KIR3DL3

Summary

KIR3DL3 (killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, three Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 3, HGNC:16312) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19q13.42, encoding Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL3 (Q8N743). Receptor on natural killer cells.

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several “framework” genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. This gene is one of the “framework” loci that is present on all haplotypes.

Source: NCBI Gene 115653 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 63 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_153443

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:16312
Approved symbol	KIR3DL3
Name	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, three Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 3
Location	19q13.42
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	KIRC1, KIR3DL7, KIR44, CD158Z
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000242019
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	610095
Entrez	115653

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000291860

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_153443 NM_153443

CCDS: CCDS12903

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000291860 — 8 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001177563	54724442	54724530
ENSE00001180595	54735971	54736632
ENSE00002433667	54735820	54735872
ENSE00002448164	54735253	54735357
ENSE00002459303	54727611	54727910
ENSE00002465183	54729493	54729786
ENSE00002515209	54725247	54725282
ENSE00002534362	54726053	54726337

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth tissue_specific, 3 present calls, max score 78.91.

Top tissues by expression

124 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	78.91	silver quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	40.04	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	38.11	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	37.64	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	37.20	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	36.48	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	36.47	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	36.36	silver quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	35.49	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	33.82	silver quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	33.73	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	33.38	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	32.66	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	31.06	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	30.42	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	29.87	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	29.25	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	29.17	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	29.04	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	27.62	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	27.57	gold quality
uterine cervix	UBERON:0000002	27.36	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	27.36	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	26.82	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	26.66	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	26.55	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	26.42	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	25.98	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	25.89	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	25.81	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-CURD-84	yes	34.11
E-ANND-3	no	0.16

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

24 targeting KIR3DL3, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4531	99.99	69.70	3181
HSA-MIR-4302	99.89	67.94	1187
HSA-MIR-6505-5P	99.73	69.25	1595
HSA-MIR-4524A-3P	99.72	66.85	2406
HSA-MIR-7157-5P	99.66	69.33	1829
HSA-MIR-6513-3P	99.59	69.77	1102
HSA-MIR-4310	99.59	68.84	2527
HSA-MIR-549A-3P	99.54	68.17	825
HSA-MIR-766-3P	99.47	65.24	1811
HSA-MIR-5697	99.39	67.74	1249
HSA-MIR-133A-5P	99.28	69.13	941
HSA-MIR-10B-3P	99.04	66.98	988
HSA-MIR-4326	98.97	67.63	962
HSA-MIR-3922-5P	98.77	66.53	1059
HSA-MIR-12114	98.70	63.45	730
HSA-MIR-3144-5P	97.64	65.45	646
HSA-MIR-4676-5P	97.54	65.29	715
HSA-MIR-575	97.54	65.18	718
HSA-MIR-6781-3P	97.44	66.85	970
HSA-MIR-2682-3P	97.10	66.16	840
HSA-MIR-4296	96.35	63.55	1233
HSA-MIR-4265	96.18	64.68	557
HSA-MIR-4322	96.18	64.85	539
HSA-MIR-191-3P	83.90	61.25	44

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 11)

• an inhibitory element was identified in the KIR2DL4 promoter and an activating element was found in the KIR3DL3 promoter; AML-2 acts as a repressor of expression of both KIR2DL4 and KIR3DL3 in mature NK cells (PMID:15778373)
• KIR3DL3 gene is not a pseudogene but encodes a protein that is not expressed in healthy individuals. (PMID:16391939)
• Allelic sequence polymorphism at the KIR3DL3 is associated with pre-Eclampsia (PMID:16823588)
• Seventeen novel alleles have been added to the already extensive KIR3DL3 diversity. (PMID:17900289)
• The frequencies of alleles of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes, KIR3DL3 and KIR3DL2, and the carrier frequency of KIR2DL4 alleles have been determined from a population of African Americans by DNA sequencing of the coding regions. (PMID:21607693)
• Array CGH showed a 95 Kb de novo duplication on chromosome 19q13.4 encompassing four killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes. (PMID:23952617)
• Higher proportion of NK cells expressing inhibitory CD158b and CD158e receptors is associated with significant liver injury in children with chronic hepatitis C. (PMID:28611271)
• KIR3DL3 Is an Inhibitory Receptor for HHLA2 that Mediates an Alternative Immunoinhibitory Pathway to PD1. (PMID:33229411)
• KIR3DL3-HHLA2 is a human immunosuppressive pathway and a therapeutic target. (PMID:34244312)
• KIR3DL3-HHLA2 and TMIGD2-HHLA2 pathways: The dual role of HHLA2 in immune responses and its potential therapeutic approach for cancer immunotherapy. (PMID:35933091)
• Polymorphic KIR3DL3 expression modulates tissue-resident and innate-like T cells. (PMID:37390222)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Kir3dl1	ENSMUSG00000031424
mus_musculus	Kir3dl2	ENSMUSG00000057439
rattus_norvegicus	Kir3dl1	ENSRNOG00000027843

