LGALS7

Summary

LGALS7 (galectin 7, HGNC:6568) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19q13.13, encoding Galectin-7 (P47929). Could be involved in cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interactions necessary for normal growth control.

The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Differential and in situ hybridization studies indicate that this lectin is specifically expressed in keratinocytes and found mainly in stratified squamous epithelium. A duplicate copy of this gene (GeneID:653499) is found adjacent to, but on the opposite strand on chromosome 19.

Source: NCBI Gene 3963 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 9 total
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_002307

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:6568
Approved symbol	LGALS7
Name	galectin 7
Location	19q13.13
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	GAL7, PIG1, TP53I1, LGALS7A
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000205076
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	600615
Entrez	3963

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 2 protein_coding

ENST00000378626, ENST00000599035

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_002307 NM_002307

CCDS: CCDS33012

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000378626 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00002459796	38773487	38773517
ENSE00002503139	38773015	38773103
ENSE00002532614	38771829	38772030
ENSE00003211134	38770968	38771139

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 120 present calls, max score 99.17.

Top tissues by expression

133 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	99.17	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	96.20	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	95.92	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	95.68	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	91.54	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	87.93	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	86.57	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	84.70	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	83.33	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	70.58	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	68.05	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	64.58	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	61.93	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	59.51	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	58.60	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	58.52	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	58.45	gold quality
uterine cervix	UBERON:0000002	57.06	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	54.02	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	53.21	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	52.51	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	52.22	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	52.08	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	51.41	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	51.04	gold quality
multicellular organism	UBERON:0000468	50.59	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	50.35	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	49.76	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	49.69	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	49.49	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 6 experiment(s), a significant marker in 4.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-8142	yes	3600.67
E-MTAB-6653	yes	503.55
E-HCAD-1	yes	245.31
E-ANND-3	yes	29.60
E-MTAB-10596	no	2408.01
E-GEOD-86618	no	169.60

