KLHL18

Summary

KLHL18 (kelch like family member 18, HGNC:29120) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 3p21.31, encoding Kelch-like protein 18 (O94889). Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex required for mitotic progression and cytokinesis.

Predicted to enable ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity. Involved in positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition and protein ubiquitination. Predicted to be part of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm.

Source: NCBI Gene 23276 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 81 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_025010

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:29120
Approved symbol	KLHL18
Name	kelch like family member 18
Location	3p21.31
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	KIAA0795, FLJ13703
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000114648
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	619926
Entrez	23276

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 7 — 3 protein_coding, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000232766, ENST00000433449, ENST00000437353, ENST00000442272, ENST00000461084, ENST00000483201, ENST00000964342

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_025010 NM_025010

CCDS: CCDS33749

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000232766 — 10 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001172794	47343555	47346816
ENSE00003466550	47334683	47334819
ENSE00003521418	47342719	47342830
ENSE00003539496	47333157	47333317
ENSE00003574919	47336535	47336757
ENSE00003599751	47319653	47319783
ENSE00003615776	47329951	47330149
ENSE00003668761	47322568	47322708
ENSE00003676095	47340572	47340676
ENSE00003850843	47282944	47283094

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 240 present calls, max score 94.46.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 8.6025 / max 267.7466, expressed in 1792 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
36536	5.3045	1742
36534	2.0173	1095
36535	1.2807	746

Top tissues by expression

279 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	94.46	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	94.13	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	94.10	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	93.79	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	93.37	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	92.80	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	92.57	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	91.90	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	91.72	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	90.74	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	90.08	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	89.46	gold quality
skeletal muscle organ	UBERON:0014892	87.31	gold quality
muscle organ	UBERON:0001630	87.29	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	87.12	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	86.55	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	86.29	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	85.98	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	85.32	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	84.78	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	84.62	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	84.50	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	84.30	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	84.18	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	84.16	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	84.02	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	83.93	silver quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	83.88	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	83.68	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	83.31	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	3.89
E-MTAB-7249	no	54.81

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

167 targeting KLHL18, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-9-5P	100.00	72.28	2361
HSA-MIR-4533	100.00	69.48	2758
HSA-MIR-5193	100.00	67.26	1744
HSA-MIR-4713-3P	100.00	65.92	505
HSA-MIR-4283	100.00	66.42	2097
HSA-MIR-4692	100.00	67.32	2066
HSA-MIR-4510	100.00	66.60	2050
HSA-MIR-6127	100.00	66.76	2188
HSA-MIR-6129	100.00	66.46	2080
HSA-MIR-6130	100.00	66.69	2012
HSA-MIR-6133	100.00	66.48	2064
HSA-MIR-4673	100.00	66.64	1490
HSA-MIR-548AW	99.99	72.57	3559
HSA-MIR-6077	99.99	68.04	2299
HSA-MIR-4514	99.99	67.10	1870
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-7152-3P	99.97	67.47	849
HSA-MIR-302E	99.96	70.74	2669
HSA-MIR-1468-3P	99.96	72.74	3797
HSA-MIR-145-5P	99.92	71.13	1836
HSA-MIR-5195-3P	99.92	70.92	1877
HSA-MIR-497-5P	99.92	71.83	2674
HSA-MIR-1297	99.91	73.41	3162
HSA-MIR-6809-3P	99.91	71.45	3814
HSA-MIR-498-3P	99.91	71.27	1114
HSA-MIR-4753-3P	99.90	71.03	3786
HSA-MIR-15A-5P	99.90	72.80	2787
HSA-MIR-15B-5P	99.90	72.78	2798
HSA-MIR-16-5P	99.90	72.80	2780
HSA-MIR-195-5P	99.90	72.81	2805

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	klhl18	ENSDARG00000004306
mus_musculus	Klhl18	ENSMUSG00000054792
rattus_norvegicus	Klhl18	ENSRNOG00000020880
drosophila_melanogaster	KLHL18	FBGN0037978
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002185

