KCNE5

Summary

KCNE5 (potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 5, HGNC:6241) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome Xq23, encoding Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory beta subunit 5 (Q9UJ90). Potassium channel ancillary subunit that is essential for generation of some native K(+) currents by virtue of formation of heteromeric ion channel complex with voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel pore-forming alpha subunits.

This gene encodes a member of a family of single pass transmembrane domain proteins that function as ancillary subunits to voltage-gated potassium channels. Members of this family affect diverse processes in potassium channel regulation, including ion selectivity, voltage dependence, and anterograde recycling from the plasma membrane. Variants of this gene are associated with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and Brugada syndrome.

Source: NCBI Gene 23630 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): Brugada syndrome (Limited, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 122 total — 1 pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 34
• MANE Select transcript: NM_012282

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:6241
Approved symbol	KCNE5
Name	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 5
Location	Xq23
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000176076
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	300328
Entrez	23630

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000372101

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_012282 NM_012282

CCDS: CCDS14547

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000372101 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001456908	109623700	109625172

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 117 present calls, max score 85.34.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 2.0469 / max 302.5477, expressed in 330 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
200120	2.0469	330

Top tissues by expression

125 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	85.34	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	80.74	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	75.98	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	74.71	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	73.56	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	72.99	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	72.07	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	71.96	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	70.81	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	68.55	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	66.51	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	66.43	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	66.29	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	66.14	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	65.61	gold quality
brain	UBERON:0000955	64.85	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	63.13	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	62.37	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	62.35	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	61.43	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	61.43	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	60.87	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	60.11	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	60.07	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	59.98	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	59.59	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	59.00	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	58.68	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	57.64	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	57.30	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 4 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-84465	yes	1343.01
E-MTAB-10432	yes	166.03
E-CURD-112	yes	26.58
E-ANND-3	no	1.39

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

51 targeting KCNE5, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4533	100.00	69.48	2758
HSA-MIR-22-3P	99.93	68.13	917
HSA-MIR-4671-3P	99.88	72.46	1045
HSA-MIR-4728-5P	99.85	69.39	4718
HSA-MIR-6785-5P	99.82	68.68	4428
HSA-MIR-6842-5P	99.80	67.54	1587
HSA-MIR-7110-5P	99.80	67.84	1712
HSA-MIR-34B-5P	99.78	67.56	1175
HSA-MIR-449C-5P	99.78	67.63	1168
HSA-MIR-6764-5P	99.75	67.89	2304
HSA-MIR-556-3P	99.74	68.75	1203
HSA-MIR-2682-5P	99.73	67.38	1055
HSA-MIR-149-3P	99.72	68.22	3963
HSA-MIR-548AU-3P	99.70	68.22	1373
HSA-MIR-6883-5P	99.69	68.05	3785
HSA-MIR-3202	99.66	67.70	2737
HSA-MIR-1827	99.63	68.57	3265
HSA-MIR-298	99.63	67.56	1916
HSA-MIR-1249-5P	99.61	66.55	2049
HSA-MIR-6797-5P	99.61	66.55	2084
HSA-MIR-6752-5P	99.59	67.32	1243
HSA-MIR-1915-3P	99.58	66.79	1988
HSA-MIR-4480	99.42	66.02	735
HSA-MIR-584-3P	99.35	67.69	1082
HSA-MIR-7515	99.31	68.22	1795
HSA-MIR-4426	99.17	66.74	1949
HSA-MIR-4651	99.06	67.57	2002
HSA-MIR-922	99.02	67.23	1838
HSA-MIR-608	98.93	67.83	2013
HSA-MIR-4764-5P	98.88	65.53	894

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 5)

• A missense mutation in KCNE5 may be associated with nonfamilial or acquired forms of atrial fibrillation. (PMID:18313602)
• KCNE5 modulates I(to), and its novel variants appeared to cause IVF, especially BrS, in male patients through gain-of-function effects on I(to). Screening for KCNE5 variants is relevant for BrS or IVF. (PMID:21493962)
• Data show that KCNQ3 and KCNE5 mRNA expressions were significantly upregulated in preeclampsia. (PMID:21730298)
• common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) from KCNE5, and ECG measurements and survival in postacute acute coronary syndrome patients (PMID:21985337)
• Carriers of DSG2p.F531C showed various phenotypes. (PMID:30129429)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Kcne5	ENSMUSG00000090122
rattus_norvegicus	Kcne5	ENSRNOG00000019176

