KLLN

Summary

KLLN (killin, p53 regulated DNA replication inhibitor, HGNC:37212) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 10q23, encoding Killin (B2CW77). DNA-binding protein involved in S phase checkpoint control-coupled apoptosis by mediating p53/TP53-induced apoptosis.

The protein encoded by this intronless gene is found in the nucleus, where it can inhibit DNA synthesis and promote S phase arrest coupled to apoptosis. The expression of this DNA binding protein is upregulated by transcription factor p53.

Source: NCBI Gene 100144748 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): Cowden disease (Supportive, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 330 total — 7 pathogenic, 2 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 61
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001126049

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:37212
Approved symbol	KLLN
Name	killin, p53 regulated DNA replication inhibitor
Location	10q23
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	killin
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000227268
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	612105
Entrez	100144748

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000445946

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001126049 NM_001126049

CCDS: CCDS44454

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000445946 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001618472	87859158	87863533

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 149 present calls, max score 83.21.

Top tissues by expression

253 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	83.21	silver quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	78.39	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	78.19	silver quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	76.99	silver quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	74.26	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	73.79	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	70.81	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	70.70	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	70.16	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	69.93	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	69.92	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	69.76	silver quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	68.09	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	66.20	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	64.44	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	64.27	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	64.19	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	64.15	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	63.53	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	63.46	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	62.13	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	61.87	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	61.06	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	60.86	gold quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	60.27	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	60.14	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	59.98	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	59.93	silver quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	58.93	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	58.75	silver quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-CURD-97	yes	87.48
E-ANND-3	no	0.65

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

98 targeting KLLN, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3646	100.00	73.56	5283
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-6833-3P	100.00	70.63	3197
HSA-MIR-4768-5P	100.00	69.49	2861
HSA-MIR-9-5P	100.00	72.28	2361
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-181A-5P	99.99	72.96	2995
HSA-MIR-181B-5P	99.99	72.97	2996
HSA-MIR-181C-5P	99.99	72.95	2996
HSA-MIR-181D-5P	99.99	73.04	2997
HSA-MIR-8068	99.98	73.85	2376
HSA-MIR-373-5P	99.98	75.36	4753
HSA-MIR-616-5P	99.98	75.58	4775
HSA-MIR-548AN	99.97	70.91	2817
HSA-MIR-9-3P	99.96	70.88	2068
HSA-MIR-4267	99.96	66.53	2368
HSA-MIR-4666A-3P	99.96	71.71	3434
HSA-MIR-4753-3P	99.90	71.03	3786
HSA-MIR-124-3P	99.89	73.74	3043
HSA-MIR-506-3P	99.89	73.55	3057
HSA-MIR-6124	99.87	69.78	3551
HSA-MIR-629-3P	99.85	67.99	1875
HSA-MIR-4728-5P	99.85	69.39	4718
HSA-MIR-4307	99.82	70.45	3374
HSA-MIR-6785-5P	99.82	68.68	4428
HSA-MIR-3133	99.81	70.92	3506
HSA-MIR-204-5P	99.79	71.62	2439
HSA-MIR-211-5P	99.79	71.65	2440
HSA-MIR-2681-5P	99.75	67.64	1655

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 19)

