LRFN4

Summary

LRFN4 (leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 4, HGNC:28456) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 11q13.2, encoding Leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 4 (Q6PJG9). Promotes neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons.

Predicted to be involved in regulation of postsynaptic density assembly; regulation of presynapse assembly; and synaptic membrane adhesion. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in several cellular components, including GABA-ergic synapse; glutamatergic synapse; and postsynaptic density membrane.

Source: NCBI Gene 78999 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 113 total — 3 pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_024036

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:28456
Approved symbol	LRFN4
Name	leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 4
Location	11q13.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	MGC3103, SALM3., FIGLER6
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000173621
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	612810
Entrez	78999

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 4 — 3 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000309602, ENST00000393952, ENST00000531590, ENST00000939890

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_024036 NM_001363524, NM_024036

CCDS: CCDS8153

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000309602 — 2 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001187681	66859637	66860475
ENSE00001187692	66857064	66859093

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 214 present calls, max score 93.03.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 13.6621 / max 109.5274, expressed in 1761 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
115378	8.7657	1688
115376	2.1802	1079
115375	1.6892	949
115377	1.0270	562

Top tissues by expression

272 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	93.03	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	91.52	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	91.39	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	90.24	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	90.16	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	90.04	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	89.09	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	88.17	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	87.49	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	85.33	gold quality
embryo	UBERON:0000922	85.24	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	85.24	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	85.06	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	84.29	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	84.23	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	84.23	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	84.20	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	83.99	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	83.97	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	83.94	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	83.73	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	83.60	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	83.48	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	83.39	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	83.29	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	83.06	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	82.50	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	82.41	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	82.01	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	81.88	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	1.19

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

31 targeting LRFN4, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-340-5P	100.00	72.50	4437
HSA-MIR-4795-3P	100.00	74.62	4024
HSA-MIR-4500	99.99	72.72	2367
HSA-LET-7A-5P	99.98	72.29	1790
HSA-LET-7B-5P	99.98	72.31	1790
HSA-LET-7C-5P	99.98	72.29	1790
HSA-LET-7E-5P	99.98	72.29	1790
HSA-LET-7F-5P	99.98	72.56	1784
HSA-LET-7G-5P	99.98	72.37	1784
HSA-LET-7I-5P	99.98	72.37	1788
HSA-MIR-98-5P	99.98	72.33	1787
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-LET-7D-5P	99.96	71.76	1632
HSA-MIR-4458	99.96	71.64	1650
HSA-MIR-6768-5P	99.92	67.36	1942
HSA-MIR-7162-3P	99.89	68.16	1682
HSA-MIR-548D-3P	99.87	70.67	4362
HSA-MIR-548BB-3P	99.86	70.58	4354
HSA-MIR-3663-3P	99.84	70.39	798
HSA-MIR-202-3P	99.84	71.41	1290
HSA-MIR-548AC	99.84	70.77	4351
HSA-MIR-548H-3P	99.84	70.80	4349
HSA-MIR-548Z	99.84	70.80	4349
HSA-MIR-6752-3P	99.72	66.71	1587
HSA-MIR-4251	99.40	69.19	3363
HSA-MIR-544B	99.18	67.41	1632
HSA-MIR-6804-3P	98.72	64.82	852
HSA-MIR-210-5P	98.57	64.37	832
HSA-MIR-4443	98.02	66.25	1928
HSA-MIR-6793-3P	97.66	65.78	1084

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 5)

• Data indicate that LRFN4 signaling plays an important role in the migration of monocytes/macrophages. (PMID:21704618)
• LRFN4 complexed with 14-3-3s and NCK1 to mediate elongation in monocytic cells via Rac-1-mediated actin cytoskeleton reorganization (PMID:22677168)
• SALM3 regulates excitatory synapse development and locomotion behavior. (PMID:26321637)
• SALM3 is overexpressed in the tumor cells and fibroblasts of gastric cancer patients. High SALM3 expression is associated with poor prognosis. (PMID:31089399)
• [Expression and clinical significance of LRFN4 in colorectal cancer tissue]. (PMID:32536098)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Lrfn4	ENSMUSG00000045045
rattus_norvegicus	Lrfn4	ENSRNOG00000019356

Paralogs (25): SLITRK3 (ENSG00000121871), LRFN3 (ENSG00000126243), LRFN1 (ENSG00000128011), SLIT2 (ENSG00000145147), LRFN2 (ENSG00000156564), LRRC38 (ENSG00000162494), SLITRK5 (ENSG00000165300), LRFN5 (ENSG00000165379), LRTM2 (ENSG00000166159), LINGO1 (ENSG00000169783), LRRN2 (ENSG00000170382), LRRN3 (ENSG00000173114), LINGO2 (ENSG00000174482), LRRN1 (ENSG00000175928), SLITRK1 (ENSG00000178235), GP5 (ENSG00000178732), SLITRK4 (ENSG00000179542), LRRC55 (ENSG00000183908), SLIT3 (ENSG00000184347), SLITRK6 (ENSG00000184564), SLITRK2 (ENSG00000185985), LRRC70 (ENSG00000186105), SLIT1 (ENSG00000187122), TLR9 (ENSG00000239732), TPBGL (ENSG00000261594)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 4 — Q6PJG9 (reviewed: Q6PJG9)

All UniProt accessions (2): Q6PJG9, E7ENX6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Promotes neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons. May play a role in redistributing DLG4 to the cell periphery.

Subunit / interactions. Can form heteromeric complexes with LRFN1, LRFN2, LRFN3 and LRFN5. Unable to form homophilic interactions across cell junctions. Interacts with DLG1, DLG2, DLG3 and DLG4.

Subcellular location. Membrane.

Post-translational modifications. Glycosylated.

