LGALS14

Summary

LGALS14 (galectin 14, HGNC:30054) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19q13.2, encoding Placental protein 13-like (Q8TCE9). Binds beta-galactoside and lactose.

This gene is predominantly expressed in placenta. The encoded protein belongs to the galectin (galaptin/S-lectin) family. The members of galectin family contain one or two carbohydrate recognition domains, which can bind beta-galactoside. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed.

Source: NCBI Gene 56891 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 25 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_020129

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:30054
Approved symbol	LGALS14
Name	galectin 14
Location	19q13.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	PPL13, CLC2
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000006659
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	607260
Entrez	56891

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 3 — 3 protein_coding

ENST00000360675, ENST00000392052, ENST00000601802

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_020129 NM_020129, NM_203471

CCDS: CCDS12542, CCDS46073

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000392052 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000341649	39707178	39707388
ENSE00002467761	39706597	39706673
ENSE00003061001	39709197	39709444
ENSE00003186263	39704481	39704543

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 59 present calls, max score 90.98.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.5529 / max 271.6595, expressed in 38 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
175804	0.4268	34
175803	0.0839	10
175801	0.0279	11
175802	0.0143	7

Top tissues by expression

235 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	90.98	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	63.33	silver quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	62.08	silver quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	61.44	silver quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	61.39	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	61.27	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	61.07	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	55.30	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	53.59	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	53.55	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	52.43	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	50.86	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	49.92	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	49.72	silver quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	49.59	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	49.30	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	49.20	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	48.87	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	48.76	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	48.62	silver quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	48.55	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	48.50	gold quality
cervix epithelium	UBERON:0004801	48.44	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	48.25	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	48.24	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	48.21	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	48.20	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	48.06	gold quality
tongue squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006919	47.92	gold quality
mucosa of urinary bladder	UBERON:0001259	47.80	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	2.78

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

9 targeting LGALS14, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6513-3P	99.59	69.77	1102
HSA-MIR-580-5P	99.28	70.94	1776
HSA-MIR-670-3P	99.03	68.88	2404
HSA-MIR-4650-3P	99.01	68.39	1062
HSA-MIR-4778-5P	97.96	68.06	1634
HSA-MIR-6783-5P	97.67	67.21	1528
HSA-MIR-4689	96.97	65.79	1209
HSA-MIR-6782-5P	96.45	64.42	612
HSA-MIR-6858-5P	96.05	64.59	1020

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 3)

• cloning and expression in placenta - base sequence and amino acid sequences are given (PMID:11997112)
• CIC-2 siRNA could inhibit the cell proliferation of a human glioma cell line U-87. (PMID:16831268)
• Structure-function studies of galectin-14, an important effector molecule in embryology. (PMID:32525264)

Cross-species orthologs

31 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	lgals9l1	ENSDARG00000025903
danio_rerio	lgals9l3	ENSDARG00000041060
danio_rerio	lgals3b	ENSDARG00000044001
danio_rerio	si:ch211-10a23.2	ENSDARG00000060656
danio_rerio	lgals9l4	ENSDARG00000069058
danio_rerio	lgals9l5	ENSDARG00000087311
danio_rerio	si:dkey-95h12.2	ENSDARG00000092923
danio_rerio	lgals9l6	ENSDARG00000093059
mus_musculus	Lgals9	ENSMUSG00000001123
rattus_norvegicus	Lgals5	ENSRNOG00000012557
rattus_norvegicus	Lgals9	ENSRNOG00000012681
drosophila_melanogaster	galectin	FBGN0031213
drosophila_melanogaster	CG11374	FBGN0031214
drosophila_melanogaster	CG13950	FBGN0031289
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002264
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002266
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002269
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002270
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002271
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00004165
caenorhabditis_elegans	C27C7.5	WBGENE00007768
caenorhabditis_elegans	F46A8.3	WBGENE00009746
caenorhabditis_elegans	F46A8.4	WBGENE00009747
caenorhabditis_elegans	F46A8.5	WBGENE00009748
caenorhabditis_elegans	F46A8.8	WBGENE00009751
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00017080
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018255
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018649
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018650
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018651
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00235368