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): NFKB, TP53

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• GAL7 is a negative growth regulator for human neuroblastoma cells. (PMID:13679866)
• High levels of galectin 7 expression were associated with rapid recurrence rates in hypopharyngeal cancer (PMID:16788763)
• Data show that Galectine-7 gene was 8 times up-regulated in bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic children after RSV infection in vitro and overexpressed in bronchial epithelial cells in asthma in vivo. (PMID:17044979)
• there was no significant difference in Galectin 7 expression in thyroid tissue in thyroid cancer cases compared to non-cancer cases (PMID:18418527)
• Gal-7 influence on differentiation in vivo, without evidence for a role in dissemination in head and neck squamous and basal cell carcinomas (PMID:19012243)
• Associations between MMP-9 and galectins-1 and -7 in situ indicate presence in hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. (PMID:19148478)
• abnormal expression of galectin-7 in lymphoma cells is not dependent on p53, but is rather associated with DNA hypomethylation. (PMID:19596268)
• galectin-7 increases the expression of MMP-9 through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway (PMID:19885589)
• Data show that high levels of galectin-7 expression in breast cancer cells drastically increased their ability to metastasize to lungs and bones, and were restricted to high-grade breast carcinomas. (PMID:20382700)
• Proteomics analysis revealed that galectin-7 was highly expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and could be used as a potential biomarker. (PMID:20546628)
• Data suggest that the binding of Galectin 7 to Bcl-2 may constitute a new target for enhancing the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. (PMID:21289092)
• The intense immunoexpression of galectins-1, -3, and -7 suggests the participation of these proteins in oral carcinogenesis and their use as markers of biological behavior and tumor progression in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. (PMID:21397408)
• Galectin-7 modulates the length of the primary cilia and wound repair in polarized kidney epithelial cells. (PMID:21677144)
• high resolution crystal structure of Gal-7 at 1.4 A (a dimer) and its 1.7 A structure in complex with an inhibitor, a sulfur-containing 2-O-benzylphosphate galactoside, a possible antineoplastic agent (PMID:22059385)
• Extracellular superoxide dismutase plays a role not only as a reactive oxygen species scavenger, but also as a pro-apoptotic factor via COX-2/galectin-7 pathways in the epidermis. (PMID:22251572)
• Because residual cholesteatoma matrix is considered to be one of the main causes of cholesteatoma recurrence, staining with galectin-7 at the time of operation would be a promising way to facilitate complete removal of the residue (PMID:22377647)
• Knocking down galectin-7 or S100A9 enhanced tumor cell invasion. (PMID:22864818)
• The results indicate that lactose binding to human Gal-7 induces long-range effects (minor conformational shifts and changes in structural dynamics) throughout the protein that result in stabilization of the dimer state, with evidence for positive cooperativity. (PMID:23376190)
• Suggest that the differences in galectin-7 expression and subcellular and extracellular distribution may be crucially involved in the pathogenic process of hypertrophic scars. (PMID:23493985)
• High GAL-7 expression is associated with epithelial ovarian cancer. (PMID:23564797)
• galectin-7 could be part of a common pathway used by mutant p53 to promote cancer progression (PMID:23967302)
• galectin-7 has a tumor suppressive function, and that the gene is epigenetically modified by DNA methylation and significantly down-regulated in gastric cancer. (PMID:23985992)
• galectin-7 may play important roles in downregulating the functions of T lymphocytes after UVB irradiation (PMID:24134186)
• galectin-7 is a potential predictive marker of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy resistance in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (PMID:24515895)
• Galectin-7 is produced by endometrial epithelium. It is elevated in the endometrium of women with history of miscarriage. We suggest that galectin-7 facilitates adhesion of embryo to endometrium. Elevated galectin-7 may result in abnormal adhesion. (PMID:24522232)
• Galectin-7 is produced by the premenstrual and menstrual endometrium, where it accumulates in menstrual fluid and likely acts as a paracrine factor to facilitate post-menstrual endometrial re-epithelialization. (PMID:24782449)
• C/EBPbeta is an important mediator of galectin-7 gene activation in breast cancer cells (PMID:24789216)
• Results suggest that galectin-3, -4, -7 and -9 could be involved in the biology of inverted papillomas. (PMID:24859692)
• galectin-7 may have a role in amyloidogenesis of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (PMID:25172508)
• our study validates the clinical significance of gal-7 overexpression in ovarian cancer (PMID:25277199)
• Cytosolic galectin-7 impairs p53 functions and induces chemoresistance in breast cancer cells. (PMID:25367122)
• Understanding how these dendrimeric compounds interact with hGal-7 would help in the design of new tools to investigate the recognition of carbohydrates by lectins. (PMID:25367374)
• The assessment of a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD)-defective mutant form of gal-7 (R7S) showed that the ability of this protein to modulate apoptosis was independent of its CRD activity. (PMID:26168167)
• Data indicate that the galectin inhibitor specifically binds galectin-7 (hGal-7), disrupts the formation of homodimers, and inhibits the pro-apoptotic activity of hGal-7 on Jurkat T cells. (PMID:26543238)
• Galectin-7 regulates keratinocytes proliferation and differentiation through JNK1 pathway. (PMID:26763438)
• Measurement of scGal-7 content in tape-stripped samples was useful for the evaluation of the skin barrier function in dry skin conditions such as AD (PMID:27028525)
• Data suggest that evaluation of galectin-7 could help guide postsurgical management for non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). (PMID:27259255)
• Gal-7 re-expression affects the regulation of molecular networks in cervical cancer that are involved in diverse cancer hallmarks, such as metabolism, growth control, invasion and evasion of apoptosis (PMID:27558259)
• It is a beta-galactose-binding animal lectin and known to be distributed throughout the body. (PMID:27590897)
• Increased O-linked N-Acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is responsible for reduced Gal-7 expression in cultured human keratinocytes exposed to high glucose environment. (PMID:28526214)

Cross-species orthologs

24 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	lgals3b	ENSDARG00000044001
danio_rerio	si:dkey-95h12.2	ENSDARG00000092923
mus_musculus	Lgals7	ENSMUSG00000053522
rattus_norvegicus	Lgals7	ENSRNOG00000020380
drosophila_melanogaster	galectin	FBGN0031213
drosophila_melanogaster	CG11374	FBGN0031214
drosophila_melanogaster	CG13950	FBGN0031289
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002264
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002266
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002269
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002270
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002271
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00004165
caenorhabditis_elegans	C27C7.5	WBGENE00007768
caenorhabditis_elegans	F46A8.3	WBGENE00009746
caenorhabditis_elegans	F46A8.4	WBGENE00009747
caenorhabditis_elegans	F46A8.5	WBGENE00009748
caenorhabditis_elegans	F46A8.8	WBGENE00009751
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00017080
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018255
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018649
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018650
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018651
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00235368

Paralogs (16): LGALS14 (ENSG00000006659), LGALS2 (ENSG00000100079), LGALS1 (ENSG00000100097), LGALS13 (ENSG00000105198), CLC (ENSG00000105205), LGALS8 (ENSG00000116977), LGALSL (ENSG00000119862), LGALS3 (ENSG00000131981), LGALS12 (ENSG00000133317), LGALS9 (ENSG00000168961), LGALS9B (ENSG00000170298), LGALS4 (ENSG00000171747), LGALS9C (ENSG00000171916), LGALS7B (ENSG00000178934), LGALS16 (ENSG00000249861), GRIFIN (ENSG00000275572)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Galectin-7 — P47929 (reviewed: P47929)

Alternative names: HKL-14, PI7, p53-induced gene 1 protein

All UniProt accessions (2): P47929, M0R281

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Could be involved in cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interactions necessary for normal growth control. Pro-apoptotic protein that functions intracellularly upstream of JNK activation and cytochrome c release.

Subunit / interactions. Monomer.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Mainly expressed in stratified squamous epithelium.

Induction. By p53/TP53.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_002298* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001079	Galectin_CRD	Domain
IPR013320	ConA-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR044156	Galectin-like	Family

Pfam: PF00337

UniProt features (15 total): strand 10, chain 1, domain 1, helix 1, binding site 1, turn 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

35 structures, top 30 by resolution.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
3ZXF	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.38
4UW3	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.48
3ZXE	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.67
6VTO	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.69
4UW4	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.77
4UW6	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.79
7TRO	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.8
7XAC	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.8
5H9S	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.82
7N57	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.83
7TKX	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.83
7TKZ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.83
7TKW	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.85
1BKZ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.9
3GAL	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.9
6VTS	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.9
5H9Q	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.93
4GAL	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.95
6VTQ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.95
7N8G	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.95
7TRN	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.95
2GAL	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2
5GAL	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2
7XBL	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2
4UW5	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.04
7N4O	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.05
7N6C	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.1
4XBQ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.23
6VTP	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
6VTR	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P47929-F1	96.80	0.95

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (1): 70–76

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-9725554	Differentiation of Keratinocytes in Interfollicular Epidermis in Mammalian Skin
R-HSA-1266738	Developmental Biology
R-HSA-9734767	Developmental Cell Lineages

MSigDB gene sets: 73 (showing top): JAEGER_METASTASIS_DN, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, HUMMERICH_SKIN_CANCER_PROGRESSION_UP, MARTINEZ_RB1_TARGETS_UP, CREIGHTON_ENDOCRINE_THERAPY_RESISTANCE_1, HUPER_BREAST_BASAL_VS_LUMINAL_UP, TGANTCA_AP1_C, HANSON_HRAS_SIGNALING_VIA_NFKB, WANG_BARRETTS_ESOPHAGUS_AND_ESOPHAGUS_CANCER_DN, SMID_BREAST_CANCER_LUMINAL_B_DN, MODULE_154, ONDER_CDH1_TARGETS_1_UP, YOSHIMURA_MAPK8_TARGETS_UP, DODD_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_DN, WAKABAYASHI_ADIPOGENESIS_PPARG_RXRA_BOUND_8D

GO Biological Process (2): apoptotic process (GO:0006915), heterophilic cell-cell adhesion (GO:0007157)

GO Molecular Function (2): carbohydrate binding (GO:0030246), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (5): obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), extracellular region (GO:0005576)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Developmental Cell Lineages of the Integumentary System	1
Developmental Biology	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
binding	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
programmed cell death	1
apoptotic signaling pathway	1
execution phase of apoptosis	1
cell-cell adhesion	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
extracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

768 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
LGALS7	LGALS3BP	Q08380	905
LGALS7	BCL2	P10415	820
LGALS7	SMAD3	P84022	698
LGALS7	PAICS	P22234	669
LGALS7	CHD7	Q9P2D1	602
LGALS7	SELE	P16111	511
LGALS7	KRTDAP	P60985	509
LGALS7	H4C16	P02304	493
LGALS7	H4C7	Q99525	486
LGALS7	MGAT5	Q09328	470
LGALS7	CTR9	Q6PD62	461
LGALS7	SBSN	Q6UWP8	452
LGALS7	UCHL5	Q9Y5K5	443
LGALS7	HCFC1	P51610	439
LGALS7	CD209	Q9NNX6	436

IntAct

143 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
JADE1	KAT7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.720
AEBP2	EED	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.650
RCCD1	SPAG9	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
CCNC	MED19	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
LGALS7	DDIT4L	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
LGALS7	TAB1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
LGALS7	SSBP1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
LGALS7	YAF2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
HSPA6	LGALS7	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
LGALS7	LSM2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TGM5	LGALS7	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TBC1D22B	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RBM24	PPL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZSCAN12	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
GDF5	SERPINB7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SSBP2	CLEC18A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
E6	CASK	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.520
Tax	TAX1BP3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.520
ESR1		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.460
LGALS7	S	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
LGALS7	LGALS7	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
	GNAT3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
Xpo1	IFT56	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DAG1	AGRN	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (249): LGALS7 (Affinity Capture-MS), LGALS7 (Affinity Capture-MS), LGALS7B (Affinity Capture-MS), LGALS7 (Affinity Capture-MS), LGALS7 (Affinity Capture-MS), LGALS7 (Affinity Capture-MS), LGALS7 (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBA3C (Affinity Capture-MS), LGALS7B (Affinity Capture-MS), USP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), DPYSL5 (Affinity Capture-MS), DPYSL4 (Affinity Capture-MS), NAMPT (Affinity Capture-MS), DPYSL2 (Affinity Capture-MS), GAB1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A8MUM7, C0HJQ1, C0HJR3, O00182, O00214, O08573, O44126, O54891, O54974, O55060, P05162, P07583, P09382, P11116, P11762, P16045, P23668, P36573, P38552, P47929, P47967, P48538, P56217, P56470, P61801, P81184, P97590, P97840, Q05315, Q09581, Q1ECW6, Q29058, Q3B8N2, Q3MHZ8, Q3T0D6, Q49I35, Q504A5, Q5R7M1, Q62665, Q68FJ4

Diamond homologs: A8MUM7, O00182, O08573, O54891, P38486, P38552, P47929, P79238, P97400, P97840, Q05315, Q29058, Q3B8N2, Q3MHZ8, Q3T0D6, Q6DKI2, Q8K419, Q8TCE9, Q9UHV8, A4D1Z8, C0HJQ1, C0HJR3, O00214, O44126, O54974, P05162, P07583, P08520, P08699, P09382, P11116, P11762, P16045, P16110, P23668, P26788, P47845, P47953, P48538, P56217

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

9 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	6
Likely benign	2
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

