JPT1

Summary

JPT1 (Jupiter microtubule associated homolog 1, HGNC:14569) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17q25.1, encoding Jupiter microtubule associated homolog 1 (Q9UK76). Modulates negatively AKT-mediated GSK3B signaling.

Located in several cellular components, including intercellular bridge; microtubule cytoskeleton; and nucleoplasm.

Source: NCBI Gene 51155 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 34 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_016185

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:14569
Approved symbol	JPT1
Name	Jupiter microtubule associated homolog 1
Location	17q25.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	ARM2, HN1A
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000189159
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	619242
Entrez	51155

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 13 — 9 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000304834, ENST00000356033, ENST00000409753, ENST00000465454, ENST00000470924, ENST00000476258, ENST00000481094, ENST00000481647, ENST00000482348, ENST00000580380, ENST00000581874, ENST00000584079, ENST00000882069

RefSeq mRNA: 6 — MANE Select: NM_016185 NM_001002032, NM_001002033, NM_001288609, NM_001288610, NM_001288611, NM_016185

CCDS: CCDS32729, CCDS45771, CCDS45772

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000409753 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00002449517	75135248	75136250
ENSE00003496814	75154342	75154512
ENSE00003503318	75148529	75148671
ENSE00003520709	75146666	75146684
ENSE00003587440	75147556	75147653

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 274 present calls, max score 99.61.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 193.4594 / max 1425.7041, expressed in 1827 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
168041	192.2673	1827
168042	0.7186	356
168038	0.4167	217
168040	0.0568	3

Top tissues by expression

286 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	99.61	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	99.61	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	99.60	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	99.57	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	99.34	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	98.94	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	98.59	gold quality
embryo	UBERON:0000922	98.51	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	98.29	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	98.16	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	97.93	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	97.40	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	96.90	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	96.88	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	96.74	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	96.63	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	96.58	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	96.58	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	96.58	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	96.53	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	96.50	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	96.46	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	96.37	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	96.20	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	96.18	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	96.16	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	96.08	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	95.93	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	95.80	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	95.62	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 21 experiment(s), a significant marker in 14.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-6701	yes	2541.38
E-HCAD-4	yes	64.69
E-MTAB-9467	yes	31.96
E-GEOD-134144	yes	30.82
E-HCAD-10	yes	25.33
E-GEOD-135922	yes	22.52
E-CURD-46	yes	22.29
E-HCAD-13	yes	21.38
E-MTAB-6678	yes	17.32
E-GEOD-125970	yes	14.96
E-MTAB-10042	yes	9.72
E-MTAB-10553	yes	7.99
E-CURD-88	yes	6.44
E-MTAB-9154	no	1865.35
E-MTAB-11121	no	1335.38

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AR

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

28 targeting JPT1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6778-3P	99.96	67.29	2693
HSA-MIR-6753-3P	99.93	66.57	637
HSA-MIR-7107-3P	99.93	66.73	627
HSA-MIR-548D-3P	99.87	70.67	4362
HSA-MIR-548BB-3P	99.86	70.58	4354
HSA-MIR-548AC	99.84	70.77	4351
HSA-MIR-548H-3P	99.84	70.80	4349
HSA-MIR-548Z	99.84	70.80	4349
HSA-MIR-4659A-3P	99.80	72.62	4248
HSA-MIR-4659B-3P	99.80	72.62	4248
HSA-MIR-7856-5P	99.75	69.99	2901
HSA-MIR-548AU-3P	99.70	68.22	1373
HSA-MIR-1251-3P	99.64	67.21	1408
HSA-MIR-12122	99.56	69.33	1672
HSA-MIR-4477B	99.23	70.49	1733
HSA-MIR-877-3P	99.09	68.10	1637
HSA-MIR-455-3P	98.94	67.68	878
HSA-MIR-1304-5P	98.90	68.58	1054
HSA-MIR-3611	98.76	68.76	1290
HSA-MIR-4752	98.71	68.04	833
HSA-MIR-376B-5P	98.46	66.40	606
HSA-MIR-376C-5P	98.46	66.64	589
HSA-MIR-146B-3P	97.83	65.29	782
HSA-MIR-22-5P	97.67	68.92	1355
HSA-MIR-4794	96.47	65.53	1063
HSA-MIR-1266-3P	96.23	66.36	778
HSA-MIR-664A-5P	95.84	64.93	949
HSA-MIR-4520-5P	93.54	65.23	140

