 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_005547

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:6187
Approved symbol	IVL
Name	involucrin
Location	1q21.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000163207
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	147360
Entrez	3713

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000368764

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_005547 NM_005547

CCDS: CCDS1030

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000368764 — 2 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001447919	152908546	152908589
ENSE00001793574	152909779	152911886

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 147 present calls, max score 99.45.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 6.0813 / max 2232.8615, expressed in 231 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
5329	6.0507	228
5328	0.0268	7
5327	0.0038	2

Top tissues by expression

281 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	99.45	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	99.43	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	99.34	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	99.24	gold quality
tongue squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006919	98.69	gold quality
squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006914	98.34	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	97.84	gold quality
cervix epithelium	UBERON:0004801	97.74	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	97.50	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	97.29	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	97.22	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	97.06	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	96.22	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	96.22	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	95.88	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	95.29	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	94.97	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	94.79	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	93.72	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	93.41	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	90.64	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	90.20	silver quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	87.74	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	87.71	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	87.30	silver quality
mucosa of urinary bladder	UBERON:0001259	86.95	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	86.25	silver quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	85.02	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	84.63	gold quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	79.30	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	7.31

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AP1, CEBPA, CEBPG, FOS, FOSL1, FOSL2, FOXN1, HOXA7, JUN, JUNB, JUND, KLF4, MED1, NFKB, PAX6, POU2F2, POU3F1, PPARG, RARG, SP1, SP3, SRF, STAT1, STAT5A, TEAD1, TFAP2A, TFAP2C, VDR, YY1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

35 targeting IVL, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3924	100.00	72.09	2394
HSA-MIR-7110-3P	100.00	73.18	2486
HSA-MIR-4725-3P	99.96	69.53	2520
HSA-MIR-6780B-5P	99.96	69.60	2562
HSA-MIR-1236-3P	99.94	68.04	1695
HSA-MIR-4271	99.88	68.32	2244
HSA-MIR-4420	99.82	70.08	1624
HSA-MIR-6515-3P	99.82	68.19	1933
HSA-MIR-181B-2-3P	99.81	70.06	1646
HSA-MIR-181B-3P	99.81	70.06	1646
HSA-MIR-623	99.76	68.16	1170
HSA-MIR-4755-5P	99.71	70.34	2716
HSA-MIR-5006-3P	99.71	70.26	2728
HSA-MIR-802	99.61	67.70	1254
HSA-MIR-145-3P	99.33	67.66	764
HSA-MIR-4311	99.31	70.47	3041
HSA-MIR-544B	99.18	67.41	1632
HSA-MIR-6780B-3P	99.13	67.18	622
HSA-MIR-4700-5P	98.63	67.43	1915
HSA-MIR-5572	98.55	65.84	970
HSA-MIR-6873-5P	98.45	66.14	1417
HSA-MIR-1304-3P	98.29	66.44	1207
HSA-MIR-92A-1-5P	98.28	64.51	631
HSA-MIR-4638-3P	97.90	65.75	905
HSA-MIR-337-3P	97.90	69.37	1052
HSA-MIR-8089	97.74	66.21	1698
HSA-MIR-4667-5P	97.61	66.67	1683
HSA-MIR-6812-5P	97.56	65.39	1059
HSA-MIR-6855-5P	97.51	66.03	830
HSA-MIR-6802-3P	97.29	65.42	613

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 34)