586 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
19:38771824:CGCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
19:38771826:CA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
19:38771827:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
19:38771828:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
19:38772026:GGAAC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:38772027:GAAC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:38772028:AAC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:38772028:AACCT:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:38772029:AC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:38772029:ACC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:38772030:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:38772030:CCTGG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:38772031:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
19:38772031:CTGGA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:38772032:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
19:38772031:C:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:38771136:CGGC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
19:38771138:GCC:G	acceptor_loss	0.9800
19:38771139:CCT:C	acceptor_loss	0.9800
19:38771140:CTGC:C	acceptor_loss	0.9800
19:38771141:T:A	acceptor_loss	0.9800
19:38773009:CCTCA:C	donor_loss	0.9800
19:38773010:CTCA:C	donor_loss	0.9800
19:38773011:TCA:T	donor_loss	0.9800
19:38773012:CA:C	donor_loss	0.9800
19:38773013:A:C	donor_loss	0.9800
19:38773014:C:A	donor_loss	0.9800
19:38773014:CCTG:C	donor_gain	0.9800
19:38771140:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9700
19:38771810:C:A	donor_gain	0.9500

AlphaMissense

877 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000870390 (19:38774633 C>G,T), RS1001858294 (19:38774562 T>C), RS1002374261 (19:38774353 C>T), RS1002756687 (19:38775400 T>C), RS1002979312 (19:38771260 A>G), RS1003265591 (19:38773406 C>T), RS1003389401 (19:38788520 T>C), RS1005216986 (19:38774035 A>T), RS1006261957 (19:38771099 C>T), RS1006821018 (19:38773505 G>A,C), RS1007195063 (19:38788774 T>C,G), RS1007414434 (19:38788979 G>A), RS1008193733 (19:38787677 G>T), RS1008417963 (19:38787909 A>G), RS1010021029 (19:38771524 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:600615 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST006999_4	Logical memory (immediate recall) in mild cognitive impairment	4.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004874	memory performance

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL5008 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

12 measured of 16 human assays (16 total across all organisms); most potent 12 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value
N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[(butylcarbamothioyl)amino]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide	KD	23000 nM
N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-{[(3-hydroxypropyl)carbamothioyl]amino}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide	KD	23000 nM
N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(prop-2-en-1-ylcarbamothioyl)amino]oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide	KD	34000 nM
N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[(cyclohexylcarbamothioyl)amino]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide	KD	40000 nM
N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-(carbamothioylamino)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide	KD	43000 nM
N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-{[(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)carbamothioyl]amino}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide	KD	43000 nM
N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(phenylcarbamothioyl)amino]oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide	KD	45000 nM
N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[(diethylcarbamothioyl)amino]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide	KD	46000 nM
N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(methylcarbamothioyl)amino]oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide	KD	49000 nM
N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-{[(2-hydroxyethyl)carbamothioyl]amino}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide	KD	49000 nM
N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-({[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxyoxan-3-yl]oxy}-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]carbamothioyl}amino)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide	KD	58000 nM
N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxy-5-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl]acetamide	KD	70000 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

12 potent at pChembl≥5 of 32 total, top 12 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
5.77	Kd	1700	nM	CHEMBL444662
5.70	Kd	2000	nM	CHEMBL1253726
5.68	Kd	2100	nM	CHEMBL503116
5.55	Kd	2800	nM	CHEMBL1253217
5.47	Kd	3400	nM	CHEMBL1253187
5.37	Kd	4300	nM	CHEMBL457221
5.33	Kd	4700	nM	CHEMBL1253745
5.30	Kd	5000	nM	CHEMBL1253744
5.27	Kd	5400	nM	CHEMBL1253742
5.12	Kd	7600	nM	CHEMBL516152
5.10	Kd	8000	nM	CHEMBL1253923
5.08	Kd	8300	nM	CHEMBL1253743

PubChem BioAssay actives

24 with measured affinity, of 281 total; 12 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
N-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(naphthalene-2-carbonylamino)oxan-2-yl]sulfanyl-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]naphthalene-2-carboxamide	412884: Binding affinity to galectin 7 at 0 degC by fluorescence polarization assay	kd	1.7000	uM
1-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[4-(2-phenylethylcarbamoyl)triazol-1-yl]oxan-2-yl]sulfanyl-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]-N-(2-phenylethyl)triazole-4-carboxamide	513982: Binding affinity to human galectin 7 at 4 degC by competitive fluorescence polarization assay	kd	2.0000	uM
N-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(3-methoxybenzoyl)amino]oxan-2-yl]sulfanyl-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]-3-methoxybenzamide	412884: Binding affinity to galectin 7 at 0 degC by fluorescence polarization assay	kd	2.1000	uM
N-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[(3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)amino]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]sulfanyl-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]-3,5-dimethoxybenzamide	513982: Binding affinity to human galectin 7 at 4 degC by competitive fluorescence polarization assay	kd	2.8000	uM
1-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[4-(prop-2-enylcarbamoyl)triazol-1-yl]oxan-2-yl]sulfanyl-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]-N-prop-2-enyltriazole-4-carboxamide	513982: Binding affinity to human galectin 7 at 4 degC by competitive fluorescence polarization assay	kd	3.4000	uM
N-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-benzamido-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]sulfanyl-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]benzamide	412884: Binding affinity to galectin 7 at 0 degC by fluorescence polarization assay	kd	4.3000	uM
1-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[4-(2-methoxyethylcarbamoyl)triazol-1-yl]oxan-2-yl]sulfanyl-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]-N-(2-methoxyethyl)triazole-4-carboxamide	513982: Binding affinity to human galectin 7 at 4 degC by competitive fluorescence polarization assay	kd	4.7000	uM
1-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[4-(2-hydroxypropylcarbamoyl)triazol-1-yl]oxan-2-yl]sulfanyl-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)triazole-4-carboxamide	513982: Binding affinity to human galectin 7 at 4 degC by competitive fluorescence polarization assay	kd	5.0000	uM
N-butyl-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[4-(butylcarbamoyl)triazol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]sulfanyl-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]triazole-4-carboxamide	513982: Binding affinity to human galectin 7 at 4 degC by competitive fluorescence polarization assay	kd	5.4000	uM
N-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]naphthalene-1-carboxamide	412884: Binding affinity to galectin 7 at 0 degC by fluorescence polarization assay	kd	7.6000	uM
1-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[4-(methylcarbamoyl)triazol-1-yl]oxan-2-yl]sulfanyl-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]-N-methyltriazole-4-carboxamide	513982: Binding affinity to human galectin 7 at 4 degC by competitive fluorescence polarization assay	kd	8.0000	uM
N-benzyl-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[4-(benzylcarbamoyl)triazol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]sulfanyl-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]triazole-4-carboxamide	513982: Binding affinity to human galectin 7 at 4 degC by competitive fluorescence polarization assay	kd	8.3000	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

21 total (human), top 21 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Aflatoxin B1	increases expression	3
bisphenol A	affects expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
sodium arsenate	decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Arsenic	affects methylation, decreases expression, increases abundance	2
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Cyclophosphamide	increases expression	1
Dactinomycin	increases expression	1
Dexamethasone	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Diethylnitrosamine	increases expression	1
Etoposide	increases expression	1
Fluorouracil	decreases expression, affects response to substance	1
Indomethacin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Ivermectin	decreases expression	1
Mustard Gas	increases alkylation	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression	1
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene	increases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression	1
Genistein	decreases expression, increases reaction	1

ChEMBL screening assays

17 unique, capped per target: 17 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL1013548	Binding	Binding affinity to galectin 7 at 0 degC by fluorescence polarization assay	Galectin-inhibitory thiodigalactoside ester derivatives have antimigratory effects in cultured lung and prostate cancer cells. — J Med Chem

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.