Paralogs (54): KLHL13 (ENSG00000003096), KLHL20 (ENSG00000076321), KEAP1 (ENSG00000079999), KLHL42 (ENSG00000087448), KLHL22 (ENSG00000099910), KLHL4 (ENSG00000102271), KLHL2 (ENSG00000109466), KLHL5 (ENSG00000109790), BACH2 (ENSG00000112182), KLHL24 (ENSG00000114796), IVNS1ABP (ENSG00000116679), KLHL12 (ENSG00000117153), KLHL29 (ENSG00000119771), KBTBD7 (ENSG00000120696), KLHL7 (ENSG00000122550), KLHL31 (ENSG00000124743), KLHDC7B (ENSG00000130487), KLHL36 (ENSG00000135686), KLHL8 (ENSG00000145332), KLHL3 (ENSG00000146021), KLHL35 (ENSG00000149243), KLHL1 (ENSG00000150361), BACH1 (ENSG00000156273), KLHL40 (ENSG00000157119), KLHL10 (ENSG00000161594), KLHL21 (ENSG00000162413), KLHDC8A (ENSG00000162873), KBTBD8 (ENSG00000163376), KBTBD6 (ENSG00000165572), KLHL26 (ENSG00000167487), KLHL30 (ENSG00000168427), KBTBD2 (ENSG00000170852), KLHL6 (ENSG00000172578), KLHL15 (ENSG00000174010), KLHL38 (ENSG00000175946), KBTBD11 (ENSG00000176595), KLHDC7A (ENSG00000179023), KLHL28 (ENSG00000179454), KBTBD3 (ENSG00000182359), KLHL33 (ENSG00000185271)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Kelch-like protein 18 — O94889 (reviewed: O94889)

All UniProt accessions (4): C9J4G4, O94889, F8WCL4, F8WF78

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex required for mitotic progression and cytokinesis. The BCR(KLHL18) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex mediates the ubiquitination of AURKA leading to its activation at the centrosome which is required for initiating mitotic entry. Regulates light-and dark-dependent alpha-transducin localization changes in rod photoreceptors through UNC119 ubiquitination and degradation. Preferentially ubiquitinates the unphosphorylated form of UNC119 over the phosphorylated form. In the presence of UNC119, under dark-adapted conditions alpha-transducin mislocalizes from the outer segment to the inner part of rod photoreceptors which leads to decreased photoreceptor damage caused by light.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with AURKA. Interacts (via BTB domain) with CUL3. Interacts (via kelch repeats) with UNC119.

Pathway. Protein modification; protein ubiquitination.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
O94889-1	1	yes
O94889-2	2

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_079286* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000210	BTB/POZ_dom	Domain
IPR006652	Kelch_1	Repeat
IPR011333	SKP1/BTB/POZ_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR011705	BACK	Domain
IPR015915	Kelch-typ_b-propeller	Homologous_superfamily
IPR017096	BTB-kelch_protein	Family
IPR030603	KLHL18_BTB/POZ	Domain

Pfam: PF00651, PF01344, PF07707, PF24681

UniProt features (10 total): repeat 6, domain 2, chain 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-O94889-F1	93.41	0.85

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 225 (showing top): MORF_RAGE, MORF_FLT1, TGCGCANK_UNKNOWN, MORF_MSH3, TGCTGCT_MIR15A_MIR16_MIR15B_MIR195_MIR424_MIR497, SP3_Q3, MORF_BRCA1, MORF_ATRX, GOBP_CELL_CYCLE_PHASE_TRANSITION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_MITOTIC_CELL_CYCLE, GOBP_MACROMOLECULE_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, TAL1ALPHAE47_01, MORF_ESR1, MODULE_16, CCATCCA_MIR432

GO Biological Process (4): protein ubiquitination (GO:0016567), proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (GO:0043161), cell division (GO:0051301), positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition (GO:1901992)

GO Molecular Function (2): ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity (GO:1990756), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex (GO:0031463)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
protein modification by small protein conjugation	1
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	1
proteasomal protein catabolic process	1
cellular process	1
mitotic cell cycle phase transition	1
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle	1
positive regulation of cell cycle phase transition	1
regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition	1
enzyme-substrate adaptor activity	1
binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

932 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
KLHL18	KIF9	Q9HAQ2	582
KLHL18	TBRG4	Q969Z0	557
KLHL18	KCTD2	Q14681	532
KLHL18	ESPNL	Q6ZVH7	531
KLHL18	CCDC12	Q8WUD4	513
KLHL18	BTBD7	Q9P203	493
KLHL18	CUL3	Q13618	491
KLHL18	UBAP2L	Q14157	489
KLHL18	DHRS7B	Q6IAN0	474
KLHL18	SLC25A21	Q9BQT8	473
KLHL18	EXTL3	O43909	462
KLHL18	ADRA2C	P18825	456
KLHL18	DAB2IP	Q5VWQ8	438
KLHL18	DEPDC4	Q8N2C3	438
KLHL18	TRAM2	Q15035	435

IntAct

51 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
COPS6	RHOBTB1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
EEF1G	KLHL18	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KLHL18	PRKN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
EIF4EBP3	EIF4E2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.550
COPS5	KLHL18	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CUL3	RHOBTB1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CUL3	ZSWIM8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
UBE2M	RHOBTB1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
GPS1	PXDNL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
COPS6	KLHL18	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CFH	KLHL18	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
KLHL18	CFTR	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
CFTR	KLHL18	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
KLHL18	EEF1G	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
NEK4	E2F8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DCUN1D1	RGSL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
COPS5	FBLL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
COPS6	DDX3X	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CUL3	PXDNL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (76): KLHL18 (Two-hybrid), KLHL18 (Affinity Capture-MS), KLHL18 (Affinity Capture-MS), KLHL18 (Affinity Capture-MS), SUGT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NUDCD3 (Affinity Capture-MS), KLHL18 (Two-hybrid), KLHL18 (Affinity Capture-MS), CUL3 (Affinity Capture-Western), KLHL18 (Affinity Capture-Western), KLHL18 (Affinity Capture-Western), AURKA (Affinity Capture-Western), AURKA (Reconstituted Complex), AURKA (Biochemical Activity), RBX1 (Affinity Capture-Western)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A2R8Q1W5, A6QQY2, B0WWP2, B3NDN0, B4HIK1, B4L0G9, B4LIG6, B4PD06, D3Z8N4, E0CZ16, E1B932, E7F6F9, E9Q4F2, F1LZ52, O94889, P28575, P57790, P59280, Q08DK3, Q14145, Q16RL8, Q2T9Z7, Q53G59, Q5R774, Q5R7B8, Q5U374, Q5ZKD9, Q5ZLD3, Q684M4, Q6DFF6, Q6JEL2, Q6JEL3, Q6NRH0, Q6TDP3, Q6TDP4, Q6ZPT1, Q7QGL0, Q80TF4, Q8BZM0, Q8K430

Diamond homologs: A0A2R8Q1W5, A9JRD8, B0WWP2, B3DIV9, B3M9V8, B3NDN0, B4GRJ2, B4HIK1, B4J045, B4L0G9, B4LIG6, B4MXW3, B4PD06, B4QLQ2, D3Z8N4, D3ZUU2, E0CZ16, E1B932, E7F6F9, E9Q4F2, F1LZ52, F1LZF0, F1MBP6, G3X9X1, O15062, O93567, O94889, O95198, P28575, P57790, Q04652, Q08DK3, Q13105, Q14145, Q16RL8, Q1ECZ2, Q2M0J9, Q2TBA0, Q3SWU4, Q3ZB90

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
KLHL18	“up-regulates activity”	AURKA	binding
KLHL18	“up-regulates activity”	“Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1”	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 46 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
DNA Damage Recognition in GG-NER	6	53.5×	6e-08
Formation of TC-NER Pre-Incision Complex	6	39.6×	3e-07
Cargo recognition for clathrin-mediated endocytosis	6	19.6×	1e-05
Neddylation	12	17.8×	1e-10
Antigen processing: Ubiquitination & Proteasome degradation	6	7.0×	4e-03

