KICS2

Summary

KICS2 (KICSTOR subunit 2, HGNC:26517) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12q14.2, encoding KICSTOR subunit 2 (Q96MD2). As part of the KICSTOR complex functions in the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway.

Involved in several processes, including cellular response to amino acid starvation; cellular response to glucose starvation; and negative regulation of TORC1 signaling. Located in intercellular bridge and lysosome. Part of KICSTOR complex.

Source: NCBI Gene 144577 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): neurodevelopmental disorder (Moderate, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 16 total — 5 pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 61
• MANE Select transcript: NM_152440

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:26517
Approved symbol	KICS2
Name	KICSTOR subunit 2
Location	12q14.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ32549
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000174206
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	617420
Entrez	144577

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 6 — 4 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000311915, ENST00000398055, ENST00000540673, ENST00000544871, ENST00000615991, ENST00000907624

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_152440 NM_001300940, NM_001300941, NM_152440

CCDS: CCDS41803, CCDS73490, CCDS76574

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000398055 — 3 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001193890	64215678	64215963
ENSE00001531346	64191080	64194658
ENSE00001560746	64222003	64222296

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 229 present calls, max score 84.00.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 6.1576 / max 56.8881, expressed in 1658 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
131849	5.9754	1645
131850	0.1822	80

Top tissues by expression

249 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	84.00	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	83.95	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	81.53	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	81.34	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	81.33	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	81.05	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	80.95	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	80.41	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	77.50	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	77.20	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	77.07	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	76.75	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	76.70	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	76.59	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	76.48	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	76.35	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	76.22	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	76.11	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	76.07	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	76.05	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	76.01	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	75.94	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	75.71	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	75.63	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	75.52	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	75.43	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	75.35	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	75.33	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	75.22	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	75.13	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-6142	no	37.69
E-ANND-3	no	3.41

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

72 targeting KICS2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-340-5P	100.00	72.50	4437
HSA-MIR-181A-5P	99.99	72.96	2995
HSA-MIR-181B-5P	99.99	72.97	2996
HSA-MIR-181C-5P	99.99	72.95	2996
HSA-MIR-181D-5P	99.99	73.04	2997
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784
HSA-MIR-19A-3P	99.98	75.33	2762
HSA-MIR-19B-3P	99.98	75.44	2754
HSA-MIR-4803	99.98	71.99	3117
HSA-MIR-302E	99.96	70.74	2669
HSA-MIR-493-5P	99.96	72.47	2382
HSA-MIR-22-3P	99.93	68.13	917
HSA-MIR-95-5P	99.89	72.17	3973
HSA-MIR-579-3P	99.86	71.66	3628
HSA-MIR-664B-3P	99.84	71.65	3590
HSA-MIR-4739	99.84	65.25	1832
HSA-MIR-1321	99.84	65.30	1811
HSA-MIR-4756-5P	99.84	64.98	1809
HSA-MIR-548AZ-5P	99.83	69.94	3230
HSA-MIR-548T-5P	99.83	69.91	3220
HSA-MIR-4639-5P	99.81	67.37	1028
HSA-MIR-4668-5P	99.79	70.58	3782
HSA-MIR-4766-5P	99.75	69.23	2662
HSA-MIR-4524A-3P	99.72	66.85	2406
HSA-MIR-3714	99.71	70.74	2671
HSA-MIR-1283	99.69	72.42	3009
HSA-MIR-6887-3P	99.66	67.83	1778
HSA-MIR-3177-5P	99.65	70.38	1174
HSA-MIR-4261	99.59	70.30	3415

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

• identification of a protein complex (KICSTOR) that is composed of four proteins, KPTN, ITFG2, C12orf66 and SZT2, and that is required for amino acid or glucose deprivation to inhibit mTORC1 in cultured human cells (PMID:28199306)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	kics2	ENSDARG00000045790
mus_musculus	Kics2	ENSMUSG00000053684
rattus_norvegicus	Kics2	ENSRNOG00000028782

Protein

Protein identifiers

KICSTOR subunit 2 — Q96MD2 (reviewed: Q96MD2)

Alternative names: KICSTOR complex protein C12orf66

All UniProt accessions (3): Q96MD2, F5H2Q3, J3KNH0

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. As part of the KICSTOR complex functions in the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway. Recruits, in an amino acid-independent manner, the GATOR1 complex to the lysosomal membranes and allows its interaction with GATOR2 and the RAG GTPases. Functions upstream of the RAG GTPases and is required to negatively regulate mTORC1 signaling in absence of amino acids. In absence of the KICSTOR complex mTORC1 is constitutively localized to the lysosome and activated. The KICSTOR complex is also probably involved in the regulation of mTORC1 by glucose.