• involucrin gene contains distinct regulatory elements that regulate expression during epidermal differentiation (PMID:11850802)
• transactivation of involucrin by lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) (PMID:12126624)
• the AP-1 site and the vitamin D response element in the involucrin promoter play important roles in mediating the action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on involucrin expression (PMID:12445200)
• role for AP1 transcription factors in the regulation of human corneal epithelial cell involucrin gene expression. (PMID:15037572)
• human involucrin promoter activity is regulated by green tea polyphenol and curcumin via opposing effects on CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein function (PMID:15044435)
• cascade regulates activator protein one, Sp1, and CCATT/enhancer-binding protein transcription factor DNA binding to two discrete involucrin promoter regions, the distal- and proximal-regulatory regions, to regulate involucrin gene expression. (PMID:15191537)
• cholesterol depletion alters involucrin gene expression through activation of p38alpha/beta. (PMID:15304097)
• YY-1 and c-Jun transcription factors participate in the repression of the human involucrin promoter. (PMID:15586248)
• Beta ig-h3 induces keratinocyte differentiation via modulation of involucrin and transglutaminase expression through the integrin alpha3beta1 and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway (PMID:15805105)
• Involucrin expression of keratinocytes is suppressed by roxithromycin through direct inhibition of AP-1 and indirect inhibition of NF-kappaB. (PMID:16140218)
• AP1, Sp1, and C/EBP transcription factors are required for appropriate differentiation-dependent involucrin expression. (PMID:16374477)
• involucrin gene expression inhibition by apigenin is associated with a specific reduction in phosphorylation of protein kinase Cdelta Tyr311 (PMID:16982614)
• Pyk2 regulation is associated with increased expression of Fra-1 and JunD, activator protein-1 transcription factors known to be required for involucrin expression. (PMID:17205062)
• There is a major role for STAT5a in the differentiation of keratinocytes, where it contributes to involucrin expression by activating the PPARgamma signal. (PMID:17330131)
• BAG-1L also potentiated transactivation of known vitamin-D-responsive gene promoters, osteocalcin and 24-hydroxylase, and enhanced VDR-dependent transcription and protein expression of the keratinocyte differentiation marker, involucrin. (PMID:17662274)
• a large multiprotein complex, which includes Fra-1, p300, P/CAF, junD, junB, and Sp1 acts at the AP1-5 site to produce a synergistic increase in hINV gene expression (PMID:17882273)
• These findings indicate that PKCdelta activity for activation of involucrin promoter requires Y(311) and a second tyrosine residue; however, any one of the several tyrosine residues can serve in the secondary role. (PMID:17943181)
• The expression of beta1-integrin was found to be significantly reduced in photoaged skin and ratios of the expressions of involucrin to beta1-integrin were increased 2.6-fold only in elderly subjects. (PMID:17968567)
• PPAR gamma regulates involucrin expression by controlling the AP-1 signal and p38 activation in 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3-induced keratinocyte differentiation. (PMID:18077140)
• The expression of loricrin and involucrin in invovled and uninvolved skin of patients with atopic dermatitis is reported. (PMID:18166499)
• siRNA for PRKD1 resulted in reduction of mRNA levels of PKD1, altered cell phenotype and promotion of keratinocyte differentiation, demonstrated by increased expression of involucrin and keratin 10 mRNAs (PMID:18259765)
• RT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed a delay in the expression of the differentiation markers K1, K10 and involucrin in HaCaT cells compared with normal human keratinocytes (PMID:18637039)
• Infection by HPV may alter the differentiation status of the epidermis, leading to earlier involucrin expression (PMID:19515043)
• higher expression in the fetal skin than in adult skin (PMID:19701759)
• expression of the epidermal differentiation complex genes filaggrin and involucrin was strongly decreased directly by IL-13. (PMID:20208004)
• Therefore, together with trichohyalin, the cross-linking due to involucrin is also responsible for the mechanical resistance of the corneous trabeculae present among the empty spaces of the medulla of the human hair. (PMID:22197495)
• The authors found that HPV 16 E6 but not E7 repressed IVL promoter activity in proliferating human foreskin keratinocyte cells. (PMID:22333115)
• Compared with the control, the level of expression of the IVL gene in NCTC 2544 cells was increased after 8 h of treatment with hyaluronic acid or Plantaricin A preparations. (PMID:22742591)
• involucrin is up-regulated in psoriatic keratinocytes (PMID:23283814)
• KLF4 is part of a multiprotein complex that interacts that the hINV promoter distal regulatory region to drive differentiation-dependent hINV gene expression in epidermis. (PMID:23599428)
• over-expression of Nnat was evident along with involucrin and cytokeratin1 expression (PMID:24252747)
• Together, these results suggest that GR modulates involucrin expression of keratinocytes by regulating the intracellular signaling network in a ligand-independent manner. (PMID:24515279)
• Regulation of Filaggrin, Loricrin, and Involucrin by IL-4, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-22, AHR, and NRF2: Pathogenic Implications in Atopic Dermatitis. (PMID:32751111)
• Transcriptional activation of the involucrin gene by calcium in keratinocytes. (PMID:9159190)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Protein

Protein identifiers

Involucrin — P07476 (reviewed: P07476)

All UniProt accessions (1): P07476

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Part of the insoluble cornified cell envelope (CE) of stratified squamous epithelia.

Subunit / interactions. Directly or indirectly cross-linked to cornifelin (CNFN).

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Keratinocytes of epidermis and other stratified squamous epithelia.