Paralogs (16): LGALS2 (ENSG00000100079), LGALS1 (ENSG00000100097), LGALS13 (ENSG00000105198), CLC (ENSG00000105205), LGALS8 (ENSG00000116977), LGALSL (ENSG00000119862), LGALS3 (ENSG00000131981), LGALS12 (ENSG00000133317), LGALS9 (ENSG00000168961), LGALS9B (ENSG00000170298), LGALS4 (ENSG00000171747), LGALS9C (ENSG00000171916), LGALS7B (ENSG00000178934), LGALS7 (ENSG00000205076), LGALS16 (ENSG00000249861), GRIFIN (ENSG00000275572)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Placental protein 13-like — Q8TCE9 (reviewed: Q8TCE9)

Alternative names: Charcot-Leyden crystal protein 2, Galectin-14

All UniProt accessions (2): Q8TCE9, M0R163

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Binds beta-galactoside and lactose. Strong inducer of T-cell apoptosis.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Highly expressed in placenta.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q8TCE9-1	1	yes
Q8TCE9-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_064514, NP_982297 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001079	Galectin_CRD	Domain
IPR013320	ConA-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR044156	Galectin-like	Family

Pfam: PF00337

UniProt features (18 total): strand 10, sequence variant 2, sequence conflict 2, chain 1, domain 1, helix 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
6K2Y	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.57
6K2Z	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8TCE9-F1	97.27	0.98

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 38 (showing top): XU_HGF_TARGETS_REPRESSED_BY_AKT1_DN, BLALOCK_ALZHEIMERS_DISEASE_UP, GNF2_KISS1, KUUSELO_PANCREATIC_CANCER_19Q13_AMPLIFICATION, GNF2_TIMP2, KRIGE_RESPONSE_TO_TOSEDOSTAT_6HR_DN, PURBEY_TARGETS_OF_CTBP1_NOT_SATB1_UP, KRAS.600_UP.V1_UP, KRAS.600.LUNG.BREAST_UP.V1_UP, SKIL_TARGET_GENES, ZNF146_TARGET_GENES, GSE10325_MYELOID_VS_LUPUS_MYELOID_UP, MIR6513_3P, GSE13411_NAIVE_VS_IGM_MEMORY_BCELL_UP, GSE13485_CTRL_VS_DAY1_YF17D_VACCINE_PBMC_DN

GO Biological Process (1): apoptotic process (GO:0006915)

GO Molecular Function (2): carbohydrate binding (GO:0030246), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), nucleus (GO:0005634)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
binding	2
programmed cell death	1
apoptotic signaling pathway	1
execution phase of apoptosis	1
nuclear lumen	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

280 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
LGALS14	LGALS1	P09382	564
LGALS14	LGALS2	P05162	507
LGALS14	ITLN2	Q8WWU7	474
LGALS14	APOL4	Q9BPW4	449
LGALS14	LGALS4	P56470	367
LGALS14	GCM1	Q9NP62	348
LGALS14	CGB5	P01233	348
LGALS14	PAPPA	Q13219	325
LGALS14	ERVV-2	B6SEH9	325
LGALS14	PAPPA2	Q9BXP8	323
LGALS14	ERVV-1	B6SEH8	313
LGALS14	A6NFB4	A6NFB4	305
LGALS14	LGALSL	Q3ZCW2	301
LGALS14	ZBED10P	Q96FA7	297
LGALS14	ZNF846	Q147U1	296

IntAct

195 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
GFAP	LGALS14	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.780
IKZF3	LGALS14	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.780
LGALS14	IKZF3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.780
LGALS14	GFAP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.780
TRIM27	LGALS14	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
LGALS14	FLNA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
LGALS14	CRLF3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
SPAG5	LGALS14	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
MID2	LGALS14	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
LGALS14	TRIM27	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
FLNA	LGALS14	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
CRLF3	LGALS14	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
LGALS14	MID2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
LGALS14	SPAG5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720

BioGRID (60): LGALS14 (Two-hybrid), LGALS14 (Two-hybrid), LGALS14 (Two-hybrid), LGALS14 (Two-hybrid), LGALS14 (Two-hybrid), LGALS14 (Two-hybrid), LGALS14 (Two-hybrid), LGALS14 (Two-hybrid), LGALS14 (Two-hybrid), LGALS14 (Two-hybrid), LGALS14 (Two-hybrid), LGALS14 (Two-hybrid), LGALS14 (Two-hybrid), LGALS14 (Two-hybrid), LNX1 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A3Q1N1R0, A4D1Z8, A8MUM7, D3ZGS3, O00214, O08573, O14727, O23547, O44126, O54891, O88644, O88879, P07583, P08520, P11762, P23668, P26788, P36573, P38552, P47967, P56180, P56217, P56470, P79238, P97400, P97840, Q01968, Q05315, Q09581, Q09605, Q29058, Q3MHZ8, Q62665, Q6DGJ1, Q6NVF0, Q801X7, Q8C726, Q8K419, Q8LEV3, Q8TCE9