Subunit / interactions. Part of the KICSTOR complex composed of KPTN, ITFG2, KICS2 and SZT2. SZT2 probably serves as a link between the other three proteins in the KICSTOR complex and may mediate the direct interaction with the GATOR complex via GATOR1. The KICSTOR complex interacts directly with the GATOR1 complex and most probably indirectly with the GATOR2 complex in an amino acid-independent manner.

Subcellular location. Lysosome membrane.

Disease relevance. Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 83 (MRT83) [MIM:621100] An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by developmental delay, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and poor or absent speech. Additional variable features include seizures, hearing impairment, hypotonia, and non-specific facial dysmorphism. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the KICS2 family.

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001287869, NP_001287870, NP_689653* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR018544	KICS_2	Family
IPR038060	C12orf66-like_central_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF09404

UniProt features (6 total): sequence variant 5, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

5 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
9VAN	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.9
9V86	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.04
9V9N	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.08
9V6E	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.19
9O5A	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.2

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q96MD2-F1	89.31	0.76

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-9639288	Amino acids regulate mTORC1
R-HSA-2262752	Cellular responses to stress
R-HSA-8953897	Cellular responses to stimuli
R-HSA-9711097	Cellular response to starvation

MSigDB gene sets: 267 (showing top): GOCC_VACUOLAR_MEMBRANE, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GOBP_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_LYSOSOME, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_INTRACELLULAR_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, CREB_Q4, GOBP_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_VACUOLE, MYCMAX_01, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_TOR_SIGNALING, NIKOLSKY_BREAST_CANCER_12Q13_Q21_AMPLICON, HIF1_Q3, DODD_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_UP, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_STARVATION, GOBP_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_ORGANELLE, GOBP_TOR_SIGNALING

GO Biological Process (4): cellular response to amino acid starvation (GO:0034198), cellular response to glucose starvation (GO:0042149), protein localization to lysosome (GO:0061462), negative regulation of TORC1 signaling (GO:1904262)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (5): lysosome (GO:0005764), lysosomal membrane (GO:0005765), intercellular bridge (GO:0045171), KICSTOR complex (GO:0140007), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Cellular response to starvation	1
Cellular responses to stimuli	1
Cellular responses to stress	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular response to starvation	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
response to amino acid starvation	1
protein localization to vacuole	1
negative regulation of TOR signaling	1
TORC1 signaling	1
regulation of TORC1 signaling	1
binding	1
lytic vacuole	1
lysosome	1
lytic vacuole membrane	1
protein-containing complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

552 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
KICS2	ITFG2	Q969R8	997
KICS2	SZT2	Q5T011	996
KICS2	KPTN	Q9Y664	996
KICS2	SAMTOR	Q1RMZ1	891
KICS2	DEPDC5	O75140	780
KICS2	NPRL3	Q12980	722
KICS2	NPRL2	Q8WTW4	692
KICS2	WDR59	Q6PJI9	681
KICS2	WDR24	Q96S15	673
KICS2	MIOS	Q9NXC5	649
KICS2	SEH1L	Q96EE3	639
KICS2	SLC38A9	Q8NBW4	571
KICS2	CASTOR1	Q8WTX7	571
KICS2	TBC1D7	Q9P0N9	546
KICS2	SEC13	P55735	526

IntAct

13 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
ITFG2	SH3PXD2B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
KPTN	EIF4G3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SAMTOR	PER1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ITFG2	DEPDC5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
KICS2	PPIB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
OTUD3	KICS2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
SAMTOR	MIF4GD	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DEPDC5	SZT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DEPDC5	GLA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KPTN	ALDH1A2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (23): C12orf66 (Affinity Capture-MS), C12orf66 (Synthetic Growth Defect), C12orf66 (Affinity Capture-MS), C12orf66 (Affinity Capture-MS), C12orf66 (Affinity Capture-MS), C12orf66 (Affinity Capture-MS), C12orf66 (Affinity Capture-MS), C12orf66 (Affinity Capture-MS), C12orf66 (Affinity Capture-Western), C12orf66 (Affinity Capture-Western), C12orf66 (Affinity Capture-Western), C12orf66 (Affinity Capture-Western), C12orf66 (Affinity Capture-Western), C12orf66 (Affinity Capture-Western), C12orf66 (Affinity Capture-Western)

ESM2 similar proteins: A4IFQ0, A6QL63, A6QR06, A7MAZ4, O75486, P54198, Q08BT5, Q0VA03, Q13769, Q14161, Q15022, Q1LVW0, Q28J24, Q3B7L5, Q5BJQ7, Q5RDB9, Q5ZJA9, Q5ZMS1, Q61666, Q62784, Q66H91, Q68FF6, Q68FX7, Q6DEW4, Q6GMF2, Q6GQW0, Q6ZPY2, Q76JQ2, Q7Z7C8, Q7ZYA2, Q80U70, Q8BIK4, Q8BKT7, Q8C0Q9, Q8NFG4, Q8QZS3, Q96BN2, Q96MD2, Q96PE3, Q99LM9

Diamond homologs: Q1L8F9, Q6IR80, Q6P1I3, Q96MD2

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
C12orf66	“form complex”	“KICSTOR complex”	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 13 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Amino acids regulate mTORC1	5	91.1×	3e-08

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
negative regulation of TORC1 signaling	5	124.6×	2e-08
cellular response to amino acid starvation	5	122.3×	2e-08

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

16 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	5
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	3
Likely benign	0
Benign	3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (5)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
3747841	NM_152440.5(KICS2):c.7G>T (p.Glu3Ter)	Pathogenic
3747842	NM_152440.5(KICS2):c.236-2del	Pathogenic
3747843	NM_152440.5(KICS2):c.780del (p.Lys260fs)	Pathogenic
3747844	NM_152440.5(KICS2):c.888C>A (p.Asp296Glu)	Pathogenic
3747845	NM_152440.5(KICS2):c.1178A>G (p.Tyr393Cys)	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

582 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
12:64215673:CTGA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
12:64215674:TGA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
12:64215675:GAC:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:64215676:A:AT	donor_loss	1.0000
12:64215677:C:CT	donor_loss	1.0000
12:64221966:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
12:64222006:G:C	donor_gain	1.0000
12:64194656:AATC:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
12:64194658:TCTA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
12:64194659:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
12:64194660:T:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
12:64215676:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
12:64215677:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
12:64215963:CCTGG:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
12:64221957:C:CA	donor_gain	0.9900
12:64221999:GTAC:G	donor_loss	0.9900
12:64222000:TA:T	donor_loss	0.9900
12:64222001:ACCT:A	donor_loss	0.9900
12:64222002:C:G	donor_loss	0.9900
12:64222005:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
12:64222139:AG:A	donor_gain	0.9900
12:64215961:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
12:64215962:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
12:64215964:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9800
12:64215967:G:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
12:64194656:AAT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9700
12:64194657:AT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9700
12:64215960:CCCC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9700
12:64215961:CCCC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9700
12:64215962:CC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9700

AlphaMissense

2952 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
12:64193996:A:G	L395P	0.999
12:64194003:A:C	Y393D	0.999
12:64194361:A:C	F273L	0.999
12:64194361:A:T	F273L	0.999
12:64194363:A:G	F273L	0.999
12:64194411:A:G	W257R	0.999
12:64194411:A:T	W257R	0.999
12:64194542:A:G	L213P	0.999
12:64215942:C:A	R86M	0.999
12:64194089:A:T	V364D	0.998
12:64194134:A:T	V349E	0.998
12:64194192:A:C	Y330D	0.998
12:64194192:A:G	Y330H	0.998
12:64194240:A:G	S314P	0.998
12:64194370:G:C	S270R	0.998
12:64194370:G:T	S270R	0.998
12:64194372:T:G	S270R	0.998
12:64194512:A:G	L223P	0.998
12:64194561:A:G	W207R	0.998
12:64194561:A:T	W207R	0.998
12:64194590:A:G	L197P	0.998
12:64215792:C:G	R136P	0.998
12:64215813:A:G	L129P	0.998
12:64215897:A:G	L101P	0.998
12:64215941:C:A	R86S	0.998
12:64215941:C:G	R86S	0.998
12:64215942:C:G	R86T	0.998
12:64222036:A:C	Y68D	0.998
12:64222056:A:G	L61P	0.998
12:64222136:C:A	K34N	0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000437554 (12:64220530 A>G), RS1000553218 (12:64187476 GA>G), RS1000623238 (12:64186139 C>A), RS1000775126 (12:64221536 A>G), RS1000850613 (12:64208041 A>T), RS1000908515 (12:64222520 C>G,T), RS1000936281 (12:64215243 T>C), RS1000976294 (12:64215551 G>A), RS1001047352 (12:64201713 T>G), RS1001078662 (12:64209197 T>C), RS1001207378 (12:64221847 A>C,G), RS1001281034 (12:64208373 C>A), RS1001434454 (12:64219262 G>A), RS1001574973 (12:64219578 T>C), RS1001643765 (12:64220698 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:617420 | disease phenotypes: MIM:621100

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
neurodevelopmental disorder	Moderate	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (2): intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 83 (MONDO:0976231), neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

61 total (30 of 61 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000218	High palate
HP:0000256	Macrocephaly
HP:0000316	Hypertelorism
HP:0000322	Short philtrum
HP:0000365	Hearing impairment
HP:0000405	Conductive hearing impairment
HP:0000431	Wide nasal bridge
HP:0000445	Wide nose
HP:0000463	Anteverted nares
HP:0000540	Hypermetropia
HP:0000664	Synophrys
HP:0000717	Autism
HP:0000718	Aggressive behavior
HP:0000733	Motor stereotypy
HP:0000749	Paroxysmal bursts of laughter
HP:0000750	Delayed speech and language development
HP:0001159	Syndactyly
HP:0001249	Intellectual disability
HP:0001250	Seizure
HP:0001252	Hypotonia
HP:0001256	Mild intellectual disability
HP:0001276	Hypertonia
HP:0001332	Dystonia
HP:0001336	Myoclonus
HP:0001344	Absent speech
HP:0001518	Small for gestational age
HP:0001650	Aortic valve stenosis
HP:0002002	Deep philtrum
HP:0002013	Vomiting

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST002343_8	Response to cytidine analogues (gemcitabine)	8.000000e-06
GCST006979_1064	Heel bone mineral density	9.000000e-11

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0009270	heel bone mineral density

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D065886	Neurodevelopmental Disorders	F03.625

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

32 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	increases expression	4
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	3
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	increases expression	1
trichostatin A	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
manganese chloride	decreases expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment	1
potassium chromate(VI)	increases expression	1
hydroquinone	decreases expression	1
pentanal	decreases expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Sunitinib	increases expression	1
Leflunomide	increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	increases expression, increases abundance	1
Arsenic	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Estradiol	increases expression	1
Ethyl Methanesulfonate	decreases expression	1
Formaldehyde	decreases expression	1
Manganese	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Methyl Methanesulfonate	decreases expression	1
Thiram	decreases expression	1
Tretinoin	decreases expression	1
Urethane	decreases expression	1
Cyclosporine	increases expression	1
Antirheumatic Agents	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

202 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT04586348	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Prenatal Iodine Supplementation and Early Childhood Neurodevelopment
NCT04873115	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Sialanar Plus orAl rehabiLitation Against Placebo Plus Oral Rehabilitation for chIldren and Adolescents With seVere Sialorrhoea and Neurodisabilties,
NCT02559102	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Dexmedetomidine Sedation Versus General Anaesthesia for Inguinal Hernia Surgery in Infants
NCT02757079	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study of the Efficacy and Safety of NPC-15 for Sleep Disorders of Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders
NCT06915480	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Reducing Missed Appointments
NCT07377032	PHASE3	RECRUITING	TAP-GRIN: Interventional Study on Patients With GRIN-related Neurodevelopmental Disorders
NCT02909959	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Sulforaphane for the Treatment of Young Men With Autism Spectrum Disorder
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