Paralogs (1): KCNE3 (ENSG00000175538)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory beta subunit 5 — Q9UJ90 (reviewed: Q9UJ90)

Alternative names: AMME syndrome candidate gene 2 protein, Potassium channel subunit beta MiRP4, Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1-like protein

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9UJ90

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Potassium channel ancillary subunit that is essential for generation of some native K(+) currents by virtue of formation of heteromeric ion channel complex with voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel pore-forming alpha subunits. Functions as an inhibitory beta-subunit of the repolarizing cardiac potassium ion channel KCNQ1.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with KCNQ1; impairs KCNQ1 localization in lipid rafts and only conducts current upon strong and continued depolarization.

Subcellular location. Membrane.

Tissue specificity. Highly expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, brain, spinal cord and placenta.

Disease relevance. AMME complex (ATS-MR) [MIM:300194] An X-linked contiguous gene deletion syndrome characterized by glomerulonephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, intellectual disability, midface hypoplasia and elliptocytosis. The gene represented in this entry may be involved in disease pathogenesis.

Similarity. Belongs to the potassium channel KCNE family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_036414* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000369	K_chnl_KCNE	Family

UniProt features (10 total): sequence variant 4, glycosylation site 2, chain 1, transmembrane region 1, topological domain 1, region of interest 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9UJ90-F1	64.43	0.19

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Glycosylation sites (2): 2, 25

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-5576890	Phase 3 - rapid repolarisation
R-HSA-5576893	Phase 2 - plateau phase
R-HSA-397014	Muscle contraction
R-HSA-5576891	Cardiac conduction

MSigDB gene sets: 263 (showing top): GOBP_POTASSIUM_ION_TRANSPORT, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORT, GOBP_CIRCULATORY_SYSTEM_PROCESS, AP4_Q6, TGACCTY_ERR1_Q2, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_POTASSIUM_ION_TRANSPORT, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORT, GOBP_MONOATOMIC_CATION_TRANSPORT, GOBP_CELL_CELL_SIGNALING, COUP_01, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CARDIAC_MUSCLE_CELL_MEMBRANE_REPOLARIZATION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_TRANSPORT, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_POTASSIUM_ION_TRANSPORT, MYOD_01, GOBP_MUSCLE_CONTRACTION

GO Biological Process (16): regulation of heart contraction (GO:0008016), cardiac muscle contraction (GO:0060048), regulation of membrane repolarization (GO:0060306), regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization (GO:0060307), regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization (GO:0060372), ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential (GO:0086005), membrane repolarization during action potential (GO:0086011), atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential (GO:0086014), regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction (GO:0086091), potassium ion export across plasma membrane (GO:0097623), membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential (GO:0098915), regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport (GO:1901379), negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport (GO:1901380), positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport (GO:1901381), negative regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane (GO:1903765), monoatomic ion transport (GO:0006811)

GO Molecular Function (6): voltage-gated potassium channel activity (GO:0005249), potassium channel regulator activity (GO:0015459), transmembrane transporter binding (GO:0044325), delayed rectifier potassium channel activity (GO:0005251), protein binding (GO:0005515), voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization (GO:1902282)

GO Cellular Component (3): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), voltage-gated potassium channel complex (GO:0008076), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Cardiac conduction	2
Muscle contraction	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
potassium ion transmembrane transport	4
heart contraction	2
membrane repolarization	2
regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization	2
ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization	2
cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction	2
regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport	2
potassium channel activity	2
regulation of blood circulation	1
striated muscle contraction	1
regulation of membrane potential	1
regulation of biological process	1
atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization	1
action potential	1
atrial cardiac muscle cell to AV node cell signaling	1
regulation of heart rate	1
cardiac conduction	1
export across plasma membrane	1
ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential	1
membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential	1
regulation of potassium ion transport	1
regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	1
negative regulation of potassium ion transport	1
negative regulation of cation transmembrane transport	1
positive regulation of potassium ion transport	1
positive regulation of cation transmembrane transport	1
potassium ion export across plasma membrane	1
negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport	1
regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane	1
transport	1
voltage-gated monoatomic cation channel activity	1
ion channel regulator activity	1
protein binding	1
voltage-gated potassium channel activity	1
binding	1
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization	1
membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
potassium channel complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