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
regulation of protein neddylation	7	159.8×	2e-12
protein neddylation	9	154.1×	6e-16
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	5	9.1×	1e-02
protein ubiquitination	7	7.1×	4e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

81 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	71
Likely benign	1
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1890 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
3:47283092:AAGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:47283094:GGTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
3:47283096:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:47319772:A:T	donor_gain	1.0000
3:47319779:CCAAG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
3:47319780:CAAGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
3:47319781:AAGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:47319782:AGGTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:47319783:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
3:47319784:GTACT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
3:47319785:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:47322565:TA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
3:47322566:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:47322566:AGT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:47322567:G:GC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:47322567:GT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:47322567:GTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:47322567:GTGC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:47322567:GTGCC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:47322704:GAACG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
3:47322708:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
3:47322709:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
3:47322710:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:47329942:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:47329942:AT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:47329943:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:47329943:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:47329947:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:47329947:AAAG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:47329948:A:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

3782 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
3:47283090:T:A	L42H	1.000
3:47283090:T:C	L42P	1.000
3:47319675:C:A	A51D	1.000
3:47319681:G:C	R53P	1.000
3:47319687:T:A	V55D	1.000
3:47319690:T:C	L56S	1.000
3:47319723:T:C	F67S	1.000
3:47322688:C:G	C127W	1.000
3:47336661:G:A	G342E	1.000
3:47336723:T:A	W363R	1.000
3:47336723:T:C	W363R	1.000
3:47336755:A:C	R373S	1.000
3:47336755:A:T	R373S	1.000
3:47340616:G:A	G389E	1.000
3:47342720:T:A	W410R	1.000
3:47342720:T:C	W410R	1.000
3:47342750:C:A	R420S	1.000
3:47283060:G:C	R32P	0.999
3:47283063:G:C	R33P	0.999
3:47283075:T:C	L37P	0.999
3:47283080:G:C	D39H	0.999
3:47283081:A:T	D39V	0.999
3:47283084:T:A	V40E	0.999
3:47319677:C:G	H52D	0.999
3:47319678:A:G	H52R	0.999
3:47319679:C:A	H52Q	0.999
3:47319679:C:G	H52Q	0.999
3:47319692:G:C	A57P	0.999
3:47319693:C:A	A57E	0.999
3:47319695:G:C	A58P	0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000007578 (3:47314755 CT>C), RS1000049746 (3:47316889 G>T), RS1000058195 (3:47321346 G>T), RS1000063514 (3:47308671 G>A), RS1000241339 (3:47322727 C>A,T), RS1000254724 (3:47335625 A>G), RS1000287465 (3:47308883 A>G), RS1000363506 (3:47328713 G>T), RS1000423124 (3:47296118 G>C), RS1000521840 (3:47320878 A>G), RS1000522206 (3:47337561 C>T), RS1000585521 (3:47335916 G>A,T), RS1000650394 (3:47344706 C>T), RS1000684943 (3:47290104 C>T), RS1000703647 (3:47297906 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:619926 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST004691_3	Huntington’s disease progression	2.000000e-06
GCST010002_422	Refractive error	4.000000e-14

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0008336	disease progression measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

36 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol A	increases methylation, decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
sodium arsenite	affects expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	2
entinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Estradiol	affects expression, increases expression	2
Valproic Acid	increases expression, affects expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
beta-lapachone	increases expression	1
manganese chloride	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
potassium chromate(VI)	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
cupric oxide	increases expression	1
epigallocatechin gallate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
cylindrospermopsin	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
belinostat	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
bisphenol S	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
PCI 5002	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Fulvestrant	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
Vorinostat	increases expression	1
Arsenic	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Dexamethasone	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Folic Acid	decreases expression	1
Indomethacin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Manganese	increases abundance, increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	1
Zinc	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.