LINS1

Summary

LINS1 (lines homolog 1, HGNC:30922) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 15q26.3, encoding Protein Lines homolog 1 (Q8NG48).

The Drosophila segment polarity gene lin encodes a protein, lines, which plays important roles in development of the epidermis and hindgut. This gene encodes a protein containing a lines-like domain. This gene is located on chromosome 15 and clustered with the gene encoding ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing protein 7. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 55180 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): complex neurodevelopmental disorder (Definitive, ClinGen) — +2 more curated relationships
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 207 total — 10 pathogenic, 21 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 13
• Dosage sensitivity (ClinGen): haploinsufficiency autosomal recessive, triplosensitivity no evidence
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001040616

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:30922
Approved symbol	LINS1
Name	lines homolog 1
Location	15q26.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	WINS1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000140471
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	610350
Entrez	55180

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 19 — 13 protein_coding, 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 retained_intron, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000314742, ENST00000559149, ENST00000559169, ENST00000559577, ENST00000559736, ENST00000559827, ENST00000560133, ENST00000560272, ENST00000560783, ENST00000560934, ENST00000560941, ENST00000561073, ENST00000561233, ENST00000561308, ENST00000869606, ENST00000869607, ENST00000869608, ENST00000869609, ENST00000916779

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_001040616 NM_001040616, NM_001352507, NM_001352508

CCDS: CCDS10385

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000314742 — 7 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001253060	100571894	100572065
ENSE00001920547	100566924	100570117
ENSE00002570712	100602121	100602184
ENSE00003519819	100580263	100580352
ENSE00003585829	100573651	100574241
ENSE00003592200	100580444	100580945
ENSE00003652948	100574987	100575128

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 258 present calls, max score 91.23.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 10.5002 / max 163.4645, expressed in 1726 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
151797	9.3349	1713
151798	0.8959	573
207672	0.1426	34
151795	0.1268	51

Top tissues by expression

285 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	91.23	gold quality
nasopharynx	UBERON:0001728	91.22	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	89.15	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	87.45	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	86.67	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	86.65	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	86.64	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	86.45	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	86.37	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	86.03	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	86.01	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	85.95	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	85.93	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	85.59	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	85.21	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	85.20	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	85.14	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	85.12	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	85.10	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	85.08	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	85.05	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	84.55	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	84.25	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	84.17	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	84.06	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	83.98	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	83.87	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	83.87	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	83.86	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	83.83	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	5.04

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Functional genomics

ClinGen dosage: haploinsufficiency 30 (autosomal recessive), triplosensitivity 0 (no evidence). ClinGen Gene Dosage Map

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• Human WINS1 encoded 757 AA protein. Human WINS1 mRNA was expressed in adult testis, prostate, spleen, thymus, skeletal muscle, fetal kidney & brain. This is the first report on molecular cloning & initial characterization of human WINS1. (PMID:12119551)
• Study confirms that LINS, a modulator of the WNT pathway, is an indispensable gene to human cognition and this finding sheds further light on the importance of WNT signaling in human brain development and/or function. (PMID:23773660)
• A novel pathogenic variant of the LINS1 gene has been identified in a child with idiopathic mental retardation (PMID:31922598)
• Identification of a novel nonsense homozygous mutation of LINS1 gene in two sisters with intellectual disability, schizophrenia, and anxiety. (PMID:34450347)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	lins1	ENSDARG00000086879
mus_musculus	Lins1	ENSMUSG00000053091
rattus_norvegicus	Lins1	ENSRNOG00000042776
drosophila_melanogaster	lin	FBGN0002552

Protein

Protein identifiers

Protein Lines homolog 1 — Q8NG48 (reviewed: Q8NG48)

Alternative names: Wnt-signaling molecule Lines homolog 1

All UniProt accessions (8): Q8NG48, H0YKU3, H0YM78, H0YMK4, H0YMQ0, H3BNM9, H3BNS6, S4R3B7

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Tissue specificity. Expressed in adult testis, prostate, prostate, spleen, thymus, skeletal muscle, fetal kidney and brain.

Disease relevance. Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 27 (MRT27) [MIM:614340] A disorder characterized by significantly below average general intellectual functioning associated with impairments in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the protein lines family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q8NG48-1	1	yes
Q8NG48-2	2
Q8NG48-3	3

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001035706, NP_001339436, NP_001339437 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR024875	Protein_Lines	Family
IPR029415	Lines_C	Domain
IPR032794	LINES_N	Domain

Pfam: PF14694, PF14695

UniProt features (14 total): sequence variant 8, splice variant 4, chain 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8NG48-F1	72.44	0.40

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 635

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 124 (showing top): GOBP_COGNITION, PAX4_01, NKX25_02, SP3_Q3, RACCACAR_AML_Q6, FOXO1_01, GGGTGGRR_PAX4_03, SP1_Q2_01, COUP_01, KYNG_DNA_DAMAGE_BY_GAMMA_RADIATION, ZIC1_01, NIKOLSKY_BREAST_CANCER_15Q26_AMPLICON, HNF4_01, ATGCTGG_MIR338, CYTAGCAAY_UNKNOWN

GO Biological Process (1): cognition (GO:0050890)

GO Molecular Function (0):

GO Cellular Component (0):

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
nervous system process	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

354 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
LINS1	MT-CO1	P00395	597
LINS1	POLR2B	P30876	572
LINS1	PFAS	O15067	542
LINS1	MT-CYB	P00156	447
LINS1	ADGB	Q8N7X0	424
LINS1	MT-ND5	P03915	419
LINS1	REEP5	Q00765	418
LINS1	INS	P01308	405
LINS1	MT-ND1	P03886	400
LINS1	MT-ND4L	P03901	400
LINS1	MT-ATP6	P00846	395
LINS1	MT-ND6	P03923	394
LINS1	P0DN79	P0DN79	390
LINS1	H7C2H4	H7C2H4	379
LINS1	MT-ND3	P03897	379

IntAct

8 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
PRPF19	AQR	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.790
PRPF19	PLRG1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.770
PLRG1	AQR	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
	NAP1L1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PLRG1	AQR	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
BCAS2	INPPL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
BCAS2	EPB41L2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (11): LINS (Biochemical Activity), LINS (Affinity Capture-MS), LINS (Affinity Capture-RNA), LINS (Positive Genetic), LINS (Negative Genetic), LINS (Affinity Capture-MS), LINS (Affinity Capture-MS), LINS (Affinity Capture-MS), LINS (Affinity Capture-MS), LINS (Affinity Capture-RNA), LINS (Affinity Capture-RNA)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2RRP1, A4D1B5, E1BGH8, O43149, O88480, P53995, Q12769, Q13129, Q13315, Q3MHH2, Q3TCV3, Q3TUL7, Q3UHA3, Q3UPC7, Q3URV1, Q402B2, Q4R7B1, Q4R9E9, Q5H9S7, Q5RB52, Q5SSH7, Q5ZL79, Q5ZLS8, Q62388, Q63517, Q6P2C0, Q6TNU3, Q86VV8, Q8BJW5, Q8CE72, Q8IV33, Q8K1K4, Q8K2A7, Q8NB91, Q8NG48, Q8R4Y8, Q8TEL6, Q91VB4, Q920I9, Q92674

Diamond homologs: Q3U1D0, Q8NG48

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

207 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	10
Likely pathogenic	21
Uncertain significance	77
Likely benign	36
Benign	37

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (30)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
120182	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.985_988del (p.His328_His329insTer)	Pathogenic
120183	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.1219_1222+1del	Pathogenic
2581772	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.274C>T (p.Gln92Ter)	Pathogenic
3338206	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.1116del (p.Glu372fs)	Pathogenic
3391492	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.1672_1679del (p.Gly558fs)	Pathogenic
3771635	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.982_985del (p.His328fs)	Pathogenic
429992	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.1096G>T (p.Glu366Ter)	Pathogenic
4537023	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.1460del (p.Asn487fs)	Pathogenic
800811	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.717C>A (p.Cys239Ter)	Pathogenic
817855	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.809del (p.Phe270fs)	Pathogenic
1214928	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.1276C>T (p.Gln426Ter)	Likely pathogenic
1333602	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.1424_1425del (p.Gln475fs)	Likely pathogenic
1679222	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.1432G>T (p.Glu478Ter)	Likely pathogenic
1684037	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.1727_1736del (p.Arg576fs)	Likely pathogenic
1800367	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.1754_1755del (p.Asp585fs)	Likely pathogenic
225032	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.1394+1G>T	Likely pathogenic
2431402	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.1921_1923delinsAC (p.Glu641fs)	Likely pathogenic
2441184	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.1222+2T>C	Likely pathogenic
2682503	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.631+1G>A	Likely pathogenic
2683927	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.1605G>A (p.Trp535Ter)	Likely pathogenic
3065021	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.2185A>T (p.Lys729Ter)	Likely pathogenic
3257737	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.2134del (p.Arg711_Ile712insTer)	Likely pathogenic
374936	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.937G>A (p.Glu313Lys)	Likely pathogenic
3911790	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.1557_1558insG (p.Phe520fs)	Likely pathogenic
3911791	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.1147dup (p.Arg383fs)	Likely pathogenic
4526452	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.497T>G (p.Leu166Ter)	Likely pathogenic
504353	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.244_248del (p.Met82fs)	Likely pathogenic
978100	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.490-1G>C	Likely pathogenic
982564	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.597del (p.Glu200fs)	Likely pathogenic
982565	NM_001040616.3(LINS1):c.557_558del (p.Lys186fs)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

1701 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
15:100570114:TCCT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:100570115:CCTC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:100570116:CT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:100570118:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:100574239:TTT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:100580488:CATCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
15:100603044:CAGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
15:100603045:AGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
15:100603047:GTAA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
15:100603210:TCTA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
15:100603211:CTAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
15:100603212:TAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
15:100603213:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:100603213:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:100603214:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:100603214:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:100603214:GGT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:100603214:GGTT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:100603214:GGTTT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
15:100570118:C:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
15:100571992:G:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
15:100571992:G:GC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
15:100573075:A:C	donor_gain	0.9900
15:100573135:C:CA	donor_gain	0.9900
15:100574241:TC:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
15:100574242:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
15:100574242:CTGC:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
15:100574243:T:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
15:100574981:CCATA:C	donor_loss	0.9900
15:100574982:CATA:C	donor_loss	0.9900

AlphaMissense

5029 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
15:100573715:G:C	S386R	0.992
15:100573715:G:T	S386R	0.992
15:100573717:T:G	S386R	0.992
15:100569356:A:G	L719P	0.990
15:100571962:G:C	F442L	0.988
15:100571962:G:T	F442L	0.988
15:100571964:A:G	F442L	0.988
15:100569335:A:G	L726S	0.986
15:100569316:G:C	F732L	0.983
15:100569316:G:T	F732L	0.983
15:100569318:A:G	F732L	0.983
15:100569962:T:A	E517V	0.983
15:100569974:A:G	L513S	0.983
15:100569979:G:C	D511E	0.983
15:100569979:G:T	D511E	0.983
15:100569980:T:A	D511V	0.983
15:100571951:T:G	D446A	0.983
15:100571952:C:G	D446H	0.983
15:100569317:A:G	F732S	0.982
15:100569980:T:G	D511A	0.981
15:100571951:T:A	D446V	0.980
15:100573961:T:A	K304N	0.980
15:100573961:T:G	K304N	0.980
15:100573962:T:A	K304I	0.980
15:100571979:A:G	W437R	0.979
15:100571979:A:T	W437R	0.979
15:100569317:A:C	F732C	0.978
15:100569974:A:C	L513W	0.978
15:100569981:C:G	D511H	0.977
15:100571934:C:G	A452P	0.977

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000000927 (15:100567755 C>A,T), RS1000004534 (15:100592192 C>A), RS1000350712 (15:100576941 T>C,G), RS1000444408 (15:100587339 G>A,C), RS1000600097 (15:100581883 T>G), RS1000628508 (15:100571512 G>C), RS1000784885 (15:100587849 T>G), RS1000797709 (15:100573504 T>G), RS1000878111 (15:100585764 A>C), RS1001066653 (15:100591576 A>C), RS1001137906 (15:100597660 T>C), RS1001181455 (15:100586050 C>T), RS1001199105 (15:100583607 T>A), RS1001251430 (15:100583998 A>G), RS1001363831 (15:100578003 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:610350 | disease phenotypes: MIM:614340, MIM:209850

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
intellectual disability, autosomal recessive 27	Strong	Autosomal recessive
autosomal recessive non-syndromic intellectual disability	Supportive	Autosomal recessive

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
complex neurodevelopmental disorder	Definitive	AR

Mondo (5): intellectual disability, autosomal recessive 27 (MONDO:0013702), intellectual disability (MONDO:0001071), autism (MONDO:0005260), microcephaly (MONDO:0001149), autosomal recessive non-syndromic intellectual disability (MONDO:0019502)

Orphanet (2): Autosomal recessive non-syndromic intellectual disability (Orphanet:88616), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Unexplained intellectual disability (Orphanet:319658)

HPO phenotypes

13 total (14 of 13 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000252	Microcephaly
HP:0000718	Aggressive behavior
HP:0001249	Intellectual disability
HP:0001252	Hypotonia
HP:0001263	Global developmental delay
HP:0001344	Absent speech
HP:0001508	Failure to thrive
HP:0001510	Growth delay
HP:0003593	Infantile onset
HP:0005280	Depressed nasal bridge
HP:0011800	Midface retrusion
HP:0032988	Persistent head lag
HP:0000717	Autism

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (3)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D001321	Autistic Disorder	F03.625.164.113.500
D008607	Intellectual Disability	C10.597.606.360; C23.888.592.604.646; F01.700.687; F03.625.539
D008831	Microcephaly	C05.660.207.620; C10.500.507.400.500; C16.131.621.207.620; C16.131.666.507.400.500

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

20 total (human), top 20 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Nickel	increases expression	2
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
nickel sulfate	decreases expression	1
vanadyl sulfate	decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
2-palmitoylglycerol	increases expression	1
torcetrapib	increases expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Temozolomide	affects response to substance	1
Zoledronic Acid	increases expression	1
Leflunomide	increases expression	1
Carmustine	affects response to substance	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Ethyl Methanesulfonate	increases expression	1
Formaldehyde	decreases expression	1
Methyl Methanesulfonate	increases expression	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	1
Valproic Acid	decreases expression	1
Antirheumatic Agents	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT05657860	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Guanfacine Extended Release for the Reduction of Aggression and Self-injurious Behavior Associated With Prader-Willi Syndrome
NCT05744479	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Metformin for Antipsychotic-induced Weight Gain in Adults With Intellectual Disability
NCT06107829	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Valbenazine Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia in Adults With Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities
NCT06997198	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Deutetrabenazine Treatment for Tardive Dyskinesia in Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities
NCT00211796	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Divalproex Sodium ER in Adult Autism
NCT00391261	PHASE4	COMPLETED	An Open-label Trial of Metformin for Weight Control of Pediatric Patients on Antipsychotic Medications.
NCT00409747	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Minocycline to Treat Childhood Regressive Autism
NCT00576732	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of Two Doses of Risperidone in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Autistic Disorder
NCT00844753	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Atomoxetine, Placebo and Parent Management Training in Autism
NCT01028820	PHASE4	COMPLETED	FMRI Brain Activation of Aripiprazole Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01098383	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Treatment With Acetyl-Choline Esterase Inhibitors in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01333865	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Memantine Hydrochloride (Namenda®) for Cognitive and Behavioral Impairment in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01337700	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Milnacipran in Autism and the Functional Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Model of Autism
NCT01695200	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT02069977	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Aripiprazole
NCT02096952	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Methylphenidate ER Liquid Formulation in Adults With ASD and ADHD
NCT02199925	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	An Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of High-Dose Gammaplex in Children on the Autism Spectrum
NCT02235467	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Multisite Study: Parental Training Using Video Modelling to Develop Social Skills in Children With Autism
NCT02255565	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Dose Response Effects of Quillivant XR in Children With ADHD and Autism: A Pilot Study
NCT02940574	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Neural and Behavioral Effects of Oxytocin in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03333629	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Promoting Positive Outcomes for Individuals With ASD: Linking Early Detection, Treatment, and Long-term Outcomes
NCT03337646	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of the Effect and Safety of Lisdexamfetamine in Children Aged 6-12 With ADHD and Autism
NCT03538431	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Improving Driving in Young People With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03757585	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Natural Treatments for the Management of Emotional Dysregulation in Youth With Non-verbal Learning Disability (NVLD) and/or Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
NCT04903353	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pragmatic Trial Comparing Weight Gain in Children With Autism Taking Risperidone Versus Aripiprazole
NCT05063656	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Biomarker-Driven Pharmacological Treatment of Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder With Gabapentin
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