Post-translational modifications. Substrate of transglutaminase. Some glutamines and lysines are cross-linked to other involucrin molecules, to other proteins such as keratin, desmoplakin, periplakin and envoplakin, and to lipids like omega-hydroxyceramide.

Similarity. Belongs to the involucrin family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_005538* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000354	Involucrin_rpt	Repeat
IPR019571	Involucrin_N	Domain
IPR019743	Involucrin_CS	Conserved_site

Pfam: PF00904, PF10583

UniProt features (70 total): repeat 39, compositionally biased region 15, sequence variant 8, region of interest 3, lipid moiety-binding region 3, chain 1, cross-link 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P07476-F1	49.94	0.07

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (4): 79, 118, 133, 496

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

5 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-6809371	Formation of the cornified envelope
R-HSA-9725554	Differentiation of Keratinocytes in Interfollicular Epidermis in Mammalian Skin
R-HSA-1266738	Developmental Biology
R-HSA-6805567	Keratinization
R-HSA-9734767	Developmental Cell Lineages

MSigDB gene sets: 108 (showing top): AP1_01, GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, JAEGER_METASTASIS_DN, MORF_BRCA1, GOBP_PEPTIDE_CROSS_LINKING, MORF_ESR1, MORF_RAD51L3, ONDER_CDH1_TARGETS_3_DN, GOBP_EPIDERMAL_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GOBP_PEPTIDYL_LYSINE_MODIFICATION, RICKMAN_TUMOR_DIFFERENTIATED_WELL_VS_POORLY_DN, MODULE_379, HUPER_BREAST_BASAL_VS_LUMINAL_UP, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_UV, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_RADIATION

GO Biological Process (5): response to UV-B (GO:0010224), peptide cross-linking (GO:0018149), isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine (GO:0018153), keratinocyte differentiation (GO:0030216), keratinization (GO:0031424)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): cornified envelope (GO:0001533), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), centrosome (GO:0005813), cytosol (GO:0005829), nuclear body (GO:0016604), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Developmental Biology	2
Keratinization	1
Developmental Cell Lineages of the Integumentary System	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	2
response to UV	1
protein modification process	1
peptidyl-glutamine modification	1
peptidyl-lysine modification	1
isopeptide cross-linking	1
epidermal cell differentiation	1
skin development	1
keratinocyte differentiation	1
multicellular organismal process	1
binding	1
plasma membrane	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
centriole	1
microtubule organizing center	1
cytoplasm	1
nucleoplasm	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
extracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1390 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
IVL	LORICRIN	P23490	999
IVL	FLG2	Q5D862	995
IVL	FLG	P20930	994
IVL	TCHH	Q07283	977
IVL	KRT10	P13645	933
IVL	SPRR1B	P22528	903
IVL	SPRR1A	P35321	899
IVL	TGM1	P22735	896
IVL	SPRR3	Q9UBC9	866
IVL	KRT1	P04264	850
IVL	CNFN	Q9BYD5	823
IVL	S100A10	P08206	805
IVL	PPL	O60437	777
IVL	EVPL	Q92817	766
IVL	TGM3	Q08188	741

IntAct

130 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
JADE1	KAT7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.720
GID8	PGRMC2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
SINHCAF	TNRC18	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
ZSCAN12	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NPPA	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FTH1	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FRMD1	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
GMCL1	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
UGT1A10	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TBC1D22B	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RBM24	PPL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
KIR3DS1	PPL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ACAD9	PPL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZIC1	CTSV	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RNF25	IVL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SSBP2	CLEC18A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
IVL	ACD	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.510
CRK	IVL	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
IVL	DHRS2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
POT1	IVL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370

BioGRID (168): IVL (Affinity Capture-MS), IVL (Affinity Capture-MS), IVL (Affinity Capture-MS), IVL (Affinity Capture-MS), IVL (Affinity Capture-MS), IVL (Affinity Capture-MS), IVL (Affinity Capture-MS), IVL (Affinity Capture-MS), IVL (Affinity Capture-MS), IVL (Affinity Capture-MS), IVL (Proximity Label-MS), IVL (Affinity Capture-MS), IVL (Affinity Capture-MS), IVL (Affinity Capture-MS), IVL (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A087WUL8, A0A0J9YWL9, A0A0J9YY54, A0A1B0GV03, A2A6M5, A6NEF3, A6NI86, A8MXY4, A8MZA4, B4DH59, H0YKK7, H0YM25, P06916, P07476, P0DPF3, P0DX00, P0DX01, P0DX02, P13813, P14590, P14591, P14708, P18175, P21850, P22793, P24708, P24711, P37709, P97347, Q07283, Q3BBV0, Q3BBV2, Q5TAG4, Q5TI25, Q6AXX0, Q6P3W6, Q86T75, Q8HXZ7, Q8HXZ8, Q8HY03

