KATNAL2

Summary

KATNAL2 (katanin catalytic subunit A1 like 2, HGNC:25387) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 18q21.1, encoding Katanin p60 ATPase-containing subunit A-like 2 (Q8IYT4). Severs microtubules in vitro in an ATP-dependent manner.

Predicted to enable ATP hydrolysis activity. Predicted to be involved in cytoplasmic microtubule organization. Located in cytoplasm; microtubule; and spindle pole.

Source: NCBI Gene 83473 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): male infertility (Moderate, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
• GWAS associations: 4
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 187 total
• Druggable target: yes
• Dosage sensitivity (ClinGen): haploinsufficiency little evidence, triplosensitivity no evidence
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001387690

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:25387
Approved symbol	KATNAL2
Name	katanin catalytic subunit A1 like 2
Location	18q21.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	MGC33211, DKFZP667C165
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000167216
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	614697
Entrez	83473

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 31 — 19 protein_coding, 7 nonsense_mediated_decay, 4 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000245121, ENST00000356157, ENST00000585383, ENST00000585469, ENST00000586198, ENST00000588433, ENST00000591522, ENST00000592005, ENST00000683218, ENST00000685144, ENST00000685252, ENST00000685358, ENST00000685570, ENST00000685696, ENST00000686215, ENST00000687039, ENST00000687291, ENST00000687617, ENST00000688194, ENST00000688563, ENST00000688659, ENST00000689545, ENST00000690453, ENST00000692939, ENST00000693648, ENST00000902276, ENST00000931779, ENST00000960806, ENST00000960807, ENST00000960808, ENST00000960809

RefSeq mRNA: 14 — MANE Select: NM_001387690 NM_001353899, NM_001353900, NM_001353901, NM_001353902, NM_001353903, NM_001353904, NM_001353905, NM_001353906, NM_001353907, NM_001353908, NM_001353909, NM_001367621, NM_001387690, NM_031303

CCDS: CCDS32828, CCDS92456, CCDS92457, CCDS92458

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000683218 — 18 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000852419	47077351	47077461
ENSE00001291748	47054396	47054438
ENSE00001294338	47069482	47069600
ENSE00001295659	47067021	47067119
ENSE00001296028	47062972	47063070
ENSE00001297065	47058235	47058352
ENSE00001317849	47069220	47069283
ENSE00001320954	47059556	47059654
ENSE00001337124	47100254	47100356
ENSE00001337126	47099243	47099405
ENSE00001384792	47075277	47075368
ENSE00001654321	47046457	47046527
ENSE00002961960	46946854	46946923
ENSE00003662340	47052880	47053046
ENSE00003790688	47063284	47063361
ENSE00003899140	47100866	47102243
ENSE00003918922	46946057	46946546
ENSE00003921653	46917602	46917926

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 175 present calls, max score 90.10.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 3.3655 / max 175.6751, expressed in 1086 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
170177	1.6928	805
170179	0.9356	271
170178	0.4515	194
170176	0.2856	147

Top tissues by expression

240 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	90.10	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	87.48	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	86.69	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	86.63	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	85.13	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	83.50	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	82.61	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	82.56	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	82.20	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	81.78	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	81.32	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	80.98	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	80.79	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	80.17	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	79.95	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	79.88	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	79.67	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	79.43	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	79.27	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	79.16	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	78.99	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	78.93	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	78.86	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	78.78	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	78.44	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	78.39	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	77.97	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	77.97	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	77.20	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	77.13	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	4.51

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

69 targeting KATNAL2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4668-3P	100.00	68.74	2635
HSA-MIR-3120-5P	100.00	65.56	965
HSA-MIR-6077	99.99	68.04	2299
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-6759-5P	99.99	66.54	785
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-12136	99.98	72.81	5713
HSA-MIR-373-5P	99.98	75.36	4753
HSA-MIR-616-5P	99.98	75.58	4775
HSA-MIR-4723-5P	99.97	68.70	2034
HSA-MIR-8075	99.97	67.20	962
HSA-MIR-9718	99.94	68.91	918
HSA-MIR-3143	99.93	71.96	3104
HSA-MIR-6809-3P	99.91	71.45	3814
HSA-MIR-4753-3P	99.90	71.03	3786
HSA-MIR-4447	99.85	67.81	2900
HSA-MIR-6794-5P	99.76	66.38	1048
HSA-MIR-4428	99.73	66.41	1733
HSA-MIR-1296-3P	99.72	64.04	636
HSA-MIR-3059-5P	99.70	69.93	2491
HSA-MIR-4716-3P	99.69	66.73	1022
HSA-MIR-580-3P	99.67	69.23	1841
HSA-MIR-10394-5P	99.65	66.83	1852
HSA-MIR-1205	99.65	66.76	1826
HSA-MIR-587	99.64	70.86	2611
HSA-MIR-561-3P	99.64	70.90	3647
HSA-MIR-4472	99.56	66.08	1478
HSA-MIR-7844-5P	99.55	68.56	1428
HSA-MIR-216A-5P	99.50	68.02	1288
HSA-MIR-136-5P	99.50	67.26	1153

