KCNU1

Summary

KCNU1 (potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily U member 1, HGNC:18867) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 8p11.23, encoding Potassium channel subfamily U member 1 (A8MYU2). Testis-specific potassium channel activated by both intracellular pH and membrane voltage that mediates export of K(+).

This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel family of proteins. The encoded voltage-gated ion channel allows the outward flow of potassium ions during plasma membrane hyperpolarization in sperm. Opening of this channel may be regulated by calcium ion levels. Homozygous knockout mice that lack the related mouse gene exhibit male sterility. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 157855 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): spermatogenic failure 79 (Limited, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 16
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 183 total — 3 pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 6
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001031836

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:18867
Approved symbol	KCNU1
Name	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily U member 1
Location	8p11.23
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	KCa5.1, Slo3, KCNMC1, Kcnma3
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000215262
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	615215
Entrez	157855

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 5 — 2 protein_coding, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000399881, ENST00000518904, ENST00000522372, ENST00000522417, ENST00000523973

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001031836 NM_001031836

CCDS: CCDS55220

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000399881 — 27 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001540578	36922490	36922629
ENSE00001540579	36918823	36918897
ENSE00001540585	36910930	36911119
ENSE00001540586	36909311	36909535
ENSE00001540587	36905708	36905804
ENSE00001540599	36845802	36845899
ENSE00001540602	36845580	36845669
ENSE00001540606	36840932	36841003
ENSE00001540608	36840463	36840575
ENSE00001540610	36836793	36836945
ENSE00001540613	36836296	36836365
ENSE00001540615	36834786	36834868
ENSE00001540618	36833554	36833659
ENSE00001540621	36817650	36817760
ENSE00001540625	36815596	36815687
ENSE00001540628	36814207	36814377
ENSE00001540630	36808718	36808793
ENSE00001540633	36807375	36807450
ENSE00001540646	36804027	36804088
ENSE00001613959	36787306	36787425
ENSE00001702842	36864404	36864521
ENSE00002089597	36935515	36936125
ENSE00002090678	36784374	36784605
ENSE00003464133	36932920	36933032
ENSE00003465101	36930951	36931145
ENSE00003479591	36805195	36805285
ENSE00003598657	36806269	36806380

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 60 present calls, max score 87.55.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0126 / max 10.0930, expressed in 3 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
88411	0.0065	3
88412	0.0061	3

Top tissues by expression

222 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
sperm	CL:0000019	87.55	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	81.54	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	67.52	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	67.13	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	67.00	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	64.11	silver quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	55.15	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	54.34	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	54.23	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	53.93	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	53.52	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	51.72	silver quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	51.48	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	50.25	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	49.62	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	49.31	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	48.43	silver quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	47.76	silver quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	47.03	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	46.95	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	45.88	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	45.40	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	44.89	silver quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	43.55	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	43.37	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	42.57	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	42.30	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	42.13	silver quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	41.46	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	41.33	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	5.70

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

21 targeting KCNU1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-497-5P	99.92	71.83	2674
HSA-MIR-15A-5P	99.90	72.80	2787
HSA-MIR-15B-5P	99.90	72.78	2798
HSA-MIR-16-5P	99.90	72.80	2780
HSA-MIR-195-5P	99.90	72.81	2805
HSA-MIR-424-5P	99.89	71.90	2641
HSA-MIR-6838-5P	99.89	71.94	2690
HSA-MIR-6844	99.82	70.69	2423
HSA-MIR-1825	99.72	68.11	1089
HSA-MIR-199A-5P	99.51	69.71	1107
HSA-MIR-199B-5P	99.51	69.74	1098
HSA-MIR-143-3P	99.49	69.05	1457
HSA-MIR-4770	99.49	69.09	1451
HSA-MIR-377-3P	99.37	70.18	1905
HSA-MIR-6088	99.29	68.45	1284
HSA-MIR-10522-5P	99.26	68.50	2087
HSA-MIR-2115-5P	98.66	68.07	1191
HSA-MIR-6784-3P	98.39	64.88	662
HSA-MIR-4768-3P	98.16	66.02	2330
HSA-MIR-6862-3P	97.92	64.86	531
HSA-MIR-3664-3P	97.85	67.62	1452

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 6)