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 14)

• These data suggest a role for Hn1 in the biology of malignant brain tumors. (PMID:19145478)
• EGF and kinase inhibitors increase HN1 expression, and Silencing of HN1 results in cell cycle alterations in prostate cells. (PMID:21323578)
• HN1 maintains a balance between the androgen-regulated nuclear translocation of androgen receptor and steady-state Akt phosphorylation, predominantly in the absence of androgens. (PMID:22155408)
• Data report that HN1 is an essential factor for beta-catenin turnover and signaling, augments cell growth and migration in prostate cancer cells. (PMID:25169422)
• miR-132 is significantly down-regulated in breast cancer tissues and cancer cell lines. Additional study identifies HN1 as a novel direct target of miR-132. MiR-132 down-regulates HN1 expression by binding to the 3’ UTR of HN1. (PMID:25450365)
• Downregulation of MYC abrogated the effect of HN1 overexpression in breast cancer cell lines. Taken together, these data reveal that HN1 promotes the progression of breast cancer by upregulating MYC expression, and might be a therapeutic target for breast cancer. (PMID:28490334)
• HNRNPA1-mediated alternative polyadenylation of HN1 contributes to cancer- and senescence-related phenotypes. (PMID:31257225)
• Jupiter microtubule-associated homolog 1 (JPT1): A predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarker of metformin response in endometrial cancers. (PMID:31808620)
• HN1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for liver cancer. (PMID:32700728)
• HN1 promotes tumor associated lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis via NF-kappaB signaling activation in cervical carcinoma. (PMID:32828320)
• LncRNA HOXA11-AS promotes cell growth by sponging miR-24-3p to regulate JPT1 in prostate cancer. (PMID:34337714)
• Hematological and neurological expressed 1 (HN1) activates c-Myc signaling by inhibiting ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of c-Myc in hepatocellular carcinoma. (PMID:36403281)
• Thirdhand Smoke May Promote Lung Adenocarcinoma Development through HN1. (PMID:36756386)
• Role of hematological and neurological expressed 1 (HN1) in human cancers. (PMID:38992849)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Jpt1	ENSMUSG00000020737
rattus_norvegicus	Jpt1	ENSRNOG00000003661

Protein

Protein identifiers

Jupiter microtubule associated homolog 1 — Q9UK76 (reviewed: Q9UK76)

Alternative names: Androgen-regulated protein 2, Hematological and neurological expressed 1 protein

All UniProt accessions (4): F2Z3M5, J3KSH8, J3KT51, Q9UK76

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Modulates negatively AKT-mediated GSK3B signaling. Induces CTNNB1 ‘Ser-33’ phosphorylation and degradation through the suppression of the inhibitory ‘Ser-9’ phosphorylation of GSK3B, which represses the function of the APC:CTNNB1:GSK3B complex and the interaction with CDH1/E-cadherin in adherent junctions. Plays a role in the regulation of cell cycle and cell adhesion. Has an inhibitory role on AR-signaling pathway through the induction of receptor proteasomal degradation.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with the complex composed, at least, of APC, CTNNB1 and GSK3B; the interaction takes place with the inactive form of GSK3B (phosphorylated at ‘Ser-9’).

Subcellular location. Nucleus. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in testis, skeletal muscle, thymus, prostate, colon, peripheral blood cells, brain and placenta.

Induction. Induced by EGF growth factor at mRNA and protein levels. Induced by androgens. Negatively regulated by the microRNA miR-132.