Diamond homologs: P07476, P14590, P14591, P14708, P17941, P18174, P18175, P24708, P24709, P24710, P24711, P24712, P48997, P48998, Q95337

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
HOXA7	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	IVL	“transcriptional regulation”

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

150 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	120
Likely benign	20
Benign	10

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

202 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
1:152908585:GTCTG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
1:152908587:CTGG:C	donor_loss	0.9900
1:152908588:TGGT:T	donor_loss	0.9900
1:152908590:G:GA	donor_loss	0.9900
1:152908591:TAAG:T	donor_loss	0.9900
1:152909774:TTCAG:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
1:152909778:G:GA	acceptor_loss	0.9900
1:152908590:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9800
1:152908776:GAGA:G	donor_gain	0.9800
1:152909770:GTCTT:G	acceptor_loss	0.9700
1:152909771:TCTTT:T	acceptor_loss	0.9700
1:152909772:CTTTC:C	acceptor_loss	0.9700
1:152909777:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9700
1:152909778:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9700
1:152908777:A:T	donor_gain	0.9600
1:152908780:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9600
1:152908592:AAGT:A	donor_loss	0.9500
1:152908581:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9400
1:152908778:GA:G	donor_gain	0.9400
1:152908586:TCTG:T	donor_gain	0.9300
1:152909778:GGTT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9300
1:152909769:T:A	acceptor_loss	0.9200
1:152908779:A:AG	donor_gain	0.9000
1:152908588:TG:T	donor_gain	0.8900
1:152908589:GG:G	donor_gain	0.8900
1:152908783:A:AG	donor_gain	0.8900
1:152908587:CTG:C	donor_gain	0.8700
1:152909776:CAGG:C	acceptor_gain	0.8300
1:152908784:T:G	donor_gain	0.8000
1:152909778:GGT:G	acceptor_gain	0.8000

AlphaMissense

3848 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
1:152911430:T:C	F545L	0.768
1:152911432:T:A	F545L	0.768
1:152911432:T:G	F545L	0.768
1:152910210:T:C	L138P	0.577

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000408101 (1:152909271 A>C), RS1000547039 (1:152910584 C>T), RS1000572967 (1:152906681 G>A,C), RS1000691868 (1:152910748 G>A,T), RS1000781975 (1:152910915 T>C,G), RS1001143738 (1:152911460 A>C,G), RS1001215340 (1:152907925 C>A), RS1001758745 (1:152911026 A>T), RS1001969668 (1:152907216 G>A,C), RS1002095712 (1:152911963 G>A,T), RS1002256583 (1:152907584 G>A), RS1002487442 (1:152906956 A>C), RS1004045633 (1:152908632 C>T), RS1005024927 (1:152909166 C>T), RS1007552982 (1:152910555 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:147360 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST003191_2	Vitamin D levels	1.000000e-06
GCST008916_87	Asthma	2.000000e-13

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

76 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	increases expression, affects binding, affects reaction, decreases reaction, decreases expression (+1 more)	9
Tretinoin	decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases expression	7
sodium arsenate	decreases expression, increases abundance	5
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression, increases expression, affects expression	5
Tamoxifen	affects reaction, decreases expression, affects expression, affects cotreatment	3
Vanadates	decreases expression	3
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	3
bisphenol A	affects expression, increases methylation, affects reaction	2
arsenite	decreases reaction, increases abundance, decreases expression	2
hydroquinone	increases expression	2
Alitretinoin	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Antimony Potassium Tartrate	decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Calcitriol	decreases expression	2
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression, decreases reaction	2
Formaldehyde	increases expression	2
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Raloxifene Hydrochloride	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects expression	2
4-oxoretinoic acid	increases expression	1
apocarotenal	increases expression	1
pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether	affects cotreatment, affects localization, decreases expression	1
methylparaben	increases expression	1
oltipraz	decreases expression	1
potassium chromate(VI)	decreases expression	1
perillyl alcohol	decreases expression	1
4-bromo-A-23187	increases expression	1
4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid	decreases expression	1
4-oxoretinol	increases expression	1
molybdate	decreases expression	1
tungstate	decreases expression	1
1,2-dithiol-3-thione	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.