Functional genomics

ClinGen dosage: haploinsufficiency 1 (little evidence), triplosensitivity 0 (no evidence). ClinGen Gene Dosage Map

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• results from de novo events and a large parallel case-control study provide strong evidence in favour of CHD8 and KATNAL2 as genuine autism risk factors (PMID:22495311)
• KATNAL2 methylation correlates with severity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (PMID:23018867)
• Biallelic mutations in KATNAL2 cause male infertility due to oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia. (PMID:34096614)
• Pathogenic variants in autism gene KATNAL2 cause hydrocephalus and disrupt neuronal connectivity by impairing ciliary microtubule dynamics. (PMID:38916997)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	katnal2	ENSDARG00000012275
mus_musculus	Katnal2	ENSMUSG00000025420
rattus_norvegicus	Katnal2	ENSRNOG00000017788
drosophila_melanogaster	CG10793	FBGN0288967

Paralogs (9): SPAST (ENSG00000021574), KATNAL1 (ENSG00000102781), VPS4B (ENSG00000119541), FIGNL1 (ENSG00000132436), VPS4A (ENSG00000132612), ATAD1 (ENSG00000138138), FIGN (ENSG00000182263), KATNA1 (ENSG00000186625), FIGNL2 (ENSG00000261308)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Katanin p60 ATPase-containing subunit A-like 2 — Q8IYT4 (reviewed: Q8IYT4)

Alternative names: p60 katanin-like 2

All UniProt accessions (14): A0A8I5KR23, A0A8I5KR90, A0A8I5KRY6, Q8IYT4, A0A8I5KTG7, A0A8I5KXQ4, A0A8I5KYQ4, A0A8I5QJL5, A0A8I5QL41, K7EIJ8, K7EM02, K7EMW1, K7EPQ6, K7EQ00

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Severs microtubules in vitro in an ATP-dependent manner. This activity may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton. Spindle. Spindle pole.

Similarity. Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. Katanin p60 subunit A1 subfamily. A-like 2 sub-subfamily.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q8IYT4-1	1	yes
Q8IYT4-2	2

RefSeq proteins (14): NP_001340828, NP_001340829, NP_001340830, NP_001340831, NP_001340832, NP_001340833, NP_001340834, NP_001340835, NP_001340836, NP_001340837, NP_001340838, NP_001354550, NP_001374619, NP_112593 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003593	AAA+_ATPase	Domain
IPR003959	ATPase_AAA_core	Domain
IPR006594	LisH	Conserved_site
IPR027417	P-loop_NTPase	Homologous_superfamily
IPR027497	Katanin_p60_AL2	Family
IPR041569	AAA_lid_3	Domain
IPR050304	MT-severing_AAA_ATPase	Family

Pfam: PF00004, PF08513, PF17862

UniProt features (10 total): compositionally biased region 2, sequence conflict 2, chain 1, domain 1, region of interest 1, binding site 1, splice variant 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8IYT4-F1	72.21	0.30

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (1): 294–301

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 82 (showing top): GOBP_CYTOPLASMIC_MICROTUBULE_ORGANIZATION, MODULE_511, GOCC_MICROTUBULE_ORGANIZING_CENTER, NF1_Q6_01, GOBP_MEIOTIC_CELL_CYCLE_PROCESS, RFX1_02, TGTYNNNNNRGCARM_UNKNOWN, GOCC_SPINDLE, TGGAAA_NFAT_Q4_01, ACEVEDO_LIVER_CANCER_WITH_H3K27ME3_DN, GOBP_MEIOTIC_CELL_CYCLE, RYTGCNWTGGNR_UNKNOWN, MARSON_BOUND_BY_E2F4_UNSTIMULATED, GOCC_INTERMEDIATE_FILAMENT_CYTOSKELETON, GOBP_CELL_CYCLE_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (3): meiotic spindle organization (GO:0000212), cytoplasmic microtubule organization (GO:0031122), microtubule severing (GO:0051013)