Similarity. Belongs to the JUPITER family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9UK76-1	1, HN1A	yes
Q9UK76-2	2, HN1B
Q9UK76-3	3, HN1C

RefSeq proteins (6): NP_001002032, NP_001002033, NP_001275538, NP_001275539, NP_001275540, NP_057269* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR033335	JUPITER	Family

Pfam: PF17054

UniProt features (25 total): modified residue 12, compositionally biased region 6, chain 2, splice variant 2, initiator methionine 1, sequence conflict 1, region of interest 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9UK76-F1	63.35	0.00

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (12): 1, 2, 28, 31, 54, 71, 80, 87, 88, 92, 131, 148

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 285 (showing top): RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_ANAPLASTIC_UP, RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_POORLY_DIFFERENTIATED_UP, PAL_PRMT5_TARGETS_UP, GCANCTGNY_MYOD_Q6, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_UP, MCBRYAN_PUBERTAL_TGFB1_TARGETS_UP, AREB6_01, AAAYRNCTG_UNKNOWN, CAGCTG_AP4_Q5, WEI_MYCN_TARGETS_WITH_E_BOX, RICKMAN_METASTASIS_DN, RICKMAN_TUMOR_DIFFERENTIATED_WELL_VS_POORLY_DN, KIM_RESPONSE_TO_TSA_AND_DECITABINE_UP, SHETH_LIVER_CANCER_VS_TXNIP_LOSS_PAM1, LE_EGR2_TARGETS_UP

GO Biological Process (0):

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), cytosol (GO:0005829), microtubule cytoskeleton (GO:0015630), intercellular bridge (GO:0045171), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	4
binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
nuclear lumen	1
cytoplasm	1
cytoskeleton	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

342 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
JPT1	JPT2	Q9H910	718
JPT1	NUPR1	O60356	407
JPT1	RBM25	P49756	397
JPT1	GET1	O00258	348
JPT1	CFAP68	Q9H5F2	337
JPT1	ELMO2	Q96JJ3	307
JPT1	SHLD2	Q86V20	306
JPT1	TAF15	Q92804	287
JPT1	ADRM1	Q16186	286
JPT1	SNRPG	P62308	282
JPT1	KLHL11	Q9NVR0	258
JPT1	USO1	O60763	248
JPT1	LGALS4	P56470	246
JPT1	PRTG	Q2VWP7	240
JPT1	CCDC12	Q8WUD4	239

IntAct

40 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.710
JPT1	OTX2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CASP6	JPT1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CCK	JPT1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
HIP1	JPT1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
LAMP2	JPT1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
RAN	JPT1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SH3GLB1	JPT1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
JPT1	COL20A1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
PRNP	CARNS1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CAV1	PPM1G	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ULK1	HNRNPCL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MAPT	SHTN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PSMC4	PSMD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (55): HN1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), HN1 (Co-fractionation), HN1 (Co-fractionation), HN1 (Co-fractionation), HN1 (Co-fractionation), HN1 (Co-fractionation), HN1 (Co-fractionation), HN1 (Co-fractionation), HN1 (Proximity Label-MS), HN1 (Affinity Capture-MS), HN1 (Proximity Label-MS), HN1 (Proximity Label-MS), HN1 (Proximity Label-MS), HN1 (Co-fractionation), HN1 (Affinity Capture-RNA)

ESM2 similar proteins: A4FUE7, B3H4F1, B3M0Y8, B3P4I7, B4GMI7, B4HI06, B4JUG8, B4KBL1, B4M5L0, B4N8G6, B4PU44, B4QU20, B9DGG8, F4I5N6, O22611, O74417, P52870, P93017, P97825, Q10009, Q28CM8, Q2QQ99, Q2R0W8, Q3T0T5, Q4KLN7, Q5PPV5, Q5R787, Q5REC0, Q6AXU6, Q7JW27, Q7SXT7, Q7XQ83, Q7Y1L9, Q8BJH1, Q8CHU3, Q8H100, Q8IVN3, Q8LGD1, Q8N6H7, Q91W18

Diamond homologs: B3M0Y8, B3P4I7, B4GMI7, B4HI06, B4JUG8, B4KBL1, B4M5L0, B4N8G6, B4PU44, B4QU20, P97825, Q6AXU6, Q9H910, Q9I7K0, Q9UK76, Q6PGH2, Q3T0T5

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 29 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Infectious disease	6	6.0×	9e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