• These results present insights into the function of a protein expected to be critical for human reproduction and provide a framework to study the mechanism of pH gating in SLO3 channels. (PMID:23129643)
• The authors conclude that Slo3 represents the principal K(+) channel in human sperm that carries the Ca(2+)-activated IKSper current. (PMID:24670955)
• results suggest that sperm-specific genes can evolve rapidly and that natural genetic variation may have led to a SLO3 variant that differs from wild type in both pH and intracellular Ca(2+) sensitivities. (PMID:28377504)
• Homozygous mutation in SLO3 leads to severe asthenoteratozoospermia due to acrosome hypoplasia and mitochondrial sheath malformations. (PMID:34980136)
• Bi-allelic variants in KCNU1 cause impaired acrosome reactions and male infertility. (PMID:35551387)
• Transmembrane determinants of voltage-gating differences between BK (Slo1) and Slo3 channels. (PMID:38637987)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Kcnu1	ENSMUSG00000031576
rattus_norvegicus	Kcnu1	ENSRNOG00000014741
drosophila_melanogaster	SLO2	FBGN0261698
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00004831

Paralogs (3): KCNT1 (ENSG00000107147), KCNMA1 (ENSG00000156113), KCNT2 (ENSG00000162687)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Potassium channel subfamily U member 1 — A8MYU2 (reviewed: A8MYU2)

Alternative names: Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-3, Calcium-activated potassium channel, subfamily M subunit alpha-3, KCa5, Slowpoke homolog 3

All UniProt accessions (4): A8MYU2, E5RGP7, E5RHP1, E5RJA6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Testis-specific potassium channel activated by both intracellular pH and membrane voltage that mediates export of K(+). Represents the primary spermatozoan K(+) current. The channel underlies a pH-triggered membrane hyperpolarization during the process of sperm capacitation, as sperm encounter the alkaline environment near the ovum in the female reproductive tract, thereby playing an essential for male fertility.

Subunit / interactions. Homotetramer; which constitutes the activated potassium channel. Interacts with LRRC52; this interaction changes channel gating properties, such as shifting gating to more negative potentials at a given pH.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane. Cell projection. Cilium. Flagellum membrane.

Tissue specificity. Testis-specific.

Disease relevance. Spermatogenic failure 79 (SPGF79) [MIM:620196] An autosomal recessive, male infertility disorder characterized by asthenoteratozoospermia with acrosome hypoplasia, disruption of the mitochondrial sheath, and reduced progressive sperm motility. The disorder is due to an abnormal acrosome reaction and impaired membrane potential after capacitation. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Activity regulation. Regulated by changes in cytosolic pH; activated by alkalization. Activated by intracellular Ca(2+). Despite strong sequence similarity, human KCNU1 channels are significantly more sensitive to activation by internal Ca(2+) and less pH-sensitive than mouse KCNU1. VU0546110 acts as a selective inhibitor. The auxiliary subunit LRRC52 shifts the activation of KCNU1 to more negative potentials at a given pH.

Domain organisation. The S4 segment, which is characterized by a series of positively charged amino acids at every third position, is part of the voltage-sensor. The pore-forming domain (also referred as P region) is imbedded into the membrane, and forms the selectivity filter of the pore. It contains the signature sequence of potassium channels that displays selectivity to potassium. The RCK N-terminal domain mediates the homotetramerization, thereby promoting the assembly of monomers into functional potassium channel. The C-terminal cytosolic region confers the pH-dependence.

Similarity. Belongs to the potassium channel family. Calcium-activated (TC 1.A.1.3) subfamily. KCa5.1/KCNU1 sub-subfamily.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001027006* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003148	RCK_N	Domain
IPR003929	K_chnl_BK_asu	Domain
IPR005821	Ion_trans_dom	Domain
IPR047871	K_chnl_Slo-like	Family
IPR048735	Slowpoke-like_C	Domain

Pfam: PF00520, PF03493, PF21014, PF22614

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• K(+)(in) = K(+)(out) (RHEA:29463)

UniProt features (87 total): helix 31, strand 22, topological domain 9, transmembrane region 7, sequence variant 5, turn 3, domain 2, region of interest 2, compositionally biased region 2, chain 1, intramembrane region 1, short sequence motif 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
4HPF	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.4

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-A8MYU2-F1	74.46	0.33

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1300642	Sperm Motility And Taxes
R-HSA-1187000	Fertilization
R-HSA-1474165	Reproduction

MSigDB gene sets: 74 (showing top): GOBP_POTASSIUM_ION_TRANSPORT, TSENG_IRS1_TARGETS_UP, DARWICHE_SKIN_TUMOR_PROMOTER_DN, DARWICHE_PAPILLOMA_RISK_LOW_DN, DARWICHE_PAPILLOMA_RISK_HIGH_DN, DARWICHE_SQUAMOUS_CELL_CARCINOMA_DN, GOBP_MONOATOMIC_CATION_TRANSPORT, MONNIER_POSTRADIATION_TUMOR_ESCAPE_UP, GOBP_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORT, GOCC_MOTILE_CILIUM, GOCC_TRANSPORTER_COMPLEX, GOCC_MEMBRANE_PROTEIN_COMPLEX, GOCC_CILIUM, GOMF_CALCIUM_ACTIVATED_POTASSIUM_CHANNEL_ACTIVITY, GOMF_METAL_ION_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORTER_ACTIVITY

GO Biological Process (6): reproductive process (GO:0022414), potassium ion transmembrane transport (GO:0071805), monoatomic ion transport (GO:0006811), potassium ion transport (GO:0006813), monoatomic ion transmembrane transport (GO:0034220), transmembrane transport (GO:0055085)

GO Molecular Function (2): potassium channel activity (GO:0005267), monoatomic ion channel activity (GO:0005216)

GO Cellular Component (7): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020), monoatomic ion channel complex (GO:0034702), sperm flagellum (GO:0036126), cilium (GO:0005929), motile cilium (GO:0031514), cell projection (GO:0042995)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Fertilization	1
Reproduction	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
transport	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
biological_process	1
potassium ion transport	1
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	1
metal ion transport	1
monoatomic ion transport	1
transmembrane transport	1
cellular process	1
monoatomic cation channel activity	1
potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity	1
monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity	1
channel activity	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
transmembrane transporter complex	1
9+2 motile cilium	1
intraciliary transport particle	1
membrane-bounded organelle	1
plasma membrane bounded cell projection	1
cilium	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

960 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
KCNU1	LRRC52	Q8N7C0	915
KCNU1	CATSPER1	Q8NEC5	717
KCNU1	SLC9C1	Q4G0N8	687
KCNU1	KCNMB4	Q86W47	636
KCNU1	LRRC26	Q2I0M4	630
KCNU1	HVCN1	Q96D96	622
KCNU1	KCNN1	Q92952	603
KCNU1	LRRC38	Q5VT99	584
KCNU1	KCNN4	O15554	560
KCNU1	LRRC55	Q6ZSA7	535
KCNU1	KCNMB1	P78475	526
KCNU1	KCNN2	Q9H2S1	507
KCNU1	CSN3	P07498	506
KCNU1	CATSPER4	Q7RTX7	487
KCNU1	EFCAB9	A8MZ26	460

IntAct

1 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
KCNU1	KCNU1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1D8PTL7, A2WNZ9, A2YGP9, A5LFX5, A8MYU2, D4A6Z8, F4HWB6, O14197, O16242, O54982, O60146, O95069, P28584, P38329, P40310, P47144, P47564, P47946, P75323, P87122, P92960, P97438, Q0D9S3, Q0JNB6, Q10065, Q10937, Q38849, Q38898, Q54DA4, Q653P0, Q6H501, Q6SZ87, Q759P7, Q7XPF7, Q7XPF8, Q7XUW4, Q84TI7, Q8L481, Q8L4K5, Q920B6

Diamond homologs: A5LFX5, A8MYU2, B7ZC96, D4A6Z8, O18866, O18867, O54982, Q03720, Q08460, Q12791, Q28204, Q28265, Q57603, Q62976, Q8AYS8, Q90ZC7, Q95V25, Q9BG98, A0A509AS68, D3Z649, O17185, O35174, O43526, O88943, P31069, P56696, Q57604, Q5JUK3, Q69TN4, Q6UVM3, Q6UVM4, Q6ZPR4, Q8I5E6, Q8IKI3, Q8LIN5, Q8QFV0, Q92953, Q979Z2, Q9ER26, Q9FWX6

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

183 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	3
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	154
Likely benign	14
Benign	6

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (3)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
2443714	NM_001031836.3(KCNU1):c.1237A>T (p.Ile413Phe)	Pathogenic
2443715	NM_001031836.3(KCNU1):c.2144A>G (p.His715Arg)	Pathogenic
2443716	NM_001031836.3(KCNU1):c.1295+3A>C	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

4947 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
8:36784589:G:T	donor_gain	1.0000
8:36784595:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
8:36787426:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
8:36805193:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:36805194:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:36805194:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:36805194:GCC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:36805194:GCCCT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:36806260:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:36806261:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:36806265:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:36806266:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:36806267:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:36806268:G:GT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:36806268:GT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:36806268:GTT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:36806268:GTTT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:36806268:GTTTA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:36806376:GCTAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
8:36806377:CTAGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
8:36806378:TAGG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
8:36806381:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
8:36806381:GTAA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
8:36806382:TAAG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
8:36808716:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:36808717:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:36814370:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
8:36814370:G:T	donor_gain	1.0000
8:36815590:TTTTA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
8:36815591:TTTAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