• Killin is a p53-regulated nuclear inhibitor of DNA synthesis with high affinity of DNA binding. (PMID:18385383)
• results support Killin as a missing link between p53 activation and S phase checkpoint control designed to eliminate replicating precancerous cells, should they escape G(1) blockade mediated by p21. (PMID:18385383)
• Germline KILLIN methylation is common among patients with Cowden syndrome or Cowden-like syndrome and is associated with increased risks of breast and renal cancer over PTEN mutation-positive individuals (PMID:21177507)
• 19 of 20 advanced RCC showed somatic hypermethylation upstream of KILLIN (PMID:21584899)
• Cowden syndrome patients have elevated risks of papillary thyroid cancer from KLLN alterations. (PMID:21956414)
• Pathogenic mutations in KLLN are rare in breast cancer families and the c.339_340delAG variant does not represent a high-penetrance breast cancer risk allele. (PMID:22580995)
• KLLN is a transcription factor directly regulating AR, TP53, and TP73 expression, with a role in prostate carcinogenesis. (PMID:23386643)
• We demonstrate, in vitro and in murine xenograph models, that both KLLN and PTEN are AR-target genes, mediating androgen-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. (PMID:23418309)
• Germline KLLN mutations dysregulate the cell cycle at G2. (PMID:23446638)
• Data indicate that NVP-BEZ235-induced androgen receptor (AR) suppression resulted in decreased expression of both tumor suppressor proteins PTEN and KLLN in AR+/ER+ breast cancer cells. (PMID:24356815)
• Nuclear KLLN expression associates with improved relapse-free survival for prostate carcinoma (PMID:24972837)
• Germline promoter hypermethylation of KLLN is associated with particular malignant and benign Cowden syndrome features, which is dependent on the PTEN mutation status. (PMID:25669429)
• Killin has a role in competitively inhibiting the formation of DNA replication forks during S-phase, as well as potentially negatively regulate RNA synthesis during other cell cycle phases (PMID:25945611)
• The results suggest a critical role for KLLN as a potential regulator of pericentric heterochromatin formation, genomic stability and gene expression. (PMID:26673699)
• overexpression of microRNA-224 enhanced the proliferation abilities of HO8910 and knockdown of microRNA-224 suppressed the proliferation abilities of HO8910PM by KLLN-cyclin A pathway. (PMID:27663866)
• Data suggest that low levels of PTEN and KLLN are associated with both sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma and multi-nodular goiter (as compared to control subjects); however, PTEN and KLLN should not be considered as circulating biomarkers for differential diagnosis between malignancy and benignity in indeterminate thyroid nodules. (PTEN = phosphatase and tensin homolog; KLLN = DNA replication inhibitor killin) (PMID:28755140)
• MiR-744-3p regulates the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes through targeting KLLN in psoriasis (PMID:30664260)
• New evidence on tumor suppressor activity of PTEN and KLLN in papillary thyroid carcinoma. (PMID:34425332)
• EBF2 Links KMT2D-Mediated H3K4me1 to Suppress Pancreatic Cancer Progression via Upregulating KLLN. (PMID:38015024)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Protein

Protein identifiers

Killin — B2CW77 (reviewed: B2CW77)

All UniProt accessions (1): B2CW77

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. DNA-binding protein involved in S phase checkpoint control-coupled apoptosis by mediating p53/TP53-induced apoptosis. Has the ability to inhibit DNA synthesis and S phase arrest coupled to apoptosis. Has affinity to both double- and single-stranded DNA.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Disease relevance. Cowden syndrome 4 (CWS4) [MIM:615107] A form of Cowden syndrome, a hamartomatous polyposis syndrome with age-related penetrance. Cowden syndrome is characterized by hamartomatous lesions affecting derivatives of ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal layers, macrocephaly, facial trichilemmomas (benign tumors of the hair follicle infundibulum), acral keratoses, papillomatous papules, and elevated risk for development of several types of malignancy, particularly breast carcinoma in women and thyroid carcinoma in both men and women. Colon cancer and renal cell carcinoma have also been reported. Hamartomas can be found in virtually every organ, but most commonly in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, breast and thyroid. The gene represented in this entry is involved in disease pathogenesis. Germline KLLN methylation is common among patients with Cowden syndrome or Cowden-like syndrome and is associated with increased risks of breast and renal cancer over PTEN mutation-positive individuals.

Induction. By p53/TP53; direct transcription target of p53/TP53.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001119521* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

UniProt features (2 total): chain 1, DNA-binding region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-B2CW77-F1	51.20	0.00

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 183 (showing top): GSE45365_CD8A_DC_VS_CD11B_DC_IFNAR_KO_DN, GSE45365_HEALTHY_VS_MCMV_INFECTION_CD8_TCELL_IFNAR_KO_DN, GOCC_NUCLEOLUS, chr10q23, CIITA_TARGET_GENES, GTF2E2_TARGET_GENES, HMG20B_TARGET_GENES, SALL4_TARGET_GENES, SKIL_TARGET_GENES, TAF9B_TARGET_GENES, ZNF146_TARGET_GENES, ZNF282_TARGET_GENES, ZNF524_TARGET_GENES, ZNF561_TARGET_GENES, ZNF596_TARGET_GENES

GO Biological Process (1): apoptotic process (GO:0006915)

GO Molecular Function (1): DNA binding (GO:0003677)

GO Cellular Component (3): nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), nucleolus (GO:0005730), nucleus (GO:0005634)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
nuclear lumen	2
programmed cell death	1
apoptotic signaling pathway	1
execution phase of apoptosis	1
nucleic acid binding	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

230 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
KLLN	SEC23B	Q15437	507
KLLN	PTEN	P60484	507
KLLN	SLC16A12	Q6ZSM3	474
KLLN	SDHB	P21912	437
KLLN	SLITRK6	Q9H5Y7	404
KLLN	SDHD	O14521	398
KLLN	USF3	Q68DE3	395
KLLN	SLITRK1	Q96PX8	390
KLLN	FLCN	Q8NFG4	355
KLLN	TP73	O15350	352
KLLN	TP53	P04637	348
KLLN	PIK3CA	P42336	328
KLLN	CHFR	Q96EP1	305
KLLN	LIPK	Q5VXJ0	303
KLLN	LIPJ	Q5W064	298

IntAct

0 interactions, top by confidence:

BioGRID (4): KLLN (Positive Genetic), KLLN (Positive Genetic), KLLN (Affinity Capture-RNA), KLLN (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS))

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1B0GUV1, A1L4Q6, A2RUQ5, A6NEH8, A6NH13, A8MZ25, B2CW77, B7Z368, O83993, P03294, P06926, P0C044, P0C045, P0C7V0, P0CG42, P0CG43, P0DXC1, P10200, P11300, P16819, P40205, P75410, Q03352, Q1R1V4, Q1W209, Q5T5F5, Q5TG53, Q5W150, Q6UXP9, Q6ZS52, Q6ZSK4, Q6ZSR3, Q6ZTY9, Q71F78, Q8IYB0, Q8N319, Q8N814, Q8N8V8, Q8N9X3, Q8NBB2

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Cancer significance

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

330 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	7
Likely pathogenic	2
Uncertain significance	283
Likely benign	19
Benign	7

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (9)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1068715	NC_000010.10:g.(?89621800)(89693018_?)del	Pathogenic
2422862	NC_000010.10:g.(?89621800)(89685324_?)del	Pathogenic
40164	NG_033079.1:g.4675_4964|gom	Pathogenic
584103	NC_000010.10:g.(?89622928)(89712026_?)del	Pathogenic
646972	NC_000010.11:g.(?86838866)(87965482_?)del	Pathogenic
830565	NC_000010.11:g.(?87863161)(87894129_?)del	Pathogenic
832889	NC_000010.11:g.(?87552082)(88768928_?)del	Pathogenic
3780926	NM_000314.8(PTEN):c.-1111A>G	Likely pathogenic
3780928	NM_000314.8(PTEN):c.-1239A>G	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

100 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
10:87863244:G:C	donor_gain	1.0000
10:87863202:AC:A	donor_gain	0.9800
10:87863203:CC:C	donor_gain	0.9800
10:87863207:G:A	donor_gain	0.9700
10:87863257:G:A	donor_gain	0.9700
10:87863210:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9400
10:87863243:AG:A	donor_gain	0.9100
10:87863243:AGCT:A	donor_gain	0.9000
10:87863334:C:T	donor_gain	0.8900
10:87863333:GCAGC:G	donor_gain	0.8800
10:87863251:AT:A	donor_gain	0.8700
10:87863283:C:T	donor_gain	0.8500
10:87863337:C:G	donor_gain	0.8400
10:87863354:A:AG	donor_gain	0.8400
10:87863355:G:GG	donor_gain	0.8400
10:87863197:AGCCT:A	donor_loss	0.7800
10:87863198:GCCTA:G	donor_loss	0.7800
10:87863199:CCTA:C	donor_loss	0.7800
10:87863200:CT:C	donor_loss	0.7800
10:87863201:TA:T	donor_loss	0.7800
10:87863202:A:AT	donor_loss	0.7800
10:87863203:CCCTG:C	donor_gain	0.7600
10:87863243:A:AC	donor_gain	0.7600
10:87863253:C:A	donor_gain	0.7500
10:87863396:C:G	donor_gain	0.7500
10:87863202:A:AC	donor_gain	0.7300
10:87863203:C:CC	donor_gain	0.7300
10:87863204:C:G	donor_loss	0.7300
10:87863347:C:T	donor_gain	0.7200
10:87863351:C:G	donor_gain	0.7100

AlphaMissense

1125 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
10:87862305:G:C	F61L	0.976
10:87862305:G:T	F61L	0.976
10:87862307:A:G	F61L	0.976
10:87862260:G:C	F76L	0.972
10:87862260:G:T	F76L	0.972
10:87862262:A:G	F76L	0.972
10:87862338:C:A	W50C	0.945
10:87862338:C:G	W50C	0.945
10:87862261:A:C	F76C	0.900
10:87862340:A:G	W50R	0.900
10:87862340:A:T	W50R	0.900
10:87862264:T:A	K75I	0.874
10:87862334:C:G	D52H	0.872
10:87862350:G:C	F46L	0.872
10:87862350:G:T	F46L	0.872
10:87862352:A:G	F46L	0.872
10:87862306:A:C	F61C	0.860
10:87862261:A:G	F76S	0.855
10:87862377:C:A	W37C	0.849
10:87862377:C:G	W37C	0.849
10:87862332:A:C	D52E	0.842
10:87862332:A:T	D52E	0.842
10:87862263:T:A	K75N	0.841
10:87862263:T:G	K75N	0.841
10:87862306:A:G	F61S	0.839
10:87862083:C:A	K135N	0.833
10:87862083:C:G	K135N	0.833
10:87862335:C:A	K51N	0.824
10:87862335:C:G	K51N	0.824
10:87862339:C:A	W50L	0.815

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000211398 (10:87864412 C>A,G,T), RS1000303263 (10:87864169 C>G,T), RS1000597070 (10:87858718 T>C), RS1000874630 (10:87858921 G>A), RS1001536546 (10:87863872 C>G,T), RS1001546318 (10:87862050 G>A), RS1001571902 (10:87864141 C>G,T), RS1001879832 (10:87860400 C>T), RS1002029131 (10:87861723 C>A), RS1002542088 (10:87862746 A>G), RS1003575278 (10:87861989 G>A), RS1004873079 (10:87862292 G>A), RS1005468817 (10:87860767 T>A), RS1005788190 (10:87861133 G>C), RS1006341301 (10:87862687 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:612105 | disease phenotypes: MIM:158350, MIM:605309, MIM:607174, MIM:613028, MIM:615107, MIM:276950, MIM:176807, MIM:612555

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
Cowden disease	Supportive	Autosomal dominant
Cowden syndrome 4	No Known Disease Relationship	Unknown

Mondo (13): PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (MONDO:0017623), hereditary neoplastic syndrome (MONDO:0015356), Cowden syndrome 1 (MONDO:0008021), prostate cancer (MONDO:0008315), macrocephaly-autism syndrome (MONDO:0011537), familial meningioma (MONDO:0011789), glioma susceptibility 2 (MONDO:0013092), Cowden syndrome 4 (MONDO:0014046), VACTERL with hydrocephalus (MONDO:0010172), prostate cancer, hereditary (MONDO:0700275), breast-ovarian cancer, familial, susceptibility to, 2 (MONDO:0012933), generalized juvenile polyposis/juvenile polyposis coli (MONDO:0008276), Cowden disease (MONDO:0016063)

Orphanet (10): PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (Orphanet:306498), Inherited cancer-predisposing syndrome (Orphanet:140162), Familial prostate cancer (Orphanet:1331), Glial tumor (Orphanet:182067), Cowden syndrome (Orphanet:201), Macrocephaly-intellectual disability-autism syndrome (Orphanet:210548), Familial multiple meningioma (Orphanet:263662), VACTERL with hydrocephalus (Orphanet:3412), Hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndrome (Orphanet:145), Generalized juvenile polyposis/juvenile polyposis coli (Orphanet:329971)

HPO phenotypes

61 total (30 of 61 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000036	Abnormal penis morphology
HP:0000077	Abnormality of the kidney
HP:0000130	Abnormality of the uterus
HP:0000158	Macroglossia
HP:0000218	High palate
HP:0000221	Furrowed tongue
HP:0000256	Macrocephaly
HP:0000365	Hearing impairment
HP:0000518	Cataract
HP:0000545	Myopia
HP:0000717	Autism
HP:0000767	Pectus excavatum
HP:0000771	Gynecomastia
HP:0000820	Abnormality of the thyroid gland
HP:0000853	Goiter
HP:0000982	Palmoplantar keratoderma
HP:0000995	Melanocytic nevus
HP:0001048	Cavernous hemangioma
HP:0001053	Hypopigmented skin patches
HP:0001156	Brachydactyly
HP:0001249	Intellectual disability
HP:0001250	Seizure
HP:0001251	Ataxia
HP:0001263	Global developmental delay
HP:0001317	Abnormal cerebellum morphology
HP:0001482	Subcutaneous nodule
HP:0001508	Failure to thrive
HP:0002516	Increased intracranial pressure
HP:0002650	Scoliosis
HP:0002664	Neoplasm

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST004346_46	Psoriasis	3.000000e-08

MeSH disease descriptors (6)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D006223	Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple	C04.445.435; C04.651.435; C04.700.435; C16.320.700.435
D009386	Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary	C04.700; C16.320.700
D011471	Prostatic Neoplasms	C04.588.945.440.770; C12.100.500.260.750; C12.100.500.565.625; C12.200.294.260.750; C12.200.294.565.625; C12.200.758.409.750; C12.900.619.750
C565342	Macrocephaly Autism Syndrome (supp.)
C537443	Meningioma, familial (supp.)
C537243	Prostate cancer, familial (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

19 total (human), top 19 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Doxorubicin	affects expression, increases expression	2
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
propionaldehyde	increases expression	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression	1
aflatoxin B2	decreases methylation	1
polyhexamethyleneguanidine	affects expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
nutlin 3	increases expression	1
jinfukang	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
NSC668394	increases expression	1
Sunitinib	increases expression	1
Cisplatin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene	decreases expression	1
Estradiol	affects expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	1
Tunicamycin	increases expression	1
Urethane	decreases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation	1
Okadaic Acid	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

311 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT03306446	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Changing the coUrse of cRohn’s Disease With an Early Use of Adalimumab
NCT00029224	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment With Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Breast Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Prostate Cancer With Cancer Related Bone Lesions
NCT00035997	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Trial on the Effect of I.V. Zoledronic Acid 4 mg on Bone Density in Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastasis
NCT00063609	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Loss in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy
NCT00103623	PHASE4	SUSPENDED	The Plenaxis® Experience Study
NCT00106392	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Safety and Efficacy Study of Prograf in the Prevention of Erectile Dysfunction After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT00185029	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	MR-Lymphography and Lymph Node Staging in Prostate Cancer
NCT00199485	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Angelica Sinensis for the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Men Undergoing LHRH Therapy for Prostate Cancer
NCT00219219	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Zoledronic Acid in the Prevention of Skeletal-related Events in Hormone Refractory and Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastases
NCT00219271	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Zoledronic Acid On Circulating And Bone Marrow-Residing Prostate Cancer Cells In Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
NCT00237146	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate Zoledronic Acid on Quality of Life and Skeletal-related Events as Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Hormone-naïve Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastasis Who Have Undergone Orchiectomy
NCT00242554	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Phase IV Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases
NCT00280098	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Docetaxel in the Treatment of Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer
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