KLK14

gene

On this page

Also known as KLK-L6

Summary

KLK14 (kallikrein related peptidase 14, HGNC:6362) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19q13.41, encoding Kallikrein-14 (Q9P0G3). Serine-type endopeptidase with a dual trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like substrate specificity.

This gene encodes a member of the kallikrein subfamily of serine proteases that have diverse physiological functions such as regulation of blood pressure and desquamation. The altered expression of this gene is implicated in the progression of different cancers including breast and prostate tumors. The encoded protein is a precursor that is proteolytically processed to generate the functional enzyme. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 43847 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

Clinical variants (ClinVar): 40 total
Druggable target: yes
MANE Select transcript: NM_001369775

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:6362
Approved symbol	KLK14
Name	kallikrein related peptidase 14
Location	19q13.41
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	KLK-L6
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000129437
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	606135
Entrez	43847

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 5 — 5 protein_coding

ENST00000156499, ENST00000391802, ENST00000650543, ENST00000858969, ENST00000924500

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_001369775 NM_001311182, NM_001369775, NM_022046

CCDS: CCDS12823

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000650543 — 6 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000723005	51079449	51079702
ENSE00000723007	51078815	51078951
ENSE00000723009	51077897	51078159
ENSE00000954890	51081532	51081703
ENSE00003833990	51082575	51082636
ENSE00003841062	51082722	51082887

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 153 present calls, max score 78.90.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0993 / max 25.0845, expressed in 33 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
182374	0.0898	31
182373	0.0095	5

Top tissues by expression

280 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	78.90	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	75.70	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	75.64	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	73.81	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	72.94	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	72.88	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	72.39	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	71.09	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	70.64	gold quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	68.62	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	68.05	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	66.49	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	66.10	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	65.64	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	65.52	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	65.44	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	65.40	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	65.23	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	64.83	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	64.58	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	64.13	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	63.98	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	63.72	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	63.54	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	63.46	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	62.58	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	62.41	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	62.17	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	61.87	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	61.33	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	1.51

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 28)

KLK14 overexpression was found to be a significant predictor of decreased disease-free survival and overall survival in breast cancer patients (PMID:12439719)
KLK14 expression upregulated in advanced and more aggressive prostate tumors; may play role in tumor spread and may be new marker for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis (PMID:12858357)
may be part of a protease cascade in the stratum corneum, and that the observed pH effects may have physiological relevance. (PMID:15654974)
hK14 has dual activity, trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like, with a preference for cleavage after arginine residues (PMID:15843175)
KLK14 is clearly overexpressed in breast cancer in comparison to normal breast tissues and is positively associated with conventional parameters of tumour aggressiveness (PMID:16434994)
The majority of KLK14 in the plantar stratum corneum is present in its catalytically active form. KLK14 could be immunohistochemically detected in sweat ducts, preferentially in the intraepidermal parts (the acrosyringium), and in sweat glands. (PMID:16800737)
KLK14 may be implicated in several facets of tumor progression, including growth, invasion, and angiogenesis, as well as in arthritic disease via deterioration of cartilage (PMID:17110383)
KLK14 may participate in epidermal desquamation through cleavage of desmoglein 1 and regulation by lympho-epithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor (LEKTI). (PMID:17158887)
KLK5 and KLK14, but neither KLK7 nor KLK8, induced PAR2 signalling. (PMID:17625593)
KLK14 is a new activator component of the KLK proteolytic cascade with a possible role in seminal plasma and skin (PMID:18056261)
semenogelins I and II were directly cleaved by KLK14. Semenogelins were also able to reverse KLK14 inhibition by Zn2+, providing a novel regulatory mechanism for KLK14 activity. (PMID:18482984)
Expression of the KLK14 protein correlated with the pathological tumor status in prostate cancer and was associated with disease progression defined by prostate-specific antigen relapse in univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis. (PMID:18497543)
positive staining was significantly associated with NSCLC adenocarcinoma histotype (KLK13, p=0.014) and tumor size (KLK14, p=0.048) (PMID:18627302)
KLK4 is only expressed in breast and prostate cancers that express the progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR), respectively. (PMID:19147544)
synergistic effects between estrogens and androgens on estrogen-sensitive genes may have implications on the role of the kallikreins 10, 11, and 14 in associated risk of breast cancer and progression. (PMID:19383315)
Combination of KLK2, 3, 13, and 14 and KLK1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, and 14 showed very strong discriminatory potential for semen liquefaction and viscosity, respectively. (PMID:19558318)
The differences in the levels of KLK14 suggest that KLKs may aid in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. The coexpression of KLKs suggests their possible involvement in an enzymatic pathway activated in salivary gland. (PMID:20155713)
KLK14 gene expression could be evaluated as a putative independent diagnostic biomarker in breast tumour biopsies. (PMID:21057706)
genetic variants in the KLK14 locus are associated with risk and/or aggressiveness of prostate cancer (PMID:22505522)
KLK14, acting via PAR-2, represents an autocrine/paracrine regulator of colon tumorigenesis (PMID:22505523)
KLK8 and KLK14 can signal differentially via the PARs to affect tissue function (PMID:22505524)
KLK7 and KLK14 gene expression can be regarded as markers of poor prognosis for colorectal cancer patients with discriminating power between CC and adenoma patients. (PMID:23224034)
increased KLK14 activity could contribute at multiple levels to HGF/Met-mediated processes in prostate and other cancers (PMID:27533117)
In this work, KLK14 binding to either hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type-1 (HAI-1) or type-2 (HAI-2) was essayed using homology modeling, molecular dynamic simulations and free-energy calculations through MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA. KLK14 was successfully modeled. (PMID:28817220)
There was no significant association of KLK13 and KLK14 mRNA expression with the clinical factors ascitic fluid volume or residual tumor mass. High KLK14 mRNA levels were significantly associated with prolonged PFS (HR = 0.44, P = 0.017) and showed a trend towards significance for OS (HR = 0.55, P = 0.070). (PMID:29546479)
The molecular function of kallikrein-related peptidase 14 demonstrates a key modulatory role in advanced prostate cancer. (PMID:31630475)
Transgenic Kallikrein 14 Mice Display Major Hair Shaft Defects Associated with Desmoglein 3 and 4 Degradation, Abnormal Epidermal Differentiation, and IL-36 Signature. (PMID:32169475)
Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 14 Activates Zymogens of Membrane Type Matrix Metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs)-A CleavEx Based Analysis. (PMID:32575583)