Paralogs (25): GP6 (ENSG00000088053), LILRB1 (ENSG00000104972), LILRA1 (ENSG00000104974), LILRB5 (ENSG00000105609), A1BG (ENSG00000121410), KIR2DL1 (ENSG00000125498), LILRB2 (ENSG00000131042), IGSF1 (ENSG00000147255), LAIR2 (ENSG00000167618), KIR3DL1 (ENSG00000167633), OSCAR (ENSG00000170909), FCAR (ENSG00000186431), LILRB4 (ENSG00000186818), LILRA5 (ENSG00000187116), KIR2DL4 (ENSG00000189013), VSTM1 (ENSG00000189068), NCR1 (ENSG00000189430), LILRB3 (ENSG00000204577), KIR2DS4 (ENSG00000221957), LILRA4 (ENSG00000239961), LILRA2 (ENSG00000239998), KIR3DL2 (ENSG00000240403), KIR2DL3 (ENSG00000243772), LILRA6 (ENSG00000244482), TARM1 (ENSG00000248385)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL3 — Q8N743 (reviewed: Q8N743)

Alternative names: CD158 antigen-like family member Z, Killer cell inhibitory receptor 1

All UniProt accessions (1): A0A8I5QEB2

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Receptor on natural killer cells. May inhibit the activity of NK cells thus preventing cell lysis.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

Polymorphism. Various different KIR3DL3 alleles are known: KIR3DL300101, KIR3DL300102, KIR3DL300103, KIR3DL300201, KIR3DL300202, KIR3DL300203, KIR3DL300204, KIR3DL300205, KIR3DL300206, KIR3DL300207, KIR3DL30030101 KIR3DL30030102, KIR3DL300401, KIR3DL300402, KIR3DL3005, KIR3DL300601, KIR3DL300602, KIR3DL3007, KIR3DL300801, KIR3DL300802, KIR3DL300901, KIR3DL300902, KIR3DL3010, KIR3DL301101, KIR3DL301102, KIR3DL3012, KIR3DL301301, KIR3DL301302, KIR3DL301303, KIR3DL301304, KIR3DL301305, KIR3DL301306, KIR3DL301307, KIR3DL301401, KIR3DL301402, KIR3DL301403, KIR3DL301404, KIR3DL301405, KIR3DL3015 KIR3DL3016, KIR3DL3017, KIR3DL3018, KIR3DL3019, KIR3DL3020, KIR3DL3021, KIR3DL3022, KIR3DL3023, KIR3DL3024, KIR3DL3025, KIR3DL3026, KIR3DL3027, KIR3DL3028, KIR3DL3029, KIR3DL3030 and KIR3DL3031. The sequence shown corresponds to the alleles KIR3DL3002.

Similarity. Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_703144* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003598	Ig_sub2	Domain
IPR003599	Ig_sub	Domain
IPR013151	Immunoglobulin_dom	Domain
IPR013783	Ig-like_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036179	Ig-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050412	Ig-like_Receptors_ImmuneReg	Family

Pfam: PF00047

UniProt features (28 total): sequence variant 14, glycosylation site 3, disulfide bond 3, domain 3, topological domain 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, transmembrane region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8N743-F1	80.20	0.55

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (3): 49–95, 144–195, 244–293