34 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	21
Likely benign	6
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1074 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
17:75144871:G:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:75147551:CTGA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
17:75147553:GA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
17:75147554:A:AG	donor_loss	1.0000
17:75147555:CCT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
17:75147652:ACCTA:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:75147653:CCTAA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:75147654:C:CA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:75147654:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:75147655:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:75148524:AGTAC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
17:75148525:GTAC:G	donor_loss	1.0000
17:75148526:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
17:75148527:A:AG	donor_loss	1.0000
17:75148528:CCT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
17:75148670:CT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:75148672:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:75154352:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
17:75154372:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
17:75144682:CAA:C	donor_gain	0.9900
17:75144871:G:GC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
17:75144873:G:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
17:75144873:G:GC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
17:75146660:ACTT:A	donor_loss	0.9900
17:75146661:CTT:C	donor_loss	0.9900
17:75146662:TTAC:T	donor_loss	0.9900
17:75146663:TA:T	donor_loss	0.9900
17:75146664:A:AT	donor_loss	0.9900
17:75147651:CAC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
17:75148527:ACCTG:A	donor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

994 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
17:75148654:C:T	G25D	0.999
17:75148666:A:G	L21S	0.999
17:75154377:G:C	F7L	0.999
17:75154377:G:T	F7L	0.999
17:75154379:A:G	F7L	0.999
17:75136107:C:G	G154R	0.998
17:75136115:A:T	L151H	0.998
17:75136117:G:C	S150R	0.998
17:75136117:G:T	S150R	0.998
17:75136119:T:G	S150R	0.998
17:75136127:C:T	G147D	0.998
17:75136130:C:T	G146D	0.998
17:75148572:A:C	F52L	0.998
17:75148572:A:T	F52L	0.998
17:75148574:A:G	F52L	0.998
17:75148651:C:T	G26D	0.998
17:75148657:G:T	P24Q	0.998
17:75148669:A:T	V20D	0.998
17:75154347:G:C	S17R	0.998
17:75154347:G:T	S17R	0.998
17:75154349:T:G	S17R	0.998
17:75154373:C:G	G9R	0.998
17:75154373:C:T	G9R	0.998
17:75154378:A:G	F7S	0.998
17:75136106:C:T	G154D	0.997
17:75136115:A:G	L151P	0.997
17:75136128:C:G	G147R	0.997
17:75148652:C:G	G26R	0.997
17:75148655:C:G	G25R	0.997
17:75148666:A:C	L21W	0.997

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000108112 (17:75144526 A>T), RS1000299 (17:75152458 G>A), RS1000449394 (17:75155847 G>T), RS1000872486 (17:75151707 C>T), RS1000944120 (17:75151416 G>A), RS1000959719 (17:75149229 G>A), RS1001109754 (17:75143201 C>G,T), RS1001250032 (17:75145449 A>G), RS1001329256 (17:75144248 A>G), RS1001340630 (17:75150072 G>A,T), RS1001677470 (17:75143952 G>A), RS1002219577 (17:75143021 C>A,T), RS1002769183 (17:75136962 G>A), RS1002823273 (17:75137319 A>AGTTT), RS1002884040 (17:75154490 C>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:619242 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST012020_530	Serum metabolite levels	1.000000e-25

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

54 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects expression, affects cotreatment, increases expression	4
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	3
bisphenol A	decreases expression	2
sodium arsenite	affects expression, decreases expression	2
cobaltous chloride	decreases expression	2
Acetaminophen	increases expression	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression, increases methylation	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression, increases expression	2
Okadaic Acid	increases expression, affects expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
FR900359	affects phosphorylation	1
methylmercuric chloride	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
pirinixic acid	affects binding, decreases expression, increases activity	1
deoxynivalenol	increases expression	1
pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether	affects cotreatment, affects localization, increases expression	1
trichostatin A	affects expression	1
beta-lapachone	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
cupric oxide	decreases expression	1
beta-methylcholine	affects expression	1
K 7174	decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
erucylphospho-N,N,N-trimethylpropylammonium	decreases expression	1
ICG 001	decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
jinfukang	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
incobotulinumtoxinA	decreases expression	1
Irinotecan	decreases expression	1
Temozolomide	increases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

4 cell lines: 4 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_E1ZC	HAP1 HN1 (-) 1	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_E1ZD	HAP1 HN1 (-) 2	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_E1ZE	HAP1 HN1 (-) 3	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_E1ZF	HAP1 HN1 (-) 4	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.