Cross-species orthologs

13 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Klk14	ENSMUSG00000044737
rattus_norvegicus	Klk14	ENSRNOG00000033706
drosophila_melanogaster	CG9673	FBGN0030775
drosophila_melanogaster	CG4477	FBGN0035971
drosophila_melanogaster	CG17404	FBGN0038001
drosophila_melanogaster	CG12256	FBGN0038002
drosophila_melanogaster	CG3916	FBGN0038003
drosophila_melanogaster	CG17477	FBGN0038479
drosophila_melanogaster	CG4053	FBGN0038482
drosophila_melanogaster	CG31269	FBGN0051269
drosophila_melanogaster	CG32808	FBGN0052808
drosophila_melanogaster	Phae2	FBGN0263235
drosophila_melanogaster	Send2	FBGN0264253

Paralogs (12): PRSS54 (ENSG00000103023), KLK8 (ENSG00000129455), TMPRSS4 (ENSG00000137648), KLK3 (ENSG00000142515), KLK1 (ENSG00000167748), KLK4 (ENSG00000167749), KLK2 (ENSG00000167751), KLK5 (ENSG00000167754), KLK11 (ENSG00000167757), KLK7 (ENSG00000169035), KLK12 (ENSG00000186474), PRSS58 (ENSG00000258223)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Kallikrein-14 — Q9P0G3 (reviewed: Q9P0G3)

Alternative names: Kallikrein-like protein 6

All UniProt accessions (2): Q9P0G3, A0A1R3UHJ7

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Serine-type endopeptidase with a dual trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like substrate specificity. May activate/inactivate the proteinase-activated receptors F2R, F2RL1 and F2RL3 and other kallikreins including KLK1, KLK3, KLK5 and KLK11. May function in seminal clot liquefaction through direct cleavage of the semenogelin SEMG1 and SEMG2 and activation of KLK3. May function through desmoglein DSG1 cleavage in epidermal desquamation a process by which the most superficial corneocytes are shed from the skin surface. May be involved in several aspects of tumor progression including growth, invasion and angiogenesis.

Subcellular location. Secreted. Extracellular space.

Tissue specificity. Highly expressed in CNS, bone marrow and fetal liver. Also expressed in breast, thyroid, kidney, colon, pancreas, spleen, prostate, uterus, small intestine, placenta and skeletal muscle. Among 40 tissues tested, the highest expression is detected in skin followed by breast and prostate (at protein level). Expressed in stratum corneum by sweat ducts and sweat glands and detected in sweat (at protein level).

Post-translational modifications. Proteolytic cleavage of the activation peptide produces the active enzyme.

Activity regulation. Inhibited by SERPINA1, SERPINC1, SERPINE1, SERPINF2, aprotinin, soybean, trypsin inhibitor and leupeptin. Inhibited by serine protease inhibitor SPINK5. Has an autoproteolytic activity which may have a regulatory effect. Activated by citrate and inhibited by zinc and to a lower extent by manganese.

Induction. Up-regulated by steroid hormone.

Similarity. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Kallikrein subfamily.