Glycosylation sites (3): 273, 179, 239

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 30 (showing top): GOBP_REGULATION_OF_IMMUNE_RESPONSE, GNF2_IL2RB, KEGG_ANTIGEN_PROCESSING_AND_PRESENTATION, SHEN_SMARCA2_TARGETS_DN, GOMF_TRANSMEMBRANE_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, HAHTOLA_SEZARY_SYNDROM_DN, LI_INDUCED_T_TO_NATURAL_KILLER_UP, GOBP_IMMUNE_RESPONSE_REGULATING_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_IMMUNE_RESPONSE_INHIBITING_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, JNK_DN.V1_DN, GOMF_IMMUNE_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, NFKBIA_TARGET_GENES, MIR5697, MIR6781_3P, MIR2682_3P

GO Biological Process (2): immune response-regulating signaling pathway (GO:0002764), cell communication (GO:0007154)

GO Molecular Function (0):

GO Cellular Component (2): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
signal transduction	1
regulation of immune response	1
cellular process	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

320 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
KIR3DL3	STAC	Q99469	859
KIR3DL3	HHLA2	Q9UM44	837
KIR3DL3	SORBS1	Q9BX66	822
KIR3DL3	SPART	Q8N0X7	806
KIR3DL3	HLA-B	P01889	801
KIR3DL3	TRIM45	Q9H8W5	767
KIR3DL3	HLA-A	P01891	739
KIR3DL3	HLA-C	P04222	733
KIR3DL3	RUNX3	Q13761	715
KIR3DL3	FCHSD2	O94868	713
KIR3DL3	NCAM1	P13591	684
KIR3DL3	KLRD1	Q13241	625
KIR3DL3	KIR2DL1	P43626	583
KIR3DL3	KIR2DL4	P78400	581
KIR3DL3	ETV7	Q9Y603	518

IntAct

310 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
EDDM3B	KIR3DL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GIMAP5	KIR3DL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SLC35A1	KIR3DL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
EMP3	KIR3DL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
LAPTM5	KIR3DL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ASIC1	KIR3DL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TNMD	KIR3DL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
C5	KIR3DL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
UPK2	KIR3DL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ADAM33	KIR3DL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CMTM5	KIR3DL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
AGTRAP	KIR3DL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
OLFM4	KIR3DL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
JAGN1	KIR3DL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CTXN3	KIR3DL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KIR3DL3	CMTM5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CD53	KIR3DL3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KIR3DL3	GIMAP5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560

BioGRID (29): KIR3DL3 (Two-hybrid), KIR3DL3 (Two-hybrid), KIR3DL3 (Two-hybrid), KIR3DL3 (Two-hybrid), KIR3DL3 (Two-hybrid), KIR3DL3 (Two-hybrid), KIR3DL3 (Two-hybrid), KIR3DL3 (Two-hybrid), KIR3DL3 (Two-hybrid), KIR3DL3 (Two-hybrid), KIR3DL3 (Two-hybrid), KIR3DL3 (Two-hybrid), KIR3DL3 (Two-hybrid), KIR3DL3 (Two-hybrid), KIR3DL3 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0G2KBC9, A1YIY0, B6A8R8, C0HJX2, C0HJX3, D3ZQX2, P08101, P0C1X9, P0DTI4, P12314, P12318, P26151, P43626, P43627, P43628, P43629, P43630, P43631, P43632, P83555, P83556, P97484, Q01965, Q13291, Q14943, Q14952, Q14953, Q14954, Q28942, Q3B8P2, Q60513, Q61450, Q63203, Q64281, Q68SN8, Q6UX27, Q7TQA1, Q7Z6M3, Q8BG84, Q8BHK6

Diamond homologs: A0A0G2KBC9, A6NI73, C0HJX2, C0HJX3, D3ZQX2, O75019, O75022, O75023, O76036, P0C191, P24071, P43626, P43629, P43630, P59901, P83556, P97484, Q14943, Q14954, Q61450, Q64281, Q6GTX8, Q6ISS4, Q6PI73, Q7TQA1, Q863H2, Q8C567, Q8IYS5, Q8MJZ2, Q8MJZ7, Q8N109, Q8N149, Q8N423, Q8N6C8, Q8N743, Q8NHJ6, Q8NHK3, Q8NHL6, Q95JB9, Q9HCN6