Diamond homologs: A8MUM7, O00182, O08573, O54891, P38486, P38552, P47929, P79238, P97400, P97840, Q05315, Q29058, Q3B8N2, Q3MHZ8, Q3T0D6, Q6DKI2, Q8K419, Q8TCE9, Q9UHV8, A4D1Z8, O00214, O44126, O54974, O88644, P07583, P08520, P08699, P16110, P17931, P23668, P47845, P47953, P47967, P56217, P56470, P97590, Q09605, Q09610, Q1ECW6, Q29373

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

25 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	24
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

537 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
19:39704544:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
19:39707176:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:39707177:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:39707177:GCAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:39709191:TTGTA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:39709192:TGTA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:39709193:GTA:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:39709194:TA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:39709195:A:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:39709196:GGTA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:39704521:A:T	donor_gain	0.9900
19:39704539:TACCC:T	donor_gain	0.9900
19:39704540:ACCC:A	donor_gain	0.9900
19:39704541:CCC:C	donor_gain	0.9900
19:39704542:CC:C	donor_gain	0.9900
19:39704543:CG:C	donor_loss	0.9900
19:39704544:G:GC	donor_loss	0.9900
19:39704545:T:TC	donor_loss	0.9900
19:39704546:GA:G	donor_loss	0.9900
19:39704547:A:AC	donor_loss	0.9900
19:39707174:TCA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
19:39707177:GC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:39707248:C:CA	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:39707255:ACTTT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:39707259:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:39707385:CAAG:C	donor_gain	0.9900
19:39707385:CAAGG:C	donor_loss	0.9900
19:39707386:AAGGT:A	donor_loss	0.9900
19:39707387:AG:A	donor_gain	0.9900
19:39707388:GG:G	donor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

909 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
19:39709227:T:C	F112L	0.944
19:39709229:T:A	F112L	0.944
19:39709229:T:G	F112L	0.944
19:39707350:T:C	F89L	0.915
19:39707352:T:A	F89L	0.915
19:39707352:T:G	F89L	0.915
19:39707239:T:C	F52L	0.892
19:39707241:C:A	F52L	0.892
19:39707241:C:G	F52L	0.892
19:39706651:G:T	G24W	0.873
19:39707384:A:C	Y100S	0.865
19:39707257:T:C	F58L	0.852
19:39707259:T:A	F58L	0.852
19:39707259:T:G	F58L	0.852
19:39707240:T:C	F52S	0.846
19:39706646:T:G	I22S	0.844
19:39706646:T:A	I22N	0.843
19:39707383:T:C	Y100H	0.839
19:39707332:T:C	F83L	0.828
19:39707334:T:A	F83L	0.828
19:39707334:T:G	F83L	0.828
19:39706646:T:C	I22T	0.820
19:39707246:T:C	F54S	0.819
19:39707203:T:C	F40L	0.809
19:39707205:C:A	F40L	0.809
19:39707205:C:G	F40L	0.809
19:39706640:T:A	V20E	0.808
19:39707204:T:C	F40S	0.805
19:39707281:A:C	S66R	0.800
19:39707283:T:A	S66R	0.800

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000685691 (19:39708026 T>A), RS1000704593 (19:39707772 C>G), RS1001013504 (19:39704745 C>A,T), RS1001219566 (19:39709578 A>G), RS1002085547 (19:39704801 A>C), RS1002162946 (19:39708674 T>C,G), RS1002442612 (19:39708944 G>A,T), RS1002498144 (19:39709825 A>G), RS1003111172 (19:39706329 A>G), RS1004323780 (19:39708637 G>A), RS1004354944 (19:39708896 G>T), RS1004604038 (19:39707045 A>T), RS1004705755 (19:39709813 T>C,G), RS1004881669 (19:39704115 T>C), RS1005572677 (19:39708228 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:607260 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST004624_20	Sum eosinophil basophil counts	1.000000e-44

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004842	eosinophil count
EFO:0005090	basophil count

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

8 total (human), top 8 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
beauvericin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
enniatins	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Arbutin	decreases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Diethylhexyl Phthalate	increases expression	1
Pesticides	increases expression	1
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	increases expression	1
beta-Naphthoflavone	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.