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001298111, NP_001356704, NP_071329 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001254	Trypsin_dom	Domain
IPR001314	Peptidase_S1A	Family
IPR009003	Peptidase_S1_PA	Homologous_superfamily
IPR018114	TRYPSIN_HIS	Active_site
IPR033116	TRYPSIN_SER	Active_site
IPR043504

Pfam: PF00089

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

EC 3.4.21.B45 — (BRENDA: organisms, substrates, inhibitors, Km, kcat entries)

UniProt features (14 total): disulfide bond 4, sequence variant 3, active site 3, signal peptide 1, propeptide 1, chain 1, domain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9P0G3-F1	87.42	0.73

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (3): 67 (charge relay system); 111 (charge relay system); 204 (charge relay system)

Disulfide bonds (4): 200–225, 52–68, 143–210, 175–189

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-6809371	Formation of the cornified envelope
R-HSA-1266738	Developmental Biology
R-HSA-6805567	Keratinization

MSigDB gene sets: 52 (showing top): GOBP_MORPHOGENESIS_OF_AN_EPITHELIUM, GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_EPIDERMIS_MORPHOGENESIS, GOBP_BEHAVIOR, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, GOBP_INSEMINATION, GOBP_PROTEIN_MATURATION, GOBP_REPRODUCTIVE_BEHAVIOR, GOBP_EPIDERMIS_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_MULTI_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISM_PROCESS, KANG_IMMORTALIZED_BY_TERT_DN, GOBP_FERTILIZATION, GOBP_TISSUE_MORPHOGENESIS, GOBP_COPULATION, GOCC_SECRETORY_VESICLE

GO Biological Process (7): proteolysis (GO:0006508), fertilization (GO:0009566), negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0045744), positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0045745), epidermis morphogenesis (GO:0048730), protein maturation (GO:0051604), seminal clot liquefaction (GO:0070684)

GO Molecular Function (4): serine-type endopeptidase activity (GO:0004252), peptidase activity (GO:0008233), serine-type peptidase activity (GO:0008236), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787)

GO Cellular Component (3): extracellular region (GO:0005576), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), secretory granule (GO:0030141)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Keratinization	1
Developmental Biology	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
protein metabolic process	2
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	2
regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	2
sexual reproduction	1
reproductive process	1
negative regulation of signal transduction	1
positive regulation of signal transduction	1
morphogenesis of an epithelium	1
epidermis development	1
gene expression	1
insemination	1
multicellular organismal reproductive process	1
endopeptidase activity	1
serine-type peptidase activity	1
hydrolase activity	1
catalytic activity, acting on a protein	1
peptidase activity	1
serine hydrolase activity	1
catalytic activity	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
endomembrane system	1
secretory vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

746 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
KLK14	SIGLEC9	Q9Y336	838
KLK14	SPINK5	Q9NQ38	785
KLK14	SIGLEC7	Q9Y286	713
KLK14	SPINK6	Q6UWN8	616
KLK14	SPINK9	Q5DT21	544
KLK14	CDSN	Q15517	519
KLK14	CD33	P20138	516
KLK14	MMP3	P08254	496
KLK14	SERPINA1	P01009	494
KLK14	DSC1	Q08554	486
KLK14	SERPINB11	Q96P15	480
KLK14	DSG1	Q02413	475
KLK14	EPRS1	P07814	447
KLK14	SERPINB13	Q9UIV8	444
KLK14	F8W876	F8W876	436

IntAct

9 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
STK11	KDM4A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
KLK14	CFTR	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
OR13C3	POTEF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KLK14	CNNM4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FNDC5	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
OLFM4	SPINT1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SMPD2	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ZC3HC1	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (7): KLK14 (Protein-RNA), CNNM4 (Affinity Capture-MS), KLK14 (Affinity Capture-MS), GTPBP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), KLK14 (Affinity Capture-MS), KLK14 (Negative Genetic), KLK14 (PCA)

ESM2 similar proteins: A7WPL7, O43240, O46683, O60259, O88780, P07288, P09582, P09650, P10144, P15944, P19236, P20151, P20718, P21842, P23946, P24158, P33619, P49862, P50341, P50342, P51124, P52195, P56435, P79204, P80219, P83748, Q03238, Q07276, Q14B24, Q28773, Q61096, Q61955, Q6DT45, Q6IE59, Q6UWY2, Q76B45, Q7JIG6, Q92876, Q9BQR3, Q9BZJ3

Diamond homologs: A4D1T9, O35205, P00760, P00761, P00762, P00763, P00764, P06868, P06871, P06872, P07146, P07477, P07478, P08426, P12788, P16049, P19799, P32821, P32822, P35030, P35031, P35032, P35033, P70059, Q29463, Q32KU2, Q32LI2, Q4R7Y7, Q5K2P8, Q5K2P9, Q5K4E3, Q5M8S2, Q6IE06, Q7JIG6, Q8BW11, Q8IYP2, Q8NHM4, Q90627, Q90628, Q90629

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

40 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	33
Likely benign	3
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

875 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
19:51078810:CTTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
19:51078812:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
19:51078813:A:AG	donor_loss	1.0000
19:51079566:G:C	donor_gain	1.0000
19:51081704:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:51078155:TCACC:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:51078156:CACC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:51078156:CACCC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:51078158:CC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:51078159:CC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:51078159:CCTGA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
19:51078160:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:51078160:C:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:51078161:T:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
19:51078813:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
19:51078814:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
19:51078814:CCTGA:C	donor_gain	0.9900
19:51078947:CCTGG:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
19:51078948:CTGG:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:51078948:CTGGC:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
19:51078950:GGCT:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900
19:51078952:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:51078952:C:CG	acceptor_loss	0.9900
19:51078953:T:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
19:51079443:CCTCA:C	donor_loss	0.9900
19:51079444:CTCAC:C	donor_loss	0.9900
19:51079445:TCACC:T	donor_loss	0.9900
19:51079446:CAC:C	donor_loss	0.9900
19:51079447:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
19:51079447:A:C	donor_loss	0.9900

AlphaMissense

1608 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
19:51079471:C:A	W164C	0.999
19:51079471:C:G	W164C	0.999
19:51078034:C:A	W259C	0.998
19:51078034:C:G	W259C	0.998
19:51079583:T:A	D127V	0.998
19:51078103:C:A	W236C	0.997
19:51078103:C:G	W236C	0.997
19:51078155:T:A	D219V	0.997
19:51078852:C:G	C205S	0.997
19:51078853:A:T	C205S	0.997
19:51079583:T:G	D127A	0.997
19:51078089:C:G	C241S	0.996
19:51078090:A:T	C241S	0.996
19:51078155:T:G	D219A	0.996
19:51078819:C:G	C216S	0.996
19:51078820:A:T	C216S	0.996
19:51078894:C:G	C191S	0.996
19:51078895:A:T	C191S	0.996
19:51079473:A:G	W164R	0.996
19:51079473:A:T	W164R	0.996
19:51078154:G:C	D219E	0.995
19:51078154:G:T	D219E	0.995
19:51078156:C:G	D219H	0.995
19:51078819:C:T	C216Y	0.995
19:51078852:C:T	C205Y	0.995
19:51079583:T:C	D127G	0.995
19:51081630:C:A	W54C	0.995
19:51081630:C:G	W54C	0.995
19:51078149:C:A	G221V	0.994
19:51078150:C:A	G221W	0.994

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000333645 (19:51082955 C>A,G,T), RS1000670989 (19:51078871 T>C), RS1000718252 (19:51084501 C>G,T), RS1000882052 (19:51084233 A>G), RS1000978549 (19:51084145 T>C), RS1001124657 (19:51083688 A>C,G), RS1001305422 (19:51080452 G>A), RS1001331207 (19:51078257 A>C), RS1001680580 (19:51078410 G>A,C,T), RS1001855934 (19:51085526 T>C), RS1002280211 (19:51079779 T>C), RS1002441192 (19:51084554 C>A), RS1002736071 (19:51079607 T>C), RS1003090618 (19:51078032 A>G), RS1003444425 (19:51085403 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:606135 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): male infertility (MONDO:0005372)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D007248	Infertility, Male	C12.100.500.430; C12.100.750.700; C12.200.294.430

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL2641 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: enzyme — S1: Chymotrypsin

Most potent curated ligand interactions (2 total), top 2:

Ligand	Action	Affinity	Parameter
compound 3 [PMID: 23849879]	Inhibition	5.89	pIC50
compound 4d [PMID: 25489658]	Inhibition	5.54	pIC50

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

15 measured of 18 human assays (18 total across all organisms); most potent 15 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value	Patent
2-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one	KI	100 nM	US-9695194: Benzoxazinone derivatives for treatment of skin diseases
2-(2-methylsulfonylphenyl)-7,8-dihydro-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-g][3,1]benzoxazin-4-one	KI	200 nM	US-9695194: Benzoxazinone derivatives for treatment of skin diseases
2-(2-chlorophenyl)-7,8-dihydro-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-g][3,1]benzoxazin-4-one	KI	400 nM	US-9695194: Benzoxazinone derivatives for treatment of skin diseases
2-(2-methylsulfonylphenyl)-8,9-dihydro-7H-[1,4]dioxepino[2,3-g][3,1]benzoxazin-4-one	KI	500 nM	US-9695194: Benzoxazinone derivatives for treatment of skin diseases
2-(4,6-dimethoxycyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)-7,8-dihydro-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-g][3,1]benzoxazin-4-one	KI	500 nM	US-9695194: Benzoxazinone derivatives for treatment of skin diseases
2-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-8,9-dihydro-7H-[1,4]dioxepino[2,3-g][3,1]benzoxazin-4-one	KI	600 nM	US-9695194: Benzoxazinone derivatives for treatment of skin diseases
2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-8,9-dihydro-7H-[1,4]dioxepino[2,3-g][3,1]benzoxazin-4-one	KI	700 nM	US-9695194: Benzoxazinone derivatives for treatment of skin diseases
6,7-dimethoxy-2-(2-methylsulfanylphenyl)-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one	KI	700 nM	US-9695194: Benzoxazinone derivatives for treatment of skin diseases
2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydro-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-g][3,1]benzoxazin-4-one	KI	700 nM	US-9695194: Benzoxazinone derivatives for treatment of skin diseases
2-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-ethoxy-7-methoxy-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one	KI	1100 nM	US-9695194: Benzoxazinone derivatives for treatment of skin diseases
6-ethoxy-7-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one	KI	1200 nM	US-9695194: Benzoxazinone derivatives for treatment of skin diseases
2-(2-methylsulfanylphenyl)-8,9-dihydro-7H-[1,4]dioxepino[2,3-g][3,1]benzoxazin-4-one	KI	1300 nM	US-9695194: Benzoxazinone derivatives for treatment of skin diseases
2-(2-chlorophenyl)-8,9-dihydro-7H-[1,4]dioxepino[2,3-g][3,1]benzoxazin-4-one	KI	1900 nM	US-9695194: Benzoxazinone derivatives for treatment of skin diseases
2-(2-Iodo-phenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-one	KI	1900 nM	US-9695194: Benzoxazinone derivatives for treatment of skin diseases
6-ethoxy-7-methoxy-2-(2-methylsulfonylphenyl)-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one	KI	2800 nM	US-9695194: Benzoxazinone derivatives for treatment of skin diseases

ChEMBL bioactivities

42 potent at pChembl≥5 of 51 total, top 42 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
9.40	Ki	0.4	nM	CHEMBL3623776
8.92	Ki	1.2	nM	CHEMBL3623779
8.70	Ki	2	nM	CHEMBL3623790
8.15	Ki	7	nM	CHEMBL3623791
8.10	IC50	8	nM	CHEMBL4206734
7.75	Ki	18	nM	CHEMBL4466351
7.60	Ki	25	nM	CHEMBL4456106
7.50	IC50	31.62	nM	CHEMBL4558285
7.10	Ki	79	nM	CHEMBL4456620
7.00	IC50	100	nM	CHEMBL4575974
7.00	Ki	100	nM	CHEMBL5830970
7.00	Ki	100	nM	CHEMBL5963073
6.90	IC50	125.9	nM	CHEMBL4447752
6.82	Ki	150	nM	CHEMBL4575658
6.70	IC50	199.5	nM	CHEMBL4461533
6.60	IC50	251.2	nM	CHEMBL4517343
6.52	Ki	300	nM	CHEMBL4575974
6.50	IC50	316.2	nM	CHEMBL4543039
6.40	IC50	398.1	nM	CHEMBL4460168
6.40	IC50	398.1	nM	CHEMBL4465265
6.30	Ki	500	nM	CHEMBL5751980
6.30	Ki	500	nM	CHEMBL6054715
6.10	IC50	794.3	nM	CHEMBL4579813
6.10	Ki	800	nM	CHEMBL5774461
6.01	IC50	970	nM	CHEMBL1580091
6.00	Ki	1000	nM	CHEMBL5826120
5.96	Ki	1100	nM	CHEMBL6003452
5.96	Ki	1100	nM	CHEMBL5957189
5.89	IC50	1290	nM	CHEMBL1413622
5.89	Ki	1300	nM	CHEMBL5836147
5.85	Ki	1400	nM	CHEMBL5810661
5.82	Ki	1500	nM	CHEMBL5944124
5.82	Ki	1500	nM	CHEMBL5790489
5.80	IC50	1585	nM	CHEMBL4535907
5.70	Ki	2000	nM	CHEMBL4070056
5.70	IC50	1995	nM	CHEMBL4436048
5.68	Ki	2100	nM	CHEMBL349763
5.64	Ki	2300	nM	CHEMBL5870313
5.57	Ki	2700	nM	CHEMBL5854142
5.46	IC50	3430	nM	CHEMBL1580446
5.40	IC50	3981	nM	CHEMBL4530083
5.28	Ki	5200	nM	CHEMBL5808246

PubChem BioAssay actives

26 with measured affinity, of 96 total; 26 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
2-[(1R,4S,7S,13S,19S,22S,25S,28S,31R,34S,40S,43S,49S)-49-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-4,19-bis[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-25-[3-(diaminomethylideneamino)propyl]-28,34-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-22-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6,12,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,48,51-tetradecaoxo-53,54-dithia-2,5,11,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,47,50-tetradecazapentacyclo[29.20.4.07,11.013,17.043,47]pentapentacontan-40-yl]acetamide	1251576: Inhibition of KLK14 (unknown origin) expressed in Sf9 cells using Ac-YANR-pNA substrate by spectrophotometry method	ki	0.0004	uM
2-[(1R,4S,7S,13S,19S,22S,25S,28S,31R,34S,40S,43S,49S)-19,49-bis(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-4-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-25-[3-(diaminomethylideneamino)propyl]-28,34-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-22-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6,12,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,48,51-tetradecaoxo-53,54-dithia-2,5,11,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,47,50-tetradecazapentacyclo[29.20.4.07,11.013,17.043,47]pentapentacontan-40-yl]acetamide	1251576: Inhibition of KLK14 (unknown origin) expressed in Sf9 cells using Ac-YANR-pNA substrate by spectrophotometry method	ki	0.0012	uM
2-[(1R,4S,7S,13S,19S,22S,25S,28S,31R,34S,40S,43S,49S)-49-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-4,19,28-tris[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-25-[3-(diaminomethylideneamino)propyl]-22-(hydroxymethyl)-34-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-3,6,12,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,48,51-tetradecaoxo-53,54-dithia-2,5,11,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,47,50-tetradecazapentacyclo[29.20.4.07,11.013,17.043,47]pentapentacontan-40-yl]acetamide	1251576: Inhibition of KLK14 (unknown origin) expressed in Sf9 cells using Ac-YANR-pNA substrate by spectrophotometry method	ki	0.0020	uM
2-[(1R,4S,7S,13S,19S,22S,25S,28S,31R,34S,40S,43S,49S)-19-(4-aminobutyl)-49-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-4,28-bis[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-25-[3-(diaminomethylideneamino)propyl]-22-(hydroxymethyl)-34-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-3,6,12,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,48,51-tetradecaoxo-53,54-dithia-2,5,11,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,47,50-tetradecazapentacyclo[29.20.4.07,11.013,17.043,47]pentapentacontan-40-yl]acetamide	1251576: Inhibition of KLK14 (unknown origin) expressed in Sf9 cells using Ac-YANR-pNA substrate by spectrophotometry method	ki	0.0070	uM
[2-[(3,5-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrazol-4-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl] 2-(6-carbamimidoyl-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acetate	1387157: Inhibition of KLK14 (unknown origin) expressed in Pichia pastoris pre-incubated for 10 mins before Boc-ValProArg-AMC substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by fluorescence based assay	ic50	0.0080	uM
3-[(1R,4S,7S,13S,19S,22S,25S,28S,31R,34S,40S,43S,49S)-28,40-bis(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-49-benzyl-25-(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-22-(hydroxymethyl)-19,34-bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3,6,12,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,48,51-tetradecaoxo-53,54-dithia-2,5,11,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,47,50-tetradecazapentacyclo[29.20.4.07,11.013,17.043,47]pentapentacontan-4-yl]propanoic acid	1557493: Inhibition of recombinant human KLK14 expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells using Boc-QAR-MCA as susbtrate measured every 60 secs for 10 mins by fluorescence based assay	ki	0.0180	uM
2-[(1R,4S,7S,13S,19S,22S,25S,28S,31R,34S,40S,43S,49S)-25-(4-aminobutyl)-49-benzyl-4,19-bis[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-34-[3-(diaminomethylideneamino)propyl]-28-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-22-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6,12,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,48,51-tetradecaoxo-53,54-dithia-2,5,11,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,47,50-tetradecazapentacyclo[29.20.4.07,11.013,17.043,47]pentapentacontan-40-yl]acetamide	1557497: Inhibition of recombinant KLK14 (unknown origin) expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells using pNA peptide as susbtrate measured every 10 secs for 300 secs by spectrophotometric analysis	ki	0.0250	uM
4-[(3R)-1-hydroxy-7-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2,1-benzoxaborinin-3-yl]-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)benzenecarboximidamide;hydrochloride	1601464: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal 10-His-tagged KLK14 (Q19 to M248 residues) expressed in mouse NS0 cells using BOC-VPR-AMC as substrate incubated for 40 mins by FLINT assay	ic50	0.0316	uM
3-[(1R,4S,7S,13S,19S,22S,25S,28S,31R,34S,40S,43S,49S)-40-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-34,49-dibenzyl-25-(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-22-(hydroxymethyl)-19-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-28-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-3,6,12,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,48,51-tetradecaoxo-53,54-dithia-2,5,11,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,47,50-tetradecazapentacyclo[29.20.4.07,11.013,17.043,47]pentapentacontan-4-yl]propanoic acid	1557493: Inhibition of recombinant human KLK14 expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells using Boc-QAR-MCA as susbtrate measured every 60 secs for 10 mins by fluorescence based assay	ki	0.0790	uM
6-ethoxy-7-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one	1624364: Inhibition of recombinant human KLK14 using S-2302 substrate	ic50	0.1000	uM
4-[1-hydroxy-7-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2,1-benzoxaborinin-3-yl]-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)benzenecarboximidamide;hydrochloride	1601464: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal 10-His-tagged KLK14 (Q19 to M248 residues) expressed in mouse NS0 cells using BOC-VPR-AMC as substrate incubated for 40 mins by FLINT assay	ic50	0.1259	uM
3-[(1R,4S,7S,13S,19S,22S,25S,28S,31R,34S,40S,43S,49S)-40-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-34-benzyl-25-(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-22-(hydroxymethyl)-19-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-28-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-49-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-3,6,12,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,48,51-tetradecaoxo-53,54-dithia-2,5,11,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,47,50-tetradecazapentacyclo[29.20.4.07,11.013,17.043,47]pentapentacontan-4-yl]propanoic acid	1557493: Inhibition of recombinant human KLK14 expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells using Boc-QAR-MCA as susbtrate measured every 60 secs for 10 mins by fluorescence based assay	ki	0.1500	uM
4-(6-chloro-7-fluoro-1-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2,1-benzoxaborinin-3-yl)-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)benzenecarboximidamide;hydrochloride	1601464: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal 10-His-tagged KLK14 (Q19 to M248 residues) expressed in mouse NS0 cells using BOC-VPR-AMC as substrate incubated for 40 mins by FLINT assay	ic50	0.1995	uM
2-[(3-chlorophenyl)methoxy]-4-(1-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2,1-benzoxaborinin-3-yl)benzenecarboximidamide;hydrochloride	1601464: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal 10-His-tagged KLK14 (Q19 to M248 residues) expressed in mouse NS0 cells using BOC-VPR-AMC as substrate incubated for 40 mins by FLINT assay	ic50	0.2512	uM
4-[(6-fluoro-1-hydroxy-3H-2,1-benzoxaborol-3-yl)methyl]-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)benzenecarboximidamide;hydrochloride	1601464: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal 10-His-tagged KLK14 (Q19 to M248 residues) expressed in mouse NS0 cells using BOC-VPR-AMC as substrate incubated for 40 mins by FLINT assay	ic50	0.3162	uM
4-(1-hydroxy-8-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2,1-benzoxaborinin-3-yl)-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)benzenecarboximidamide;hydrochloride	1601464: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal 10-His-tagged KLK14 (Q19 to M248 residues) expressed in mouse NS0 cells using BOC-VPR-AMC as substrate incubated for 40 mins by FLINT assay	ic50	0.3981	uM
4-[(3S)-1-hydroxy-7-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2,1-benzoxaborinin-3-yl]-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)benzenecarboximidamide;hydrochloride	1601464: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal 10-His-tagged KLK14 (Q19 to M248 residues) expressed in mouse NS0 cells using BOC-VPR-AMC as substrate incubated for 40 mins by FLINT assay	ic50	0.3981	uM
4-(1-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2,1-benzoxaborinin-3-yl)-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)benzenecarboximidamide;hydrochloride	1601464: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal 10-His-tagged KLK14 (Q19 to M248 residues) expressed in mouse NS0 cells using BOC-VPR-AMC as substrate incubated for 40 mins by FLINT assay	ic50	0.7943	uM
[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylsulfanyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-phenylmethanone	762640: Inhibition of human kallikrein 14 measured after 15 mins at pH 8 by fluorescence assay	ic50	0.9700	uM
(5-amino-3-pyridin-3-yl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-(4-methylphenyl)methanone	762640: Inhibition of human kallikrein 14 measured after 15 mins at pH 8 by fluorescence assay	ic50	1.2900	uM
2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methoxy]-4-(1-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2,1-benzoxaborinin-3-yl)benzenecarboximidamide;hydrochloride	1601464: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal 10-His-tagged KLK14 (Q19 to M248 residues) expressed in mouse NS0 cells using BOC-VPR-AMC as substrate incubated for 40 mins by FLINT assay	ic50	1.5849	uM
4-[(1-hydroxy-3H-2,1-benzoxaborol-3-yl)methyl]-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)benzenecarboximidamide;hydrochloride	1601464: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal 10-His-tagged KLK14 (Q19 to M248 residues) expressed in mouse NS0 cells using BOC-VPR-AMC as substrate incubated for 40 mins by FLINT assay	ic50	1.9953	uM
(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(7R,10S,13S,16S,22S,25S,28S,31R,34S,37S,45S,48S,51R)-51-acetamido-45-benzyl-10-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-34-(4-carbamimidamidobutyl)-13-(carboxymethyl)-48-(hydroxymethyl)-22,25,37-tris[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-9,12,15,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,44,47,50-tridecaoxo-28-propan-2-yl-5,53,58-trithia-8,11,14,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,43,46,49-tridecazapentacyclo[29.25.3.13,55.016,20.040,43]hexaconta-1(56),2,55(60)-triene-7-carbonyl]amino]propanoyl]-methylamino]acetyl]-methylamino]acetyl]-methylamino]acetyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoic acid	1455806: Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal 10His-tagged KLK14 (19 to 248 residues) expressed in mouse NS0 cells using fluorogenic Boc-VPR-AMC peptide as substrate by fluorescence based assay	ki	2.0000	uM
(3-amino-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-(4-methoxyphenyl)methanone	762640: Inhibition of human kallikrein 14 measured after 15 mins at pH 8 by fluorescence assay	ic50	3.4300	uM
4-[(5-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methylamino]-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)benzenecarboximidamide	1589828: Inhibition of recombinant C-terminal 10His-tagged human KLK14 (Gln19 to Met248 residues) expressed in mouse NS0 cells using BOC-VPR-AMC as substrate after 40 mins by fluorescence intensity assay	ic50	3.9811	uM
sodium [(2R)-3-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,5S,8S,11R,12S,15Z,18S,21R)-2,5-dibenzyl-8-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-15-ethylidene-21-hydroxy-4,11-dimethyl-3,6,9,13,16,22-hexaoxo-10-oxa-1,4,7,14,17-pentazabicyclo[16.3.1]docosan-12-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-2-methoxy-3-oxopropyl] sulfate	732085: Inhibition of Kallikrein-14 (unknown origin) using VPR-AMC substrate incubated for 15 mins prior to substrate addition measured for 2 hrs	ic50	10.0000	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

17 total (human), top 17 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
fluorene-9-bisphenol	increases expression	1
terbufos	increases methylation	1
fipronil	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
theaflavin-3,3’-digallate	affects expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Amiodarone	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	1
Copper	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
DEET	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Fonofos	increases methylation	1
Parathion	increases methylation	1
Rotenone	increases expression	1
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	increases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation	1
Cadmium Chloride	increases expression	1
beta-Naphthoflavone	increases expression	1
Lactic Acid	decreases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

22 unique, capped per target: 21 binding, 1 admet

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL2339090	Binding	Inhibition of Kallikrein-14 (unknown origin) using VPR-AMC substrate assessed as residual activity at 10 uM incubated for 15 mins prior to substrate addition measured for 2 hrs	Potent elastase inhibitors from cyanobacteria: structural basis and mechanisms mediating cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in bronchial epithelial cells. — J Med Chem
CHEMBL4388468	ADMET	Inhibition of recombinant C-terminal 10His-tagged human KLK14 (Gln19 to Met248 residues) expressed in mouse NS0 cells using BOC-VPR-AMC as substrate after 40 mins by fluorescence intensity assay	Structure guided drug design to develop kallikrein 5 inhibitors to treat Netherton syndrome. — Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

125 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02202382	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Male Infertility
NCT02204826	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Semen Parameters in Male Infertility Patients: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Study
NCT03802864	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Post-operative Pain Control of Testicular Sperm Extraction Using Liposomal Bupivacaine
NCT06100432	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Effect of Eurycoma Longifolia (DLBS5055) and Multivitamins (Vitamin C+Vitamin E+ β-carotene) for Infertile Males
NCT07523022	PHASE4	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Comparison of the Effect of Gonadotropin and Clomiphene Citrate Treatment on Sperm Parameters and the Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Procedures in Subfertile Men Based on the APHRODITE Groups
NCT00975117	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Spermotrend in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT01407432	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Impact of Folates in the Care of the Male Infertility
NCT01895816	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Herbal Tonic Fertile Supplement(ZO2C5)
NCT02605070	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Pilot Study on the Effects of FSH Treatment on the Epigenetic Characteristics of Spermatozoa in Infertile Patients With Severe Oligozoospermia
NCT07402759	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Impact of tdrd9 Gene Mutations in the Therapeutic Response to L-carnitine in Oligoasthenozoospermic Men
NCT01880086	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Low Testosterone Associated With Chronic Opioid Pain Medication Administration
NCT02061384	PHASE2	COMPLETED	RA-2 13-cis Retinoic Acid (Isotretinoin)
NCT02421887	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Males, Antioxidants, and Infertility Trial
NCT05200663	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Efficacy Comparison of Tamoxifen and Tamoxifen With Antioxidants on Semen Quality of Male With Idiopathic Infertility
NCT05290558	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	The Therapeutic Effects of Bu Shen Yi Jing Pill on Semen Quality in Sub Fertile Males: a Randomized Controlled Trial
NCT06091969	PHASE2	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Supplementation for Male Subfertility
NCT01595308	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Pomegranate Juice on Semen Parameters in Healthy Male Volunteers
NCT02122211	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Choline Dehydrogenase and Sperm Function: Effects of Betaine
NCT02575924	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Influence of Culture Media on Clinical Outcomes in Poor Responders or Severe Male Infertility
NCT01304927	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Vitamin D Supplementation and Male Infertility: The CBG-study a Randomized Clinical Trial
NCT02349945	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	FSH Receptor Polymorphism p.N680S and Efficacy of FSH Therapy
NCT05222841	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	The Effectiveness of Spermotrend Food Supplement in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT05616598	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effect of New Oral Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus on Seminal Parameters
NCT02025270	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	MSCs For Treatment of Azoospermic Patients
NCT04541459	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Validation of New Devices Against Ambient Electromagnetic Radiation
NCT05792813	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Efficacy and Safety of Linggui Yangyuan Paste in Patients With Male Infertility
NCT06188936	EARLY_PHASE1	COMPLETED	Home Semen Analysis Tests As a Screening Tool for Fertility Patients
NCT00012480	Not specified	COMPLETED	Effect of Environmental Exposures on the Egg Fertilizing Ability of Human Sperm
NCT00044369	Not specified	COMPLETED	Role of the Toxic Metal Cadmium in the Mechanism Producing Infertility With a Varicocele
NCT00119925	Not specified	UNKNOWN	‘SPRING’-Study: Subfertility Guidelines: Patient Related Implementation in the Netherlands Among Gynaecologists
NCT00178516	Not specified	COMPLETED	Vitamin E and Male Infertility
NCT00315029	Not specified	COMPLETED	Patient-Centered Implementation Trial for Single Embryo Transfer
NCT00341120	Not specified	COMPLETED	Genetic Causes of Male Infertility
NCT00481403	Not specified	COMPLETED	Study of Sperm Molecular Factors Implicated in Male Fertility
NCT00548977	Not specified	COMPLETED	Genetic Studies Spermatogenic Failure
NCT00596739	Not specified	COMPLETED	A Study of the Pre- and Post-operative Semen Analyses and Reproductive Hormone Levels of Men Undergoing Weight-reduction Surgery
NCT00756561	Not specified	COMPLETED	HOP-2A - Intratesticular Hormone Levels
NCT00961558	Not specified	TERMINATED	Canadian Varicocelectomy Initiative (CVI): Effects on Male Fertility and Testicular Function of Varicocelectomy
NCT01075334	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Is a Carnitine Based Food Supplement (PorimoreTM) for Infertile Men Superior to Folate and Zinc With Regard to Pregnancy Rates in Intrauterine Insemination Cycles?
NCT01178463	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Spermatogonial Stem Cells in Azoospermic Patients: a Comparison Between Obstructive and Non-obstructive Azoospermia

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.