LGALSL

Summary

LGALSL (galectin like, HGNC:25012) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2p14, encoding Galectin-related protein (Q3ZCW2). Does not bind lactose, and may not bind carbohydrates.

Predicted to enable carbohydrate binding activity.

Source: NCBI Gene 29094 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Limited, ClinGen)
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 25 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_014181

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:25012
Approved symbol	LGALSL
Name	galectin like
Location	2p14
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	HSPC159, GRP
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000119862
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	617902
Entrez	29094

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 8 — 6 protein_coding, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000238875, ENST00000409537, ENST00000420552, ENST00000462737, ENST00000464281, ENST00000925227, ENST00000925228, ENST00000925229

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_014181 NM_014181

CCDS: CCDS1877

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000238875 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001814625	64454162	64454581
ENSE00003686446	64458285	64461381
ENSE00003695203	64455589	64455677
ENSE00003697548	64455344	64455415
ENSE00003790053	64456288	64456465

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 270 present calls, max score 99.32.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 12.3795 / max 461.3942, expressed in 1550 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (9 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
20583	3.4158	589
20581	2.9066	1187
20586	2.2782	946
20585	1.9156	888
20582	1.0602	522
20584	0.3118	175
20580	0.2442	128
20579	0.1284	47
20578	0.1187	55

Top tissues by expression

290 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	99.32	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	98.72	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	98.65	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	98.61	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	97.38	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	97.34	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	97.18	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	97.01	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	96.81	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	96.64	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	96.53	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	96.52	gold quality
cartilage tissue	UBERON:0002418	96.16	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	96.08	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	95.43	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	95.29	gold quality
squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006914	94.35	gold quality
nipple	UBERON:0002030	93.85	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	93.59	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	93.49	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	93.49	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	93.25	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	92.88	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	92.51	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	92.51	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	92.50	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	92.21	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	91.91	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	91.79	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	91.77	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

193 targeting LGALSL, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-LET-7A-3P	100.00	74.03	3932
HSA-LET-7B-3P	100.00	74.08	3913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P	100.00	74.02	3928
HSA-MIR-98-3P	100.00	74.08	3907
HSA-MIR-4668-3P	100.00	68.74	2635
HSA-MIR-4776-3P	100.00	68.73	1340
HSA-MIR-9-5P	100.00	72.28	2361
HSA-MIR-4455	100.00	65.48	1587
HSA-MIR-4283	100.00	66.42	2097
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-4795-3P	100.00	74.62	4024
HSA-MIR-181A-5P	99.99	72.96	2995
HSA-MIR-181B-5P	99.99	72.97	2996
HSA-MIR-181C-5P	99.99	72.95	2996
HSA-MIR-181D-5P	99.99	73.04	2997
HSA-MIR-3667-3P	99.99	67.17	1636
HSA-MIR-196A-1-3P	99.99	72.15	2772
HSA-MIR-548AW	99.99	72.57	3559
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-19A-3P	99.98	75.33	2762
HSA-MIR-19B-3P	99.98	75.44	2754
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-4789-5P	99.98	70.76	2721
HSA-LET-7F-2-3P	99.98	70.98	2588
HSA-MIR-1185-1-3P	99.98	71.04	2593
HSA-MIR-1185-2-3P	99.98	71.04	2593

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• Galectin-related protein named GRP comprises only one conserved carbohydrate-recognition domain with 38 additional N-terminal residues. The crystals belong to the monoclinic space group C2. (PMID:16682780)
• CCL13 and HSPC159 mRNA expressions in PBMC are up-regulated specifically in MCNS patients during the nephrosis phase. (PMID:18219197)
• Galectin-related protein is a novel protein that has a close similarity to galectin sequences but is not a member of the galectin family because of its lack of lactose-binding activity. The crystal structure has been solved. (PMID:18320588)
• our findings showed that HSPC159 contributed to breast cancer progression through the PI3K/Akt pathway (PMID:29737572)

Cross-species orthologs

12 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	lgalslb	ENSDARG00000055525
danio_rerio	lgalsla	ENSDARG00000059060
mus_musculus	Lgalsl	ENSMUSG00000042363
mus_musculus	Lgalsl2	ENSMUSG00000048398
rattus_norvegicus	Lgalsl	ENSRNOG00000005464
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002264
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002266
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002269
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002270
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002271
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00004165
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018255

Paralogs (16): LGALS14 (ENSG00000006659), LGALS2 (ENSG00000100079), LGALS1 (ENSG00000100097), LGALS13 (ENSG00000105198), CLC (ENSG00000105205), LGALS8 (ENSG00000116977), LGALS3 (ENSG00000131981), LGALS12 (ENSG00000133317), LGALS9 (ENSG00000168961), LGALS9B (ENSG00000170298), LGALS4 (ENSG00000171747), LGALS9C (ENSG00000171916), LGALS7B (ENSG00000178934), LGALS7 (ENSG00000205076), LGALS16 (ENSG00000249861), GRIFIN (ENSG00000275572)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Galectin-related protein — Q3ZCW2 (reviewed: Q3ZCW2)

Alternative names: Galectin-like protein, Lectin galactoside-binding-like protein

All UniProt accessions (5): Q3ZCW2, B9A055, F8WF17, U3KQ88, U3KQU5

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Does not bind lactose, and may not bind carbohydrates.

Subunit / interactions. Monomer.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_054900* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001079	Galectin_CRD	Domain
IPR013320	ConA-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR044156	Galectin-like	Family

Pfam: PF00337

UniProt features (20 total): strand 9, modified residue 3, turn 2, sequence conflict 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, helix 1, domain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
3B9C	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.9
2JJ6	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q3ZCW2-F1	87.38	0.80

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (3): 2, 22, 25

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 390 (showing top): ATF_B, GOBP_RESPIRATORY_GASEOUS_EXCHANGE_BY_RESPIRATORY_SYSTEM, GOBP_BEHAVIOR, BERTUCCI_MEDULLARY_VS_DUCTAL_BREAST_CANCER_DN, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, chr2p14, GOZGIT_ESR1_TARGETS_DN, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_HORMONE_LEVELS, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_NERVOUS_SYSTEM_PROCESS, GOBP_HORMONE_TRANSPORT, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_BEHAVIOR, GOBP_VESICLE_MEDIATED_TRANSPORT, GOBP_LEUKOCYTE_MEDIATED_IMMUNITY, GOBP_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISMAL_RESPONSE_TO_STRESS

GO Biological Process (0):

GO Molecular Function (2): carbohydrate binding (GO:0030246), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (0):

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
binding	2

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

328 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
LGALSL	C1orf198	Q9H425	571
LGALSL	CDH24	Q86UP0	461
LGALSL	FAM13C	Q8NE31	448
LGALSL	IGSF1	Q8N6C5	440
LGALSL	ITGB1BP1	O14713	423
LGALSL	CEP68	Q76N32	418
LGALSL	FOXS1	O43638	400
LGALSL	ST3GAL6	Q9Y274	399
LGALSL	CST2	P09228	398
LGALSL	LAMP5	Q9UJQ1	380
LGALSL	PCDH1	Q08174	364
LGALSL	PRXL2C	Q7RTV5	322
LGALSL	CRLF3	Q8IUI8	322
LGALSL	LGALS1	P09382	313
LGALSL	CLC	Q05315	306

IntAct

29 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
LGALSL	MAD1L1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
MAD1L1	LGALSL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
LHX2	LGALSL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
LGALSL	DDIT4L	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TINF2	LGALSL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.510
LGALSL	SCAF11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
LGALSL	PCBP3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
TERF2IP	LGALSL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
ACD	LGALSL	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
FCF1	SULT2B1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
STX17	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ADI1	TRAPPC10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CCR1	UBA6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SSUH2	IGLC7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ZC3HC1	SULT2B1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GALNT9	CTSV	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MYCBP	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SMPD2	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
INSR	BLTP3B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
LGALSL	TINF2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
LGALSL	LHX2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
LGALSL	MAD1L1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
LGALSL	DDIT4L	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (29): LGALSL (Two-hybrid), LGALSL (Affinity Capture-MS), LGALSL (Affinity Capture-MS), LGALSL (Two-hybrid), LGALSL (Two-hybrid), DDIT4L (Two-hybrid), LGALSL (Affinity Capture-MS), SCAF11 (Affinity Capture-MS), LGALSL (Affinity Capture-MS), LGALSL (Affinity Capture-MS), PCBP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), LGALSL (Affinity Capture-MS), LGALSL (Affinity Capture-MS), LGALSL (Affinity Capture-MS), LGALSL (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1A5C7, A6NCF5, A6QLN9, A8MUP2, D3YYU8, D3ZZ80, F1LTR1, O75147, O88843, P08887, Q28D01, Q3SZQ2, Q3UHH2, Q3ZCW2, Q4R539, Q5EA19, Q5R4Q7, Q5R5K6, Q5RCI5, Q5RFN0, Q5SP67, Q5ZHQ2, Q642A6, Q67FW5, Q6AZB0, Q6IA17, Q6PCB0, Q7TPB4, Q86TI4, Q86VF2, Q8BGR6, Q8BZI6, Q8C6G8, Q8N5I2, Q8N653, Q8R2Z5, Q8VE98, Q8VED9, Q969P0, Q96NJ5

Diamond homologs: A4D1Z8, A8MUM7, O00182, O00214, O08573, O44126, O54891, O54974, O88644, P07583, P08520, P08699, P16110, P17931, P23668, P38486, P38552, P47845, P47929, P47953, P47967, P56217, P56470, P97400, P97590, P97840, Q09605, Q09610, Q1ECW6, Q29058, Q29373, Q3B8N2, Q3MHZ8, Q3T0D6, Q3ZCW2, Q5R5K6, Q5ZHQ2, Q62665, Q68FJ4, Q6DDR8

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

25 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	16
Likely benign	0
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1049 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
18:59225713:GAT:G	donor_gain	1.0000
2:64456286:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:64456287:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:64456287:GCTTT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:64456376:C:G	donor_gain	1.0000
2:64456463:AGGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
2:64456464:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
2:64456465:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
2:64456466:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
2:64456466:GTG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
18:59220401:GTGG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
18:59220403:GG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
18:59220404:GG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
18:59225486:TTACA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
18:59225487:TACA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
18:59225489:CAGG:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
18:59225490:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
18:59225490:AG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
18:59225490:AGG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
18:59225490:AGGGC:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
18:59225491:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
18:59225491:GG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
18:59225491:GGG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
18:59225491:GGGC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
18:59225491:GGGCA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
18:59225716:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9900
18:59225721:TTCAA:T	donor_gain	0.9900
2:64454579:GTG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
2:64454580:TGGTG:T	donor_loss	0.9900
2:64454581:GGT:G	donor_loss	0.9900

AlphaMissense

1134 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
2:64455652:G:C	G58R	0.999
2:64456302:T:C	L71S	0.999
2:64456443:T:C	F118S	0.999
2:64456460:T:C	F124L	0.999
2:64456462:C:A	F124L	0.999
2:64456462:C:G	F124L	0.999
2:64458299:T:G	C130W	0.999
2:64458400:G:T	G164V	0.999
2:64455598:T:C	F40L	0.998
2:64455600:T:A	F40L	0.998
2:64455600:T:G	F40L	0.998
2:64455653:G:A	G58D	0.998
2:64456290:T:C	F67S	0.998
2:64456296:T:A	I69N	0.998
2:64456461:T:C	F124S	0.998
2:64458297:T:C	C130R	0.998
2:64458298:G:A	C130Y	0.998
2:64458313:T:C	F135S	0.998
2:64458394:T:A	I162K	0.998
2:64455647:T:A	V56E	0.997
2:64456341:C:A	A84E	0.997
2:64456350:T:C	L87P	0.997
2:64456361:T:C	F91L	0.997
2:64456362:T:C	F91S	0.997
2:64456363:C:A	F91L	0.997
2:64456363:C:G	F91L	0.997
2:64456436:T:C	F116L	0.997
2:64456438:T:A	F116L	0.997
2:64456438:T:G	F116L	0.997
2:64456455:A:C	Q122P	0.997

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000953708 (2:64461659 A>G), RS1001407599 (2:64461882 A>G), RS1001869235 (2:64454220 G>A), RS1001900504 (2:64454058 C>A,T), RS1002010378 (2:64460506 C>T), RS1002466240 (2:64454387 C>T), RS1002672751 (2:64457496 A>C,T), RS1002744133 (2:64455999 C>T), RS1003196841 (2:64452404 T>C,G), RS1003494947 (2:64454614 T>C), RS1004088092 (2:64461836 A>G), RS1004251112 (2:64461531 T>C), RS1004743500 (2:64455267 C>T), RS1005624010 (2:64456331 G>A,T), RS1005898091 (2:64458210 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:617902 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	Limited	UD

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

46 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	increases expression, affects expression	2
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	2
Acetaminophen	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Valproic Acid	affects expression, decreases expression	2
alpha-pinene	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance	1
sodium arsenate	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether	affects cotreatment, affects localization, decreases expression	1
coumarin	increases phosphorylation	1
hydroquinone	increases expression	1
4-aminophenylarsenoxide	decreases reaction, affects binding	1
methacrylaldehyde	increases oxidation, increases abundance, affects cotreatment	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
corosolic acid	increases expression	1
ICG 001	decreases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
jinfukang	decreases expression	1
4-(4-((5-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid	decreases expression	1
Temozolomide	increases expression	1
Sunitinib	increases expression	1
Arsenic Trioxide	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
Acrolein	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance	1
Air Pollutants	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases oxidation	1
Arsenic	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Caffeine	decreases phosphorylation	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Estradiol	increases expression	1
Furaldehyde	affects localization, decreases expression, increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Ivermectin	decreases expression	1
Mustard Gas	increases expression	1
Ozone	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.