GO Molecular Function (7): ATP binding (GO:0005524), microtubule binding (GO:0008017), microtubule severing ATPase activity (GO:0008568), ATP hydrolysis activity (GO:0016887), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), protein binding (GO:0005515), isomerase activity (GO:0016853)

GO Cellular Component (7): spindle pole (GO:0000922), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), spindle (GO:0005819), microtubule (GO:0005874), katanin complex (GO:0008352), microtubule cytoskeleton (GO:0015630), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
microtubule cytoskeleton organization	3
ATP-dependent activity	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
microtubule cytoskeleton	2
intracellular membraneless organelle	2
spindle organization	1
meiotic cell cycle	1
meiotic cell cycle process	1
supramolecular fiber organization	1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
tubulin binding	1
polypeptide conformation or assembly isomerase activity	1
catalytic activity, acting on a protein	1
microtubule destabilizing activity	1
ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1
heterocyclic compound binding	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
spindle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
polymeric cytoskeletal fiber	1
microtubule organizing center	1
microtubule associated complex	1
cytoskeleton	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

5808 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
KATNAL2	CHD8	Q9HCK8	677
KATNAL2	KATNB1	Q9BVA0	643
KATNAL2	KATNBL1	Q9H079	625
KATNAL2	SCN2A	Q99250	611
KATNAL2	Q3MI93	Q3MI93	599
KATNAL2	ST8SIA5	O15466	546
KATNAL2	TATDN3	Q17R31	530
KATNAL2	Q8NG57	Q8NG57	519
KATNAL2	A6NLF2	A6NLF2	512
KATNAL2	HDHD2	Q9H0R4	510
KATNAL2	DYRK1A	Q13627	502
KATNAL2	BEND7	Q8N7W2	490
KATNAL2	OTOL1	A6NHN0	473
KATNAL2	ANGEL2	Q5VTE6	467
KATNAL2	GRIN2B	Q13224	465

IntAct

25 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.710
ACTN2	KATNAL2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KATNAL2	LNX1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
RIPK4	VWA8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
BCAR1	MYO1C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KATNAL2	CDK1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ESR1	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ESR2		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MAPT	SHTN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ORF61	USP11	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CEBPD	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PPARA	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SOX2	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ATF1	MYO1C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SOX2	MYO1C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ESR1	TUBAL3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CFTR	UBA6	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
MCC	KATNAL2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
KATNAL2	LNX1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (33): KATNAL2 (Two-hybrid), KATNAL2 (Affinity Capture-MS), KATNAL2 (Affinity Capture-MS), KATNAL2 (Affinity Capture-MS), KATNAL2 (Affinity Capture-MS), KATNAL2 (Two-hybrid), KATNAL2 (Affinity Capture-MS), KATNAL2 (Co-fractionation), KATNAL2 (Co-fractionation), KATNAL2 (Co-fractionation), KATNAL2 (Co-fractionation), KATNAL2 (Co-fractionation), KATNAL2 (Co-fractionation), AKAP8L (Co-fractionation), KATNAL2 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JMA9, A2VDN5, A8QFF6, A8XV40, A9RA82, B2RYN7, B3EX35, B3M301, B4QSF0, B4USW8, B5X3X5, B7NZ88, B7PXE3, F4IAE9, O14114, O15381, O16299, O59824, O75449, P34808, P54816, Q05AS3, Q0IIR9, Q1HGK7, Q3B8D5, Q4R407, Q5RDX4, Q5RII9, Q5U3S1, Q5XIK7, Q5ZK92, Q60QD1, Q6AZT2, Q6E0V2, Q6NW58, Q6P158, Q6PL18, Q719N1, Q8CDM1, Q8IYT4

Diamond homologs: A0JMA9, A2VDN5, A4IHT0, A8QFF6, A8XV40, A9RA82, B2RYN7, B3EX35, B3M301, B3P8A3, B4G437, B4HGG6, B4JII0, B4K799, B4M0H8, B4NBP4, B4PL32, B4QSF0, B4USW8, B5X3X5, B7NZ88, B7PXE3, D0FH76, D2VS83, F2Z6D2, F4JEX5, F6QV99, O05209, O16299, O28972, O43078, O61577, O75351, O75449, P25694, P34808, P39955, P40328, P46467, P52917

SIGNOR signaling

4 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
KATNAL2	up-regulates	Acrosome_assembly
KATNAL2	“up-regulates activity”	KATNB1	binding
KATNAL2	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	TUBD1	binding
KATNAL2	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	TUBE1	binding

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

187 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	107
Likely benign	56
Benign	11

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

3334 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
18:47059551:TTCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
18:47059554:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
18:47059554:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
18:47059554:AGGAG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
18:47059555:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
18:47059555:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
18:47059555:GGA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
18:47059555:GGAGG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
18:47059650:GAAGA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
18:47059651:AAGA:A	donor_gain	1.0000
18:47059652:AGA:A	donor_gain	1.0000
18:47059653:GA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
18:47059653:GAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
18:47059655:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
18:47059657:AAGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
18:47062966:TTTCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
18:47062968:TCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
18:47062969:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
18:47062970:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
18:47062970:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
18:47062970:AGGG:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
18:47062971:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
18:47062971:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
18:47062971:GGGCC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
18:47063071:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
18:47063357:GCCGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
18:47069218:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
18:47069219:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
18:47069478:TTAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
18:47069479:TA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000002092 (18:46928442 G>A,C), RS1000030999 (18:46946259 A>G), RS1000068562 (18:46932275 C>A), RS1000124933 (18:46952394 T>A,C,G), RS1000127642 (18:46923089 G>A), RS1000141649 (18:47075664 C>A,G,T), RS1000159864 (18:47081044 C>A,T), RS1000168929 (18:47069016 G>T), RS1000191399 (18:46917516 C>A,G,T), RS1000225309 (18:47088139 A>C,G), RS1000231758 (18:46961916 C>T), RS1000277659 (18:47059081 A>G), RS1000336115 (18:46957464 C>G,T), RS1000344961 (18:47038767 A>C), RS1000353834 (18:46929899 C>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:614697 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
male infertility	Moderate	Autosomal recessive
complex neurodevelopmental disorder	Disputed Evidence	Autosomal dominant

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
complex neurodevelopmental disorder	Disputed	AD

Mondo (2): male infertility (MONDO:0005372), complex neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0100038)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

4 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST006326_1	Conscientiousness	1.000000e-07
GCST008595_220	Cognitive ability, years of educational attainment or schizophrenia (pleiotropy)	8.000000e-12
GCST010136_31	Fruit consumption	2.000000e-14
GCST012490_337	Femur bone mineral density x serum urate levels interaction	2.000000e-09

EFO canonical traits (5, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0007912	conscientiousness measurement
EFO:0004337	intelligence
EFO:0004784	self reported educational attainment
EFO:0008111	diet measurement
EFO:0004531	urate measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D007248	Infertility, Male	C12.100.500.430; C12.100.750.700; C12.200.294.430

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL6066251 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

ChEMBL bioactivities

4 potent at pChembl≥5 of 4 total, top 4 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
8.19	Kd	6.467	nM	CHEMBL5653589
8.19	ED50	6.467	nM	CHEMBL5653589
7.42	Kd	37.6	nM	CHEMBL3752910
7.42	ED50	37.6	nM	CHEMBL3752910

PubChem BioAssay actives

2 with measured affinity, of 4 total; 2 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
4-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-6-pyridin-3-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide	2148617: Binding affinity to human KATNAL2 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assay	kd	0.0065	uM
4-methyl-3-[(1-methyl-6-pyridin-3-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide	2148617: Binding affinity to human KATNAL2 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assay	kd	0.0376	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

24 total (human), top 24 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression, increases methylation	2
Phthalic Acids	increases abundance, increases methylation	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression, decreases expression	2
Valproic Acid	affects expression, increases methylation	2
Aflatoxin B1	decreases expression, decreases methylation	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
pirinixic acid	affects binding, decreases expression, increases activity	1
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
entinostat	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
mono-isobutyl phthalate	increases abundance, increases methylation	1
Vorinostat	increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Ivermectin	decreases expression	1
Methapyrilene	decreases expression	1
Methylcholanthrene	affects binding, increases reaction	1
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Smoke	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	decreases expression	1
Acrylamide	increases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

1 unique, capped per target: 1 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL5651659	Binding	Binding affinity to human KATNAL2 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assay	NVP-BHG712: Effects of Regioisomers on the Affinity and Selectivity toward the EPHrin Family. — ChemMedChem

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

127 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02202382	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Male Infertility
NCT02204826	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Semen Parameters in Male Infertility Patients: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Study
NCT03802864	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Post-operative Pain Control of Testicular Sperm Extraction Using Liposomal Bupivacaine
NCT06100432	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Effect of Eurycoma Longifolia (DLBS5055) and Multivitamins (Vitamin C+Vitamin E+ β-carotene) for Infertile Males
NCT07523022	PHASE4	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Comparison of the Effect of Gonadotropin and Clomiphene Citrate Treatment on Sperm Parameters and the Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Procedures in Subfertile Men Based on the APHRODITE Groups
NCT00975117	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Spermotrend in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT01407432	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Impact of Folates in the Care of the Male Infertility
NCT01895816	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Herbal Tonic Fertile Supplement(ZO2C5)
NCT02605070	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Pilot Study on the Effects of FSH Treatment on the Epigenetic Characteristics of Spermatozoa in Infertile Patients With Severe Oligozoospermia
NCT07402759	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Impact of tdrd9 Gene Mutations in the Therapeutic Response to L-carnitine in Oligoasthenozoospermic Men
NCT01880086	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Low Testosterone Associated With Chronic Opioid Pain Medication Administration
NCT02061384	PHASE2	COMPLETED	RA-2 13-cis Retinoic Acid (Isotretinoin)
NCT02421887	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Males, Antioxidants, and Infertility Trial
NCT05200663	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Efficacy Comparison of Tamoxifen and Tamoxifen With Antioxidants on Semen Quality of Male With Idiopathic Infertility
NCT05290558	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	The Therapeutic Effects of Bu Shen Yi Jing Pill on Semen Quality in Sub Fertile Males: a Randomized Controlled Trial
NCT06091969	PHASE2	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Supplementation for Male Subfertility
NCT01595308	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Pomegranate Juice on Semen Parameters in Healthy Male Volunteers
NCT02122211	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Choline Dehydrogenase and Sperm Function: Effects of Betaine
NCT02575924	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Influence of Culture Media on Clinical Outcomes in Poor Responders or Severe Male Infertility
NCT01304927	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Vitamin D Supplementation and Male Infertility: The CBG-study a Randomized Clinical Trial
NCT02349945	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	FSH Receptor Polymorphism p.N680S and Efficacy of FSH Therapy
NCT05222841	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	The Effectiveness of Spermotrend Food Supplement in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT05616598	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effect of New Oral Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus on Seminal Parameters
NCT02025270	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	MSCs For Treatment of Azoospermic Patients
NCT04541459	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Validation of New Devices Against Ambient Electromagnetic Radiation
NCT05792813	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Efficacy and Safety of Linggui Yangyuan Paste in Patients With Male Infertility
NCT06188936	EARLY_PHASE1	COMPLETED	Home Semen Analysis Tests As a Screening Tool for Fertility Patients
NCT00012480	Not specified	COMPLETED	Effect of Environmental Exposures on the Egg Fertilizing Ability of Human Sperm
NCT00044369	Not specified	COMPLETED	Role of the Toxic Metal Cadmium in the Mechanism Producing Infertility With a Varicocele
NCT00119925	Not specified	UNKNOWN	‘SPRING’-Study: Subfertility Guidelines: Patient Related Implementation in the Netherlands Among Gynaecologists
NCT00178516	Not specified	COMPLETED	Vitamin E and Male Infertility
NCT00315029	Not specified	COMPLETED	Patient-Centered Implementation Trial for Single Embryo Transfer
NCT00341120	Not specified	COMPLETED	Genetic Causes of Male Infertility
NCT00481403	Not specified	COMPLETED	Study of Sperm Molecular Factors Implicated in Male Fertility
NCT00548977	Not specified	COMPLETED	Genetic Studies Spermatogenic Failure
NCT00596739	Not specified	COMPLETED	A Study of the Pre- and Post-operative Semen Analyses and Reproductive Hormone Levels of Men Undergoing Weight-reduction Surgery
NCT00756561	Not specified	COMPLETED	HOP-2A - Intratesticular Hormone Levels
NCT00961558	Not specified	TERMINATED	Canadian Varicocelectomy Initiative (CVI): Effects on Male Fertility and Testicular Function of Varicocelectomy
NCT01075334	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Is a Carnitine Based Food Supplement (PorimoreTM) for Infertile Men Superior to Folate and Zinc With Regard to Pregnancy Rates in Intrauterine Insemination Cycles?
NCT01178463	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Spermatogonial Stem Cells in Azoospermic Patients: a Comparison Between Obstructive and Non-obstructive Azoospermia