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 105 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Ras activation upon Ca2+ influx through NMDA receptor	5	46.8×	3e-06
Unblocking of NMDA receptors, glutamate binding and activation	5	44.6×	3e-06
Negative regulation of NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal transmission	5	44.6×	3e-06
Long-term potentiation	5	39.0×	6e-06
Assembly and cell surface presentation of NMDA receptors	8	33.3×	9e-09
Neurexins and neuroligins	9	29.1×	4e-09
Protein-protein interactions at synapses	5	21.8×	1e-04

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity	10	59.9×	3e-13
receptor clustering	8	51.5×	5e-10
protein localization to synapse	6	47.4×	4e-07
regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels	6	30.7×	4e-06
cell-cell adhesion	10	10.5×	4e-06
protein-containing complex assembly	8	9.4×	1e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

63 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	55
Likely benign	6
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

910 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
19:54724529:TGG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
19:54724531:G:T	donor_loss	1.0000
19:54726254:GGACC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
19:54726255:G:T	donor_gain	1.0000
19:54735248:TCCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:54735249:CCA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:54735250:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:54735251:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:54735251:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:54735252:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:54735252:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:54735252:GGT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:54735252:GGTA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:54735252:GGTAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:54735353:AAAGA:A	donor_gain	1.0000
19:54735354:AAGA:A	donor_gain	1.0000
19:54735355:AGA:A	donor_gain	1.0000
19:54735356:GA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
19:54735356:GAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
19:54735358:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
19:54724527:GTTG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
19:54724531:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9900
19:54726213:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9900
19:54735355:AGAG:A	donor_loss	0.9900
19:54735357:AGTAA:A	donor_loss	0.9900
19:54735358:G:A	donor_loss	0.9900
19:54735359:TAAGT:T	donor_loss	0.9900
19:54735360:AA:A	donor_loss	0.9900
19:54735361:AGTCT:A	donor_loss	0.9900
19:54735745:ATGTT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

2665 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
19:54727883:A:C	S210R	0.956
19:54727885:T:A	S210R	0.956
19:54727885:T:G	S210R	0.956
19:54727712:T:C	F153L	0.954
19:54727714:C:A	F153L	0.954
19:54727714:C:G	F153L	0.954
19:54729759:A:C	S308R	0.946
19:54729761:T:A	S308R	0.946
19:54729761:T:G	S308R	0.946
19:54726154:T:C	F58L	0.943
19:54726156:C:A	F58L	0.943
19:54726156:C:G	F58L	0.943
19:54729567:T:A	C244S	0.929
19:54729568:G:C	C244S	0.929
19:54729717:T:C	F294L	0.928
19:54729719:C:A	F294L	0.928
19:54729719:C:G	F294L	0.928
19:54726259:T:G	Y93D	0.927
19:54726168:A:C	K62N	0.925
19:54726168:A:T	K62N	0.925
19:54729675:T:C	F280L	0.923
19:54729677:C:A	F280L	0.923
19:54729677:C:G	F280L	0.923
19:54726310:A:C	S110R	0.921
19:54726312:C:A	S110R	0.921
19:54726312:C:G	S110R	0.921
19:54729562:T:C	L242S	0.921
19:54729714:T:A	C293S	0.917
19:54729715:G:C	C293S	0.917
19:54727685:T:A	C144S	0.914

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000235612 (19:54725272 G>A,T), RS1000499370 (19:54724291 G>A,T), RS1000571618 (19:54723973 C>G,T), RS1001119231 (19:54731005 T>G), RS1002892303 (19:54726885 A>G), RS1003367262 (19:54725555 C>T), RS1004598589 (19:54728800 G>A), RS1006240523 (19:54734443 A>G), RS1006826642 (19:54723955 G>A,C), RS1006929219 (19:54723863 A>G), RS1007367212 (19:54726087 C>A,G,T), RS1008032877 (19:54733838 G>C), RS1008063788 (19:54733522 C>CA), RS1008609098 (19:54732126 G>A), RS1008860136 (19:54724777 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:610095 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST90002394_566	Monocyte percentage of white cells	4.000000e-10

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0007989	monocyte percentage of leukocytes

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

7 total (human), top 7 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
quercitrin	affects expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
Arsenic	affects expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression	1
Cadmium	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases methylation	1
Copper Sulfate	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.