KCND1

Summary

KCND1 (potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 1, HGNC:6237) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome Xp11.23, encoding A-type voltage-gated potassium channel KCND1 (Q9NSA2). A-type voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes in the brain.

This gene encodes a multipass membrane protein that comprises the pore subunit of the voltage-gated A-type potassium channel, which functions in the repolarization of membrane action potentials. Activity of voltage-gated potassium channels is important in a number of physiological processes, among them the regulation of neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, and smooth muscle contraction.

Source: NCBI Gene 3750 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): neurodevelopmental disorder (Strong, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 99 total
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_004979

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:6237
Approved symbol	KCND1
Name	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 1
Location	Xp11.23
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	Kv4.1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000102057
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	300281
Entrez	3750

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 6 — 6 protein_coding

ENST00000218176, ENST00000376477, ENST00000419374, ENST00000935975, ENST00000935976, ENST00000935977

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_004979 NM_004979

CCDS: CCDS14314

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000218176 — 6 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000670739	48966055	48966305
ENSE00000867184	48966944	48967106
ENSE00000867185	48966761	48966844
ENSE00000867186	48966578	48966676
ENSE00001045802	48969151	48971844
ENSE00001841325	48961380	48962806

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 165 present calls, max score 82.68.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 0.5646 / max 33.4380, expressed in 344 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
199217	0.4386	290
199216	0.1038	36
199218	0.0222	4

Top tissues by expression

287 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
endometrium epithelium	UBERON:0004811	82.68	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	80.41	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	79.77	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	79.47	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	79.37	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	78.15	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	77.48	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	75.59	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	72.67	gold quality
paraflocculus	UBERON:0005351	72.07	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	70.97	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	70.81	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	70.42	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	70.39	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	70.04	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	69.75	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	69.20	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	68.99	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	68.96	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	68.78	gold quality
coronary artery	UBERON:0001621	68.55	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	68.54	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	68.28	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	68.15	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	68.14	gold quality
middle frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002702	67.95	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	67.52	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	67.51	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	67.47	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	67.39	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	8.77

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

102 targeting KCND1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4510	100.00	66.60	2050
HSA-MIR-6127	100.00	66.76	2188
HSA-MIR-6129	100.00	66.46	2080
HSA-MIR-6130	100.00	66.69	2012
HSA-MIR-6133	100.00	66.48	2064
HSA-MIR-4425	100.00	67.59	1049
HSA-MIR-6867-5P	100.00	82.21	3464
HSA-MIR-1184	99.99	68.19	1458
HSA-MIR-4534	99.99	66.58	1907
HSA-MIR-33A-5P	99.99	68.62	1055
HSA-MIR-33B-5P	99.99	68.58	1062
HSA-MIR-150-5P	99.99	66.69	1976
HSA-MIR-103A-3P	99.98	69.14	1595
HSA-MIR-107	99.98	69.14	1595
HSA-MIR-6778-3P	99.96	67.29	2693
HSA-MIR-4267	99.96	66.53	2368
HSA-MIR-6825-5P	99.96	69.81	3431
HSA-MIR-8082	99.95	67.27	1170
HSA-MIR-545-3P	99.95	70.74	2783
HSA-MIR-6845-3P	99.94	66.88	1439
HSA-MIR-218-5P	99.93	72.22	2103
HSA-MIR-3119	99.92	71.34	2390
HSA-MIR-4731-5P	99.89	67.23	2537
HSA-MIR-765	99.84	68.24	2442
HSA-MIR-1321	99.84	65.30	1811
HSA-MIR-4739	99.84	65.25	1832
HSA-MIR-4756-5P	99.84	64.98	1809
HSA-MIR-6079	99.84	68.54	1170
HSA-MIR-448	99.79	72.37	2103
HSA-MIR-370-5P	99.78	66.81	706

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 5)