444 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
KCNE5	KCNE1	P15382	904
KCNE5	AMMECR1	Q9Y4X0	870
KCNE5	KCNE3	Q9Y6H6	828
KCNE5	KCNE4	Q8WWG9	794
KCNE5	NXT2	Q9NPJ8	793
KCNE5	KCNE2	Q9Y6J6	791
KCNE5	GUCY2F	P51841	784
KCNE5	ACSL4	O60488	782
KCNE5	KCNQ1	P51787	756
KCNE5	KCND3	Q9UK17	756
KCNE5	KCNJ8	Q15842	726
KCNE5	RANGRF	Q9HD47	720
KCNE5	SCN2B	O60939	720
KCNE5	SCN3B	Q9NY72	720
KCNE5	SCN1B	Q07699	715

IntAct

13 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
SGTA	KCNE5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SGTB	KCNE5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PGRMC1	KCNE5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GET3	KCNE5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KCNE5	SGTA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
KCNE5	SGTB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
GET3	KCNE5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
PGRMC1	KCNE5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (7): KCNB1 (FRET), KCNG4 (FRET), KCNE1L (Two-hybrid), KCNE1L (Two-hybrid), SGTB (Two-hybrid), ASNA1 (Two-hybrid), APP (Reconstituted Complex)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1B0GW64, A0A5F4BST2, A0PJX4, A8MVS5, A8MWV9, B0FP48, E5RIL1, E9PGG2, O14836, O60320, O95998, P09564, Q01113, Q01114, Q13477, Q2KI80, Q2T9R2, Q3TS39, Q3UPR0, Q3URD2, Q4V9L6, Q5FVJ4, Q5M869, Q6A044, Q6UWJ8, Q75VT8, Q864V4, Q8BRJ3, Q8BX43, Q8C503, Q8IVY1, Q8K5A9, Q8N112, Q8NC24, Q8NDY8, Q8QZT4, Q8R138, Q969Z4, Q9BUF7, Q9CQM1

Diamond homologs: Q9JJV7, Q9QZ26, Q9UJ90, Q9WTW2, Q9Y6H6, P15383, Q9TUH9, Q9XSP1

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

122 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	1
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	79
Likely benign	30
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
155374	GRCh38/hg38 Xp22.33-q28(chrX:251879-156004066)x1	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

212 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
X:109624604:AGCGC:A	donor_gain	0.9900
X:109624746:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9400
X:109624766:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9300
X:109624767:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9300
X:109624604:AGCG:A	donor_gain	0.8800
X:109624608:C:CA	donor_gain	0.8700
X:109623925:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.8300
X:109624729:AAG:A	donor_gain	0.8100
X:109624318:CTGT:C	acceptor_gain	0.8000
X:109624407:G:A	donor_gain	0.7700
X:109624436:T:TA	donor_gain	0.7600
X:109624703:T:TA	donor_gain	0.7400
X:109624704:C:A	donor_gain	0.7200
X:109624102:T:A	donor_gain	0.6900
X:109624322:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.6900
X:109624038:AGTGT:A	donor_gain	0.6500
X:109623924:A:AC	acceptor_gain	0.6100
X:109624319:TGT:T	acceptor_gain	0.6100
X:109624097:T:TA	donor_gain	0.5900
X:109624446:T:TA	donor_gain	0.5900
X:109624430:T:TA	donor_gain	0.5800
X:109624949:ACC:A	donor_gain	0.5800
X:109624950:CCC:C	donor_gain	0.5800
X:109624605:G:C	donor_gain	0.5700
X:109624320:GTCTG:G	acceptor_loss	0.5600
X:109624321:TCTGA:T	acceptor_loss	0.5600
X:109624323:T:A	acceptor_loss	0.5600
X:109624406:G:T	donor_gain	0.5600
X:109624053:C:CA	donor_gain	0.5500
X:109624320:GT:G	acceptor_gain	0.5500