Domain organisation. The PDZ-binding motif is required for neurite outgrowth promotion. This motif is also involved in DLG1-, DLG3- and DLG4-binding.

Similarity. Belongs to the LRFN family.

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001350453, NP_076941* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000483	Cys-rich_flank_reg_C	Domain
IPR001611	Leu-rich_rpt	Repeat
IPR003591	Leu-rich_rpt_typical-subtyp	Repeat
IPR003598	Ig_sub2	Domain
IPR003599	Ig_sub	Domain
IPR003961	FN3_dom	Domain
IPR007110	Ig-like_dom	Domain
IPR013098	Ig_I-set	Domain
IPR013783	Ig-like_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR032675	LRR_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036116	FN3_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036179	Ig-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050467	LRFN	Family

Pfam: PF00041, PF00560, PF07679, PF13855

UniProt features (31 total): repeat 7, glycosylation site 6, domain 4, region of interest 2, topological domain 2, modified residue 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, short sequence motif 1, compositionally biased region 1, disulfide bond 1, sequence variant 1, transmembrane region 1, mutagenesis site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q6PJG9-F1	78.25	0.54

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (2): 585, 626

Disulfide bonds (1): 302–351

Glycosylation sites (6): 25, 70, 324, 333, 376, 440

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1):

Position	Phenotype
633–635	loss of dlg1-, dlg3- and dlg4-binding.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-8849932	Synaptic adhesion-like molecules
R-HSA-112316	Neuronal System
R-HSA-6794362	Protein-protein interactions at synapses

MSigDB gene sets: 138 (showing top): GAANYNYGACNY_UNKNOWN, GOBP_SYNAPSE_ASSEMBLY, GOCC_CELL_SURFACE, AREB6_01, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_JUNCTION_ASSEMBLY, TGACCTY_ERR1_Q2, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_BIOGENESIS, GGGTGGRR_PAX4_03, chr11q13, CEBPB_01, COUP_01, GOBP_CELL_CELL_ADHESION, WEI_MYCN_TARGETS_WITH_E_BOX, GOBP_CELL_JUNCTION_ORGANIZATION, RICKMAN_TUMOR_DIFFERENTIATED_WELL_VS_POORLY_DN

GO Biological Process (3): regulation of postsynaptic density assembly (GO:0099151), synaptic membrane adhesion (GO:0099560), regulation of presynapse assembly (GO:1905606)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), cell surface (GO:0009986), postsynaptic density membrane (GO:0098839), glutamatergic synapse (GO:0098978), GABA-ergic synapse (GO:0098982), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Protein-protein interactions at synapses	1
Neuronal System	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	2
synapse	2
postsynaptic density assembly	1
regulation of postsynaptic specialization assembly	1
regulation of excitatory synapse assembly	1
regulation of postsynaptic density organization	1
synapse organization	1
cell-cell adhesion	1
regulation of synapse assembly	1
presynapse assembly	1
regulation of presynapse organization	1
binding	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
postsynaptic density	1
postsynaptic membrane	1
postsynaptic specialization membrane	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1382 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
LRFN4	PTPRS	Q13332	816
LRFN4	IL1RAPL1	Q9NZN1	752
LRFN4	DLG4	P78352	692
LRFN4	IL1RAP	Q9NPH3	667
LRFN4	FN1	P02751	601
LRFN4	SLC32A1	Q9H598	474
LRFN4	NTNG1	Q9Y2I2	466
LRFN4	NTRK3	Q16288	464
LRFN4	SYP	P08247	462
LRFN4	POMGNT1	Q8WZA1	459
LRFN4	NTNG2	Q96CW9	443
LRFN4	EFHB	Q8N7U6	441
LRFN4	NRXN2	Q9P2S2	430
LRFN4	KLC2	Q9H0B6	430
LRFN4	KLC3	Q6P597	429

IntAct

85 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
LRFN4	NCK2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
BMAL1	CLOCK	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.720
LRFN4	NCK1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.690
NCK2	SH3PXD2B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
STX7	SNAP23	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
MPDZ	SMCHD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.590
LRFN4	NOTCH2NLA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
NOTCH2NLA	LRFN4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
LRFN4	P4HB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KRTAP1-1	LRFN4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
LRFN4	ADAMTSL4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KRTAP10-8	LRFN4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KRTAP1-3	LRFN4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
NOTCH2NLC	LRFN4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KRTAP6-2	LRFN4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
P4HB	LRFN4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CYSRT1	LRFN4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
LRFN4	PTPRD	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.540
LRFN4	PTPRS	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.540
LRFN4	PTPRF	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.540

BioGRID (98): NOTCH2NL (Two-hybrid), SPECC1L (Affinity Capture-MS), MYO18A (Affinity Capture-MS), AP2A1 (Affinity Capture-MS), AP2A2 (Affinity Capture-MS), AP1B1 (Affinity Capture-MS), FBXO46 (Affinity Capture-MS), REPS1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LRFN4 (Affinity Capture-MS), LRFN4 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCK2 (Affinity Capture-MS), DYNLL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCK1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LGALS1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LRFN4 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2A9Q0, A5PKD8, B0BNK7, D2HFT7, D4ABX8, E9Q7T7, O75325, O94819, P0C7J6, P0DKB5, Q04785, Q13641, Q1RMS4, Q24JP5, Q28730, Q2I0M4, Q2WF71, Q460M5, Q4R8Y9, Q50LG9, Q5PQV5, Q6NUI6, Q6PJG9, Q6UKI2, Q7M6Z0, Q80TG9, Q80W15, Q80WD1, Q80XU8, Q86UN3, Q86WK7, Q8BHA1, Q8BLY3, Q8BNW9, Q8C013, Q8WX77, Q96PE1, Q9BE71, