LECT2

Summary

LECT2 (leukocyte cell derived chemotaxin 2, HGNC:6550) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 5q31.1, encoding Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (O14960). Has a neutrophil chemotactic activity.

This gene encodes a secreted, 16 kDa protein that acts as a chemotactic factor to neutrophils and stimulates the growth of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. This protein has high sequence similarity to the chondromodulin repeat regions of the chicken myb-induced myeloid 1 protein. A polymorphism in this gene may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

Source: NCBI Gene 3950 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 20 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_002302

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:6550
Approved symbol	LECT2
Name	leukocyte cell derived chemotaxin 2
Location	5q31.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	chm-II, chm2
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000145826
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	602882
Entrez	3950

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 5 — 4 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000274507, ENST00000471827, ENST00000512872, ENST00000514447, ENST00000522943

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_002302 NM_002302

CCDS: CCDS4190

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000274507 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000972531	135952871	135952967
ENSE00001044316	135954788	135954983
ENSE00001124654	135946904	135947497
ENSE00003472464	135951223	135951368

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 156 present calls, max score 98.35.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.3041 / max 139.7830, expressed in 7 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (5 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
63564	0.1687	7
63567	0.0522	7
63565	0.0321	6
63566	0.0272	6
203698	0.0240	6

Top tissues by expression

288 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	98.35	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	95.99	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	95.26	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	82.63	silver quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	81.46	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	80.56	silver quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	76.58	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	76.26	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	74.77	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	71.33	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	69.64	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	64.69	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	63.32	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	60.27	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	58.79	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	57.17	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	56.65	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	55.24	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	55.06	gold quality
metanephros	UBERON:0000081	54.29	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	53.71	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	53.35	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	53.21	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	52.92	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	52.82	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	52.58	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	52.45	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	52.42	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	52.22	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	52.12	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	2.93

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CTNNB1, FOXN1, MBD2

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

26 targeting LECT2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4668-3P	100.00	68.74	2635
HSA-MIR-6759-5P	99.99	66.54	785
HSA-MIR-511-3P	99.99	68.85	1467
HSA-MIR-4482-3P	99.98	72.50	3147
HSA-MIR-551B-5P	99.96	71.28	3493
HSA-MIR-539-5P	99.93	70.30	2855
HSA-MIR-4698	99.84	71.41	4303
HSA-MIR-2052	99.79	69.37	2031
HSA-MIR-586	99.65	70.40	2051
HSA-MIR-578	99.46	68.36	1787
HSA-MIR-4251	99.40	69.19	3363
HSA-MIR-542-3P	99.34	67.58	1270
HSA-MIR-4504	99.10	69.14	1328
HSA-MIR-10B-3P	99.04	66.98	988
HSA-MIR-7151-3P	99.04	69.72	2370
HSA-MIR-4424	98.91	70.33	1145
HSA-MIR-4709-3P	98.88	68.04	1594
HSA-MIR-4635	98.74	67.63	1339
HSA-MIR-96-3P	97.47	68.03	839
HSA-MIR-7161-3P	96.79	68.79	798
HSA-MIR-1225-5P	96.76	66.85	417
HSA-MIR-6857-3P	96.70	65.43	915
HSA-MIR-1236-5P	96.62	66.38	856
HSA-MIR-4256	96.22	67.70	669
HSA-MIR-759	96.16	66.77	873
HSA-MIR-11181-5P	96.12	67.46	665

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• LECT2, which encodes a protein with chemotactic properties for human neutrophils, is a direct target gene of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in the liver. (PMID:15239100)
• LECT2 participates in liver regeneration and injury following hepatectomy. (PMID:15561248)
• Serum LECT2 levels may be a prognostic indicator of recovery from liver failure. (PMID:15561249)
• LECT2-associated renal amyloidosis represents a unique and perhaps not uncommon disease, especially in Mexican Americans. (PMID:20951486)
• Re-expression of LECT2 significantly reduced the migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and significantly reduced their growth in vivo. (PMID:21394108)
• preliminary X-ray analysis of human leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2). (PMID:23519812)
• These findings reveal a novel, specific inhibitory function of LECT2 in hepatocellular carcinoma by the direct binding and inactivation of MET. (PMID:24114941)
• The study indicates that serum LECT2 levels are increased by obesity and fatty liver, and suggests that LECT2 is a novel obesity-related protein. (PMID:24390366)
• ALect2 is a common cause of hepatic amyloidosis in the population of the United States, and subtyping hepatic amyloid deposits by an accurate analytic method such as MS is required for optimal clinical management of hepatic amyloidosis patients (PMID:24415538)
• Amyloidosis derived from leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 (ALECT2) is a recently described disease. Here, we report the characteristics and outcome of 72 patients with renal ALECT2, which included 19 who had another kidney disease on biopsy. (PMID:24451324)
• These results demonstrate the involvement of LECT2 in glucose metabolism and suggest that LECT2 may be a therapeutic target for obesity-associated insulin resistance. (PMID:24478397)
• There were no mutations detected in the LECT2 gene, although all renal leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 amyloidosis patients tested were homozygous for the G nucleotide in a non-synonymous SNP at position 172. (PMID:24522497)
• The data from this study show that weak LECT2 staining should be regarded as indeterminate or a negative result and does not per se allow diagnosis of specific amyloid type. The diagnosis of LECT2 renal amyloidosis may require LMD/MS confirmation. (PMID:24792621)
• LECT2 is regulated by beta-catenin in HCC in both mice and men, but serum LECT2 reflects beta-catenin activity only in mice. Serum LECT2 could be a potential biomarker of HCC in patients. (PMID:24892551)
• First Nations people from British Columbia who presented with chronic kidney disease, were found to be due to LECT2 amyloidosis. (PMID:25064673)
• LECT2 immunostain is useful in confirming subtype of amyloid within the liver in ALECT2.. (PMID:25602789)
• Localized LECT2 amyloidosis of the adrenal gland with coexisting MGUS: a diagnostic challenge. (PMID:26048244)
• ALECT2, which was initially thought to affect mainly Hispanics in the United States, appears to represent an important and likely underrecognized etiology of chronic kidney disease among Egyptians and probably in other ethnic groups around the world (PMID:26867784)
• LECT2 amyloidosis is prevalent among Hispanic decedents in New Mexico. (PMID:26912093)
• LECT2 was found to be catalytically inactive as a metalloendopeptidase against various types of peptide sequences, including pentaglycine. (PMID:27334921)
• findings indicated that serum LECT2 level is negatively associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy and suggest that low circulating LECT2 level is a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy (PMID:27816666)
• the tissue levels of THBS2 and LECT-2 may correlate with the stage of atherosclerosis. (PMID:28039493)
• VFA was the strongest predictor of plasma LECT2 that is a potential biomarker linking visceral obesity to dyslipidemia (PMID:28278265)
• Circulating LECT2 concentrations were increased in individuals with NAFLD and those with MetS, but not in those with atherosclerosis. The relationship between LECT2 and both NAFLD and MetS might be mediated by its association with abdominal obesity and lipid metabolism. (PMID:28376109)
• Overexpression of LECT2 or treatment with a recombinant LECT2 protein impaired the colony-forming ability and motility of non-small cell lung cancer cells harboring high levels of activated EGFR and MET. (PMID:30453282)
• Data indicate the explicit amyloidogenic core of human leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 (LECT2) and pinpoints regions with distinct amyloidogenic properties. (PMID:31170474)
• This study reports novel findings on the important role of LECT2/Tie1 signaling in pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. The serum LECT2 level may represent a potential diagnostic marker for liver fibrosis, and more importantly, LECT2 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis. (PMID:31474362)
• Down-regulation of LECT2 promotes osteogenic differentiation of MSCs via activating Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. (PMID:32763823)
• Plasma half-life and tissue distribution of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 in mice. (PMID:32764719)
• Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 promotes the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through STAT-1 pathway in mice. (PMID:33555112)
• Loss of bound zinc facilitates amyloid fibril formation of leukocyte-cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2). (PMID:33617884)
• Plasma Leukocyte Cell-Derived Chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) as a Risk Factor of Coronary Artery Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. (PMID:34318706)
• Serum leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 level is associated with atopic dermatitis patients. (PMID:34763463)
• Endoplasmic reticulum stress increases LECT2 expression via ATF4. (PMID:34808500)
• Adipose tissue LECT2 expression is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in Korean women. (PMID:35722819)
• Serum Leukocyte Cell-Derived Chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) Level Is Associated with Osteoporosis. (PMID:35976970)
• Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma. (PMID:36055405)
• Cryo-EM structure of a human LECT2 amyloid fibril reveals a network of polar ladders at its core. (PMID:37657439)
• Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 correlates with pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. (PMID:37877453)
• Role of LECT2 in exacerbating atopic dermatitis: insight from in vivo and in vitro models via NF-kappaB signaling pathway. (PMID:39206203)

Cross-species orthologs

6 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	lect2.1	ENSDARG00000033227
danio_rerio	lect2.3	ENSDARG00000086483
danio_rerio	lect2.2	ENSDARG00000090889
mus_musculus	Lect2	ENSMUSG00000021539
rattus_norvegicus	Lect2	ENSRNOG00000012189
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00019407

Protein

Protein identifiers

Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 — O14960 (reviewed: O14960)

All UniProt accessions (4): D6RD58, D6RGX8, E5RHW6, O14960

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Has a neutrophil chemotactic activity. Also a positive regulator of chondrocyte proliferation. Does not show metalloendopeptidase activity.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with MET.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Highly expressed in adult and fetal liver and weakly in testis. Not expressed in bone marrow.

Induction. By phytohemagglutinin (PHA).

Similarity. Belongs to the LECT2/MIM-1 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_002293* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR008663	LECT2	Family
IPR011055	Dup_hybrid_motif	Homologous_superfamily
IPR016047	M23ase_b-sheet_dom	Domain
IPR017381	LECT2_chordata	Family

Pfam: PF01551

UniProt features (22 total): strand 10, binding site 3, disulfide bond 3, helix 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, sequence variant 1, mutagenesis site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

9 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
7N2I	ELECTRON CRYSTALLOGRAPHY	1.4
5B0H	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.94
9WL6	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	1.95
9WL5	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	1.96
9NON	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.4
8G2V	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.71
9WL7	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.93
9WL9	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.05
9WL8	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.09

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-O14960-F1	92.82	0.85

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (3): 53; 57; 138

Disulfide bonds (3): 25–60, 36–41, 99–142

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1):

Position	Phenotype
104	no metalloendopeptidase activity.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 95 (showing top): GOBP_SKELETAL_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, LEE_LIVER_CANCER_CIPROFIBRATE_DN, MORF_RAD51L3, GOBP_TAXIS, MORF_CTSB, ACEVEDO_LIVER_TUMOR_VS_NORMAL_ADJACENT_TISSUE_DN, GATA6_01, MORF_IL4, MORF_PRKCA, GNF2_HPX, MODULE_88, PU1_Q6, LEE_LIVER_CANCER_ACOX1_DN, LEE_LIVER_CANCER_E2F1_DN, HNF1_01

GO Biological Process (2): skeletal system development (GO:0001501), chemotaxis (GO:0006935)

GO Molecular Function (3): identical protein binding (GO:0042802), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (3): obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), extracellular region (GO:0005576)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	2
system development	1
response to chemical	1
taxis	1
protein binding	1
cation binding	1
binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

720 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
LECT2	CNMD	O75829	910
LECT2	TIE1	P35590	752
LECT2	CEBPA	P49715	530
LECT2	SELENOP	P49908	507
LECT2	AHSG	P02765	503
LECT2	ANGPTL6	Q8NI99	496
LECT2	FGL1	Q08830	469
LECT2	SAA1	P02735	450
LECT2	FGF21	Q9NSA1	434
LECT2	SAA1	P02735	428
LECT2	A0A096LPE2	A0A096LPE2	410
LECT2	SAA4	P35542	409
LECT2	TXNDC15	Q96J42	377
LECT2	GLUL	P15104	370
LECT2	ENHO	Q6UWT2	370

IntAct

9 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
LECT2	LECT2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
LECT2	NPM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
LECT2	RSL1D1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	LECT2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
LECT2	ITIH2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
LECT2	APOD	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (23): RSL1D1 (Proximity Label-MS), NPM1 (Proximity Label-MS), THUMPD3 (Affinity Capture-MS), GID4 (Affinity Capture-MS), RMND5A (Affinity Capture-MS), WDR26 (Affinity Capture-MS), AKAP11 (Affinity Capture-MS), DICER1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ITIH2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZMYND19 (Affinity Capture-MS), UBAC1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MKLN1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAEA (Affinity Capture-MS), RNF123 (Affinity Capture-MS), CSPG4 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0W0FPC8, A1CC33, B8N7Z6, C0JAR9, C0JAS1, C0JAS2, C0JAS3, C0JAS4, C0JAU4, C0JAU8, C0JAU9, C0JAX5, D4AUH1, O14960, O62644, O88803, P08940, P45582, P48981, P49676, Q00662, Q10NX8, Q10RB4, Q2FYD8, Q2U1H5, Q2UI81, Q4R1C4, Q4ZD58, Q67VU7, Q6DW73, Q6ZJJ0, Q75HQ3, Q7G3T8, Q875I9, Q8GX69, Q8NK76, Q8W0A1, Q8WPJ2, Q9C6W4, Q9FN08

Diamond homologs: O14960, O62644, O88803, P08940

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

20 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	15
Likely benign	1
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

374 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
5:135951366:CTT:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:135951374:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:135952968:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
5:135954781:GACTT:G	donor_loss	0.9900
5:135954782:ACTTA:A	donor_loss	0.9900
5:135954783:CTTAC:C	donor_loss	0.9900
5:135954784:TTAC:T	donor_loss	0.9900
5:135954785:TACCG:T	donor_loss	0.9900
5:135954786:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
5:135954786:ACCGG:A	donor_loss	0.9900
5:135954787:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
5:135951209:TC:T	donor_gain	0.9800
5:135951210:CC:C	donor_gain	0.9800
5:135951217:TCTTA:T	donor_loss	0.9800
5:135951218:CTTA:C	donor_loss	0.9800
5:135951219:TTAC:T	donor_loss	0.9800
5:135951220:TACCT:T	donor_loss	0.9800
5:135951221:A:AG	donor_loss	0.9800
5:135951222:C:T	donor_loss	0.9800
5:135951222:CCT:C	donor_gain	0.9800
5:135951374:A:AC	acceptor_gain	0.9800
5:135952965:GTGC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9800
5:135952966:TGCT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9800
5:135952966:TGCTA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9800
5:135952967:GCTA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9800
5:135952967:GCTAA:G	acceptor_loss	0.9800
5:135951367:TT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9700
5:135951369:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9700
5:135952963:CAGTG:C	acceptor_gain	0.9700
5:135952964:AGTGC:A	acceptor_gain	0.9700

AlphaMissense

977 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
5:135951302:G:C	F70L	0.986
5:135951302:G:T	F70L	0.986
5:135951304:A:G	F70L	0.986
5:135951332:G:C	C60W	0.977
5:135951240:A:T	V91D	0.976
5:135951333:C:G	C60S	0.973
5:135951334:A:T	C60S	0.973
5:135951303:A:G	F70S	0.972
5:135951334:A:G	C60R	0.971
5:135951333:C:T	C60Y	0.970
5:135952951:C:A	W21C	0.968
5:135952951:C:G	W21C	0.968
5:135951303:A:C	F70C	0.966
5:135947362:C:G	C142S	0.965
5:135947363:A:T	C142S	0.965
5:135947425:C:T	G121E	0.963
5:135951309:G:T	A68E	0.963
5:135952940:C:G	C25S	0.961
5:135952941:A:T	C25S	0.961
5:135951315:A:T	V66E	0.960
5:135947371:A:T	I139N	0.959
5:135947488:A:T	V100D	0.959
5:135947426:C:G	G121R	0.958
5:135947426:C:T	G121R	0.958
5:135947428:A:T	L120H	0.956
5:135951243:C:T	G90D	0.955
5:135947377:A:T	V137E	0.954
5:135951343:C:G	D57H	0.952
5:135947381:G:C	H136D	0.951
5:135951342:T:A	D57V	0.951

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000208019 (5:135953801 T>G), RS1000845122 (5:135951721 GAAA>G,GAAAA), RS1001107852 (5:135948319 A>G), RS1001319621 (5:135951094 A>G), RS1001478138 (5:135956846 C>G,T), RS1001884041 (5:135955287 C>T), RS1002380151 (5:135949458 C>G), RS1002481269 (5:135955605 C>T), RS1002757129 (5:135949774 G>A), RS1002803129 (5:135946679 A>G), RS1002860235 (5:135954693 A>G), RS1003060117 (5:135952082 A>G), RS1003190451 (5:135955899 T>C), RS1003396525 (5:135952383 C>G), RS1003783104 (5:135950299 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:602882 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST006585_2537	Blood protein levels	4.000000e-33

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs2107506	LECT2		0.00	0

CTD chemical–gene interactions

8 total (human), top 8 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
pirinixic acid	affects binding, decreases expression, increases activity	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Diethylhexyl Phthalate	increases expression	1
Rotenone	increases expression	1
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	affects expression	1
Valproic Acid	decreases expression	1
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.