AlphaMissense

903 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
X:109624807:A:G	C72R	0.992
X:109624797:C:T	G75E	0.988
X:109624821:A:T	M67K	0.984
X:109624798:C:G	G75R	0.982
X:109624798:C:T	G75R	0.982
X:109624821:A:C	M67R	0.981
X:109624809:G:T	A71D	0.980
X:109624795:C:G	G76R	0.978
X:109624794:C:T	G76D	0.976
X:109624800:G:T	A74D	0.976
X:109624791:A:G	L77P	0.974
X:109624820:C:A	M67I	0.973
X:109624820:C:G	M67I	0.973
X:109624820:C:T	M67I	0.973
X:109624791:A:T	L77H	0.971
X:109624833:A:G	I63T	0.965
X:109624788:A:T	I78N	0.955
X:109624782:G:T	A80D	0.954
X:109624833:A:T	I63N	0.952
X:109624827:A:T	L65H	0.950
X:109624788:A:G	I78T	0.946
X:109624824:A:T	I66N	0.943
X:109624974:A:G	L16P	0.943
X:109624803:A:G	L73S	0.941
X:109624833:A:C	I63S	0.933
X:109624830:A:G	L64P	0.932
X:109624813:A:G	Y70H	0.930
X:109624813:A:C	Y70D	0.928
X:109624827:A:C	L65R	0.924
X:109624827:A:G	L65P	0.923

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1001291286 (X:109623746 G>T), RS1001343516 (X:109624242 T>C,G), RS1002961872 (X:109625444 G>T), RS1003533900 (X:109625417 C>A), RS1003907166 (X:109626478 G>A), RS1004440073 (X:109625554 G>A), RS1004864872 (X:109626861 C>T), RS1005445723 (X:109623203 G>A), RS1005634548 (X:109623664 T>C), RS1008143134 (X:109625048 C>T), RS1008350888 (X:109626581 G>A), RS1010312239 (X:109625404 G>A), RS1010763338 (X:109627064 T>A), RS1010846288 (X:109625158 G>A), RS1014415398 (X:109623663 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:300328 | disease phenotypes: MIM:601144

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
Brugada syndrome	Limited	Unknown
atrial fibrillation	Limited	X-linked

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
Brugada syndrome	Disputed	AD

Mondo (2): Brugada syndrome (MONDO:0015263), atrial fibrillation (MONDO:0004981)

Orphanet (1): Brugada syndrome (Orphanet:130)

HPO phenotypes

34 total (30 of 34 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000083	Renal insufficiency
HP:0000093	Proteinuria
HP:0000233	Thin vermilion border
HP:0000272	Malar flattening
HP:0000365	Hearing impairment
HP:0000463	Anteverted nares
HP:0000486	Strabismus
HP:0000494	Downslanted palpebral fissures
HP:0000545	Myopia
HP:0000944	Abnormal metaphysis morphology
HP:0001182	Tapered finger
HP:0001252	Hypotonia
HP:0001279	Syncope
HP:0001595	Abnormal hair morphology
HP:0001643	Patent ductus arteriosus
HP:0001646	Abnormal aortic valve morphology
HP:0001649	Tachycardia
HP:0001663	Ventricular fibrillation
HP:0001695	Cardiac arrest
HP:0002907	Microscopic hematuria
HP:0004308	Ventricular arrhythmia
HP:0004445	Elliptocytosis
HP:0004751	Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia
HP:0004755	Supraventricular tachycardia
HP:0005280	Depressed nasal bridge
HP:0010864	Severe intellectual disability
HP:0011069	Supernumerary tooth
HP:0011704	Sick sinus syndrome
HP:0011705	First degree atrioventricular block
HP:0011712	Complete right bundle branch block

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (2)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D001281	Atrial Fibrillation	C14.280.067.198; C23.550.073.198
D053840	Brugada Syndrome	C14.280.067.322; C14.280.123.250; C16.320.100