7540 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
8:36932993:G:C	R1002P	0.997
8:36814372:A:C	S300R	0.996
8:36814374:T:A	S300R	0.996
8:36814374:T:G	S300R	0.996
8:36807383:T:C	F197L	0.995
8:36807385:C:A	F197L	0.995
8:36807385:C:G	F197L	0.995
8:36808758:A:C	S233R	0.995
8:36808760:T:A	S233R	0.995
8:36808760:T:G	S233R	0.995
8:36808792:T:C	L244P	0.994
8:36814343:G:C	R290P	0.994
8:36817751:T:C	F366S	0.994
8:36804048:A:C	S113R	0.993
8:36804050:C:A	S113R	0.993
8:36804050:C:G	S113R	0.993
8:36806296:T:C	F166L	0.993
8:36806298:C:A	F166L	0.993
8:36806298:C:G	F166L	0.993
8:36817748:T:A	V365D	0.993
8:36840560:T:C	F539S	0.993
8:36805265:A:C	S150R	0.992
8:36805267:T:A	S150R	0.992
8:36805267:T:G	S150R	0.992
8:36814339:G:A	G289R	0.992
8:36814339:G:C	G289R	0.992
8:36840559:T:C	F539L	0.992
8:36840561:T:A	F539L	0.992
8:36840561:T:G	F539L	0.992
8:36817661:T:A	V336D	0.991

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000012784 (8:36913095 A>G), RS1000022124 (8:36898721 G>A), RS1000028298 (8:36847310 C>T), RS1000079206 (8:36852769 T>C,G), RS1000084816 (8:36787813 CTAATTATA>C), RS1000105690 (8:36888391 C>T), RS1000112739 (8:36897696 C>T), RS1000118004 (8:36894678 C>A,T), RS1000143268 (8:36807018 G>A), RS1000144212 (8:36796347 G>A,T), RS1000148162 (8:36812183 C>T), RS1000170693 (8:36894458 C>A,G,T), RS1000175652 (8:36796086 G>A), RS1000215773 (8:36904460 C>T), RS1000228625 (8:36904389 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:615215 | disease phenotypes: MIM:620196

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
spermatogenic failure 79	Limited	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (1): spermatogenic failure 79 (MONDO:0859352)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

6 total (6 of 6 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000798	Oligozoospermia
HP:0003251	Male infertility
HP:0011462	Young adult onset
HP:0012207	Reduced sperm motility
HP:0032560	Coiled sperm flagella

GWAS associations

16 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001208_12	Insulin resistance/response	2.000000e-06
GCST001585_3	Breast size	2.000000e-14
GCST002932_3	Manganese levels	5.000000e-06
GCST002932_37	Manganese levels	4.000000e-06
GCST003124_28	Mild influenza (H1N1) infection	1.000000e-09
GCST003985_8	Breast size	7.000000e-31
GCST004894_142	Type 2 diabetes	3.000000e-09
GCST006445_3	Femoral neck bone mineral density	8.000000e-07
GCST006655_10	Breast size	6.000000e-09
GCST006655_9	Breast size	1.000000e-08
GCST006666_3	Lipid traits (pleiotropy) (HIPO component 1)	4.000000e-09
GCST006867_69	Type 2 diabetes	4.000000e-11
GCST007159_27	Corneal astigmatism	5.000000e-06
GCST010118_160	Type 2 diabetes	2.000000e-10
GCST011342_10	Body fat percentage and triglycerides (pairwise)	3.000000e-08
GCST90000047_152	Age at first sexual intercourse	2.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (9, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:1001488	influenza A (H1N1)
EFO:0007785	femoral neck bone mineral density
EFO:0004530	triglyceride measurement
EFO:0004574	total cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004611	low density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004612	high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:1002040	Corneal astigmatism
EFO:0007800	body fat percentage
EFO:0009749	age at first sexual intercourse measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL4524132 (PROTEIN FAMILY)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: vgic — Calcium- and sodium-activated potassium channels (K_Ca, K_Na)

Most potent curated ligand interactions (1 total), top 1:

Ligand	Action	Affinity	Parameter
VU0546110	Channel blocker	5.89	pIC50

CTD chemical–gene interactions

10 total (human), top 10 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine	affects response to substance	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	affects cotreatment, affects response to substance, increases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Arsenic Trioxide	increases expression	1
Rosmarinic Acid	decreases activity	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases methylation	1
Copper	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Lipopolysaccharides	affects response to substance, increases expression, affects cotreatment	1

ChEMBL screening assays

7 unique, capped per target: 7 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL4880152	Binding	SK+ channel CEREP ligand profiling	Data for DCP probe A-079

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.