• These results demonstrated that Kv4.1 plays a role in proliferation of tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells. (PMID:19401188)
• S-glutathionylation of an auxiliary subunit confers redox sensitivity to Kv4 channel inactivation. (PMID:24675763)
• reflected in the immunoblotting data KV4.1 receptors were detected at higher levels of expression in patient with cortical dysplasia with intractable epilepsy. (PMID:25003238)
• Calbindin regulates Kv4.1 trafficking and excitability in dentate granule cells via CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation. (PMID:34234278)
• Etiological involvement of KCND1 variants in an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder with variable expressivity. (PMID:38772379)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Kcnd1	ENSMUSG00000009731
rattus_norvegicus	Kcnd1	ENSRNOG00000039544

Paralogs (31): KCNG1 (ENSG00000026559), KCNQ1 (ENSG00000053918), KCNQ2 (ENSG00000075043), KCNA7 (ENSG00000104848), KCNA1 (ENSG00000111262), KCNC4 (ENSG00000116396), KCNQ4 (ENSG00000117013), KCNS1 (ENSG00000124134), KCNC1 (ENSG00000129159), KCNA5 (ENSG00000130037), KCNC3 (ENSG00000131398), KCNA10 (ENSG00000143105), KCNA6 (ENSG00000151079), KCNS2 (ENSG00000156486), KCNB1 (ENSG00000158445), KCNF1 (ENSG00000162975), KCNV1 (ENSG00000164794), KCNC2 (ENSG00000166006), KCNV2 (ENSG00000168263), KCNG4 (ENSG00000168418), KCNS3 (ENSG00000170745), KCNG3 (ENSG00000171126), KCND3 (ENSG00000171385), KCNA3 (ENSG00000177272), KCNA2 (ENSG00000177301), KCNG2 (ENSG00000178342), KCNA4 (ENSG00000182255), KCNB2 (ENSG00000182674), KCNQ3 (ENSG00000184156), KCND2 (ENSG00000184408), KCNQ5 (ENSG00000185760)

Protein

Protein identifiers

A-type voltage-gated potassium channel KCND1 — Q9NSA2 (reviewed: Q9NSA2)

Alternative names: Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 1, Shal-type potassium channel KCND1, Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv4.1

All UniProt accessions (2): Q9NSA2, H7C3V4

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. A-type voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes in the brain. Mediates A-type current I(SA) in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons. Exhibits a low-threshold A-type current with a hyperpolarized steady-state inactivation midpoint and the recovery process was steeply voltage-dependent, with recovery being markedly faster at more negative potentials. May regulates repetitive firing rates in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons and circadian rhythms in neuronal excitability and behavior. Contributes to the regulation of the circadian rhythm of action potential firing in suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons, which regulates the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity. The regulatory subunit KCNIP1 modulates the kinetics of channel inactivation, increases the current amplitudes and accelerates recovery from inactivation, shifts activation in a depolarizing direction. The regulatory subunit DPP10 decreases the voltage sensitivity of the inactivation channel gating.

Subunit / interactions. Component of heteromultimeric potassium channels. Identified in potassium channel complexes containing KCND1, KCND2, KCND3, KCNIP1, KCNIP2, KCNIP3, KCNIP4, DPP6 and DPP10.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Widely expressed. Highly expressed in brain, in particular in cerebellum and thalamus; detected at lower levels in the other parts of the brain.

Domain organisation. The transmembrane segment S4 functions as a voltage-sensor and is characterized by a series of positively charged amino acids at every third position. Channel opening and closing is effected by a conformation change that affects the position and orientation of the voltage-sensor paddle formed by S3 and S4 within the membrane. A transmembrane electric field that is positive inside would push the positively charged S4 segment outwards, thereby opening the pore, while a field that is negative inside would pull the S4 segment inwards and close the pore. Changes in the position and orientation of S4 are then transmitted to the activation gate formed by the inner helix bundle via the S4-S5 linker region. The zinc binding sites in the N-terminal domain are important for tetramerization and assembly of a functional channel complex. Most likely, the channel undergoes closed-state inactivation, where a subtle conformation change would render the protein less sensitive to activation.

Similarity. Belongs to the potassium channel family. D (Shal) (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv4.1/KCND1 sub-subfamily.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9NSA2-1	1	yes
Q9NSA2-2	2

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_004970* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000210	BTB/POZ_dom	Domain
IPR003131	T1-type_BTB	Domain
IPR003968	K_chnl_volt-dep_Kv	Family
IPR003975	K_chnl_volt-dep_Kv4	Family
IPR004054	K_chnl_volt-dep_Kv4.1	Family
IPR005821	Ion_trans_dom	Domain
IPR011333	SKP1/BTB/POZ_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR021645	Shal-type_N	Domain
IPR024587	K_chnl_volt-dep_Kv4_C	Domain
IPR027359	Volt_channel_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR028325	VG_K_chnl	Family

Pfam: PF00520, PF02214, PF11601, PF11879

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• K(+)(in) = K(+)(out) (RHEA:29463)

UniProt features (35 total): topological domain 8, transmembrane region 6, region of interest 6, binding site 3, intramembrane region 2, modified residue 2, glycosylation site 2, sequence conflict 2, chain 1, short sequence motif 1, compositionally biased region 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9NSA2-F1	70.95	0.41

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (3): 104; 131; 132

Post-translational modifications (2): 458, 555

Glycosylation sites (2): 352, 355

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

6 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1296072	Voltage gated Potassium channels
R-HSA-5576894	Phase 1 - inactivation of fast Na+ channels
R-HSA-112316	Neuronal System
R-HSA-1296071	Potassium Channels
R-HSA-397014	Muscle contraction
R-HSA-5576891	Cardiac conduction

MSigDB gene sets: 170 (showing top): GOBP_POTASSIUM_ION_TRANSPORT, RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, REACTOME_VOLTAGE_GATED_POTASSIUM_CHANNELS, REACTOME_POTASSIUM_CHANNELS, AAGCCAT_MIR135A_MIR135B, AREB6_01, AP2_Q3, CTATGCA_MIR153, AATGGAG_MIR136, GOBP_MONOATOMIC_CATION_TRANSPORT, KOYAMA_SEMA3B_TARGETS_UP, TGCTGAY_UNKNOWN, HEN1_01, MODULE_480, MODULE_99

GO Biological Process (7): action potential (GO:0001508), protein homooligomerization (GO:0051260), potassium ion transmembrane transport (GO:0071805), monoatomic ion transport (GO:0006811), potassium ion transport (GO:0006813), monoatomic ion transmembrane transport (GO:0034220), transmembrane transport (GO:0055085)

GO Molecular Function (6): A-type (transient outward) potassium channel activity (GO:0005250), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), monoatomic ion channel activity (GO:0005216), voltage-gated potassium channel activity (GO:0005249), potassium channel activity (GO:0005267), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (7): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), voltage-gated potassium channel complex (GO:0008076), neuronal cell body (GO:0043025), dendritic spine (GO:0043197), postsynaptic membrane (GO:0045211), membrane (GO:0016020), monoatomic ion channel complex (GO:0034702)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-4 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Potassium Channels	1
Cardiac conduction	1
Neuronal System	1
Muscle contraction	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
transport	2
postsynapse	2
regulation of membrane potential	1
protein complex oligomerization	1
potassium ion transport	1
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	1
metal ion transport	1
monoatomic ion transport	1
transmembrane transport	1
cellular process	1
outward rectifier potassium channel activity	1
cation binding	1
monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity	1
channel activity	1
potassium channel activity	1
voltage-gated monoatomic cation channel activity	1
monoatomic cation channel activity	1
potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity	1
binding	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
potassium channel complex	1
plasma membrane protein complex	1
somatodendritic compartment	1
cell body	1
dendrite	1
neuron spine	1
synaptic membrane	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
transmembrane transporter complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1352 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
KCND1	KCNIP4	Q6PIL6	920
KCND1	KCNIP1	Q9NZI2	863
KCND1	KCNIP2	Q9NS61	708
KCND1	KCNIP3	Q9Y2W7	677
KCND1	VSNL1	P28677	671
KCND1	PI4KB	P78405	669
KCND1	CADPS	Q9ULU8	649
KCND1	NCS1	P36610	641
KCND1	IL1RAPL1	Q9NZN1	634
KCND1	KCND3	Q9UK17	612
KCND1	DPP6	P42658	611
KCND1	KCNA4	P22459	575
KCND1	RCVRN	P35243	543
KCND1	DPP10	Q8N608	539
KCND1	KCNH5	Q8NCM2	504

IntAct

2 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
KCND1	HMGA1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400

BioGRID (2): KCND1 (Proximity Label-MS), KCND1 (Proximity Label-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2BDX4, A4K2T1, A4K2Y2, D4AD53, O15554, O73606, O88454, O89109, P15388, P17971, P17972, P35739, P48547, P59053, P59994, P59995, P97557, Q03719, Q0P583, Q17ST2, Q52PG9, Q5RC10, Q60565, Q63881, Q6IVV8, Q6PIU1, Q7TN37, Q80XM3, Q8BZN2, Q8CFS6, Q8HYZ1, Q8IV77, Q8R1P5, Q8R523, Q8TAE7, Q8TD43, Q8TDN1, Q8TDN2, Q96RP8, Q9ERS0

Diamond homologs: A2BDX4, A4K2M4, A4K2N8, A4K2P6, A4K2Q6, A4K2R3, A4K2S2, A4K2T1, A4K2V2, A4K2W6, A4K2X4, A4K2Y2, A6H8H5, D4AD53, D4ADX7, G5EFC3, O18868, O35173, O35174, O73606, O88758, O88759, P10499, P15384, P15385, P15387, P15388, P16388, P16390, P17970, P17971, P17972, P22001, P22459, P22739, P25122, P48547, P59053, P59994, P59995

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

99 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	70
Likely benign	7
Benign	3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1058 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
X:48962804:CGG:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:48962807:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:48966049:GCTTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
X:48966050:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
X:48966051:TTACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:48966052:TACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:48966053:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
X:48966053:ACC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:48966054:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
X:48966054:CCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
X:48966756:CCCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
X:48966759:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:48966784:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
X:48966785:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
X:48966840:ACCTT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:48966841:CCTTC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:48966842:CTT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:48966843:TT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:48966843:TTCTG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:48966845:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:48966848:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:48966849:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:48966939:GTTAC:G	donor_loss	1.0000
X:48966940:TTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:48966941:TACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:48966942:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
X:48966942:ACC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:48966943:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
X:48966943:CCTG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
X:48967105:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

4212 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
X:48966990:C:G	R413P	1.000
X:48966995:A:C	F411L	1.000
X:48966995:A:T	F411L	1.000
X:48966996:A:C	F411C	1.000
X:48966996:A:G	F411S	1.000
X:48966997:A:G	F411L	1.000
X:48967008:A:C	I407S	1.000
X:48967008:A:T	I407N	1.000
X:48967011:A:T	V406D	1.000
X:48967020:G:C	P403R	1.000
X:48967020:G:T	P403H	1.000
X:48967023:A:C	L402R	1.000
X:48967023:A:G	L402P	1.000
X:48967023:A:T	L402Q	1.000
X:48967026:G:T	A401D	1.000
X:48967029:A:T	I400N	1.000
X:48967035:A:C	L398W	1.000
X:48967041:C:T	G396D	1.000
X:48967042:C:G	G396R	1.000
X:48967043:A:C	S395R	1.000
X:48967043:A:T	S395R	1.000
X:48967045:T:G	S395R	1.000
X:48967047:A:G	L394P	1.000
X:48967047:A:T	L394H	1.000
X:48967052:G:C	C392W	1.000
X:48967053:C:T	C392Y	1.000
X:48967054:A:G	C392R	1.000
X:48967062:C:T	G389E	1.000
X:48967063:C:A	G389W	1.000
X:48967063:C:G	G389R	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000248357 (X:48965178 A>G), RS1000896122 (X:48967448 C>T), RS1001350211 (X:48967927 G>A,C), RS1001954752 (X:48970450 G>A,T), RS1002902342 (X:48972463 C>T), RS1002968328 (X:48961339 C>T), RS1003363685 (X:48973073 C>T), RS1003590 (X:48961175 C>G,T), RS1003976554 (X:48964141 G>A), RS1004071350 (X:48964569 T>C,G), RS1005029989 (X:48966790 G>A,C), RS1005534692 (X:48967269 T>A), RS1007082738 (X:48971854 T>C), RS1009160812 (X:48965820 G>A,T), RS1009546833 (X:48968590 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:300281 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
neurodevelopmental disorder	Strong	X-linked

Mondo (1): neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST90002400_517	Plateletcrit	7.000000e-14

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0007985	platelet crit

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D065886	Neurodevelopmental Disorders	F03.625

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL2362996 (PROTEIN FAMILY)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: vgic — Voltage-gated potassium channels (K_v)

Most potent curated ligand interactions (3 total), top 3:

Ligand	Action	Affinity	Parameter
HmTx1	Channel blocker	6.5	pIC50
tetraethylammonium	Channel blocker	2.0	pIC50
fampridine	Channel blocker	2.0	pIC50

ChEMBL bioactivities

2 potent at pChembl≥5 of 2 total, top 2 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
9.82	Ki	0.15	nM	CHEMBL5722941
9.74	IC50	0.18	nM	CHEMBL5722941

PubChem BioAssay actives

2 with measured affinity, of 34 total; 1 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
3-[(1R,2aS,4S,5aS,8aS,10S,11aR,14aS,16S,17aS,19S,20aS,22S,23aS,25S,26aS,28S,29aS,31R,32aS,35aS,36R,38aS,39S,41aS,42S,44aS,45S,48R,50aS,51S,53aS,54S,56aS,57S,59aS,60S,63S,66S,69S,72S,75S,78S,87R,93S,96S,99S)-17a,20a,23a,53a,63-pentakis(4-aminobutyl)-31-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-2-[[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]pentanoyl]amino]pentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-16,29a,72,78-tetrakis(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-14a,26a-bis(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-2a,38a,66-tribenzyl-28,50a,57-tris[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-4,5a,19,42,45,69-hexakis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-51,54-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-56a,99-bis(carboxymethyl)-36-[[(2S,3S)-1-(carboxymethylamino)-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-39,60-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-75,93-bis(hydroxymethyl)-32a,35a,59a-tris[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-22-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-96-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-41a-methyl-25-(2-methylpropyl)-1a,3,4a,6,7a,9,10a,13a,15,16a,18,19a,21,22a,24,25a,27,28a,30,31a,34a,37a,38,40a,41,43a,44,47,49a,50,52a,53,55a,56,58a,59,61a,62,65,68,71,74,77,80,83,86,89,92,95,98-pentacontaoxo-33,34,63a,64a,67a,68a-hexathia-a,2,3a,5,6a,8,9a,12a,14,15a,17,18a,20,21a,23,24a,26,27a,29,30a,33a,36a,37,39a,40,42a,43,46,48a,49,51a,52,54a,55,57a,58,60a,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97-pentacontazapentacyclo[85.74.4.448,111.010,14.0144,148]nonahexacontahectan-8a-yl]propanoic acid	2198828: Binding affinity to KV channel (unknown origin) assessed as inhibition constant	ki	0.0001	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

21 total (human), top 21 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
hydroxyhydroquinone	decreases expression	1
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate	affects expression	1
sulforaphane	decreases expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
jinfukang	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	affects expression, increases abundance	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases methylation	1
Cisplatin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Diethylhexyl Phthalate	decreases expression	1
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Ozone	affects expression, increases abundance	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	1
Urethane	increases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases methylation	1
Acrylamide	increases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

21 unique, capped per target: 20 binding, 1 toxicity

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL1787442	Binding	Inhibition of human recombinant Kv channel at 10 uM by radioligand binding assay	Structure-activity relationships of pyrrole based S-nitrosoglutathione reductase inhibitors: pyrrole regioisomers and propionic acid replacement. — Bioorg Med Chem Lett
CHEMBL5522525	Toxicity	Inhibition of human K+ channel by automated electrophysiology	Discovery of Clinical Candidate AZD5462, a Selective Oral Allosteric RXFP1 Agonist for Treatment of Heart Failure. — J Med Chem

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

202 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT04586348	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Prenatal Iodine Supplementation and Early Childhood Neurodevelopment
NCT04873115	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Sialanar Plus orAl rehabiLitation Against Placebo Plus Oral Rehabilitation for chIldren and Adolescents With seVere Sialorrhoea and Neurodisabilties,
NCT02559102	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Dexmedetomidine Sedation Versus General Anaesthesia for Inguinal Hernia Surgery in Infants
NCT02757079	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study of the Efficacy and Safety of NPC-15 for Sleep Disorders of Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders
NCT06915480	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Reducing Missed Appointments
NCT07377032	PHASE3	RECRUITING	TAP-GRIN: Interventional Study on Patients With GRIN-related Neurodevelopmental Disorders
NCT02909959	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Sulforaphane for the Treatment of Young Men With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT06081348	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Sertraline vs. Placebo in the Treatment of Anxiety in Children and AdoLescents With NeurodevelopMental Disorders
NCT06352372	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of tPBM for Epileptiform Activity in Autism
NCT00503191	PHASE1	COMPLETED	NeuroModulation Technique Treatment of Autism
NCT04475848	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Food Effect of RO6953958 in Healthy Participants
NCT06300398	PHASE1	COMPLETED	IAMA-6 Oral Dose Study in Healthy Adults
NCT01783041	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effect of Early L-Carnitine Supplementation on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants
NCT05767385	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	Fetal Cerebrovascular Autoregulation in Congenital Heart Disease and Association With Neonatal Neurobehavior
NCT05675098	EARLY_PHASE1	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Central Nervous System Stimulants and Physical Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy
NCT00783783	Not specified	COMPLETED	CYP2D6 Pharmacogenetics in Risperidone-Treated Children
NCT01778504	Not specified	RECRUITING	Studying Childhood-onset Behavioral, Psychiatric, and Developmental Disorders
NCT01850784	Not specified	UNKNOWN	High Energy Formula Feeding in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease
NCT01922791	Not specified	COMPLETED	Nutrition and Pregnancy Intervention Study
NCT01942525	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Influence of Intrauterine Growth Restriction on Amplitude-integrated EEG in Preterm Infants
NCT02003170	Not specified	COMPLETED	Etiology and Early Diagnosis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
NCT02118649	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Enhancing Behavior and Brain Response to Visual Targets Using a Computer Game
NCT02557191	Not specified	TERMINATED	Biomarkers, Neurodevelopment and Preterm Infants
NCT02690675	Not specified	COMPLETED	Iron Supplement Effect on Child Development
NCT02694003	Not specified	COMPLETED	Better Nights, Better Days for Children With Neurodevelopment Disorders
NCT02792894	Not specified	COMPLETED	Family Networks (FaNs) for Children With Developmental Disorders and Delays
NCT02871674	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Good Night Project: Behavioural Sleep Interventions for Children With ADHD: A Randomised Controlled Trial
NCT02887157	Not specified	COMPLETED	Analyzing Retinal Microanatomy in ROP
NCT02898298	Not specified	COMPLETED	Positive Emotion Regulation Training in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults With and Without Developmental Disorder
NCT02912780	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Introduction of Microsystems in a Level 3 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
NCT03023293	Not specified	COMPLETED	n-3 PUFAs, Irisin and Maternal Glucose Metabolism From Pregnancy to Postpartum
NCT03023644	Not specified	COMPLETED	Improving Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children With Congenital Heart Disease: An Intervention Study
NCT03032991	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Early Biomarkers of Neurodevelopment in Offspring of Diabetic Mothers
NCT03088189	Not specified	TERMINATED	Effect of Parental Peri-conceptional Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Infant Neurocognitive Development in Offspring
NCT03096028	Not specified	COMPLETED	Developmental Origins of Mental Health Disorders
NCT03148782	Not specified	COMPLETED	Brain Plasticity Underlying Acquisition of New Organizational Skills in Children-R61 Phase
NCT03172104	Not specified	COMPLETED	Neurobehavioural Development of Infants Born <30 Weeks Gestational Age Between Birth and Five Years of Age
NCT03222375	Not specified	RECRUITING	SQUED™ Series 28.1 Home-use and Treatment of Autowave Reverberator of Autism
NCT03229928	Not specified	COMPLETED	Clinical Testing of a Real-Time Behavior Measurement Tool: Measuring Outcomes for CHAnge
NCT03232489	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Study for the Evaluation of the Feasibility of Applying Advanced MRI Scanning in Pediatric Clinical Practice