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

18 total (human), top 18 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Valproic Acid	increases methylation, affects expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
CGP 52608	increases reaction, affects binding	1
bisphenol S	increases methylation	1
Air Pollutants	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Amiodarone	increases expression	1
Atrazine	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	1
Carbamazepine	affects expression	1
Copper	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	increases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	1
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	1
Particulate Matter	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Coal Ash	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00702117	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Ajmaline Utilization in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias
NCT00032591	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Home INR Study
NCT00127712	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation Following Noncardiac Thoracic Surgery
NCT00157781	PHASE4	COMPLETED	LEAF - Low Energy In Atrial Fibrillation
NCT00170313	PHASE4	TERMINATED	CORE: Study to Evaluate the Conducted AF-Response-Algorithm in Patients Suffering From Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation
NCT00189319	PHASE4	COMPLETED	To Evaluate the Impact of Oral Flecainide on Quality of Life in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
NCT00196144	PHASE4	COMPLETED	FFS - Far Field Sensing Test Study in Cardiac Dual Chamber Pacemakers
NCT00196157	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Line Versus Spot Ablation in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
NCT00196183	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Trigger- vs. Substrate-Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
NCT00196209	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Cardioversion vs. Catheter Ablation for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
NCT00227344	PHASE4	TERMINATED	CACAF2 Study: Catheter Ablation for Cure of Atrial Fibrillation
NCT00232219	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Use of Fish Oils to Reduce Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation Following DC Cardioversion
NCT00232232	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Use of Fish Oils to Prevent Atrial Mechanical Stunning and Atrial Remodeling Due to Atrial Arrhythmia
NCT00232245	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Use of Fish Oils to Reduce the Frequency and Duration of Episodes of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation.
NCT00239226	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Electrophysiologically Guided PAcing Site Selection Study
NCT00247780	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Cavotricuspid Isthmusblock and Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
NCT00256152	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Asymptomatic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Evaluation in Pacemaker Patients and the Atrial Fibrillation Reduction Atrial Pacing Trial
NCT00262119	PHASE4	COMPLETED	MINERVA: MINimizE Right Ventricular Pacing to Prevent Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure
NCT00287209	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Reduction of Atrial Fibrillation Study in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. (RASCABG 1 Study)
NCT00289042	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Assessment of Cardioversion Using Transesophageal Echocardiography II (ACUTE II)
NCT00313443	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Concentrations of Amiodarone in Fat Tissue During Chronic Treatment
NCT00340314	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Trial of Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Ablation (CPVA) Versus Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy in for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (AF)
NCT00343499	PHASE4	TERMINATED	The Use of DIOVAN to Reduce Post-Cardioversion Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation Trial (the DRAFT Trial)
NCT00408473	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Comparative Study of Flecainide CR and Placebo in the Early Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation.
NCT00420017	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation Following Esophagectomy
NCT00438113	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Atrial Substrate Modification With Aggressive Blood Pressure Lowering to Prevent AF
NCT00446966	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Fish Oil for Reduction of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery
NCT00449410	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Silent Cerebrovascular Lesion and Cognitive Decline Prevention by Cholesterol Lowering in Elderly AF Patients
NCT00466973	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Device Comparison Study
NCT00511173	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Warfarin Dosing Using Decision Model Versus Pharmacogenetic Algorithm
NCT00512915	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Avoid FFS - Use of the Atrial Pacemaker Lead 1699 With Very Short Tip Ring Spacing to Avoid Far Field Sensing
NCT00552084	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluating the Effectiveness of Fish Oil Supplements at Reducing the Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation
NCT00559988	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Combined Use of BIOTRONIK Home Monitoring and Predefined Anticoagulation to Reduce Stroke Risk
NCT00579098	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Use of Statins Following a Left Atrial Catheter Ablation Procedure to Prevent Atrial Fibrillation
NCT00586287	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Find Out the Appropriate Initial Dose of the Anticoagulant Drug Phenprocoumon
NCT00597077	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Atrial Fibrillation and Congestive Heart Failure Trial
NCT00603317	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pharmacodynamic Drug Interaction Between Warfarin and Amoxicillin-clavulanic Acid
NCT00605748	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Pulmonary Vein (PV) -Isolation: Arrhythmogenic Vein(s) Versus All Veins
NCT00643188	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Catheter Ablation vs. Standard Conventional Treatment in Patients With LV Dysfunction and AF
NCT00678340	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Randomized Trial of Two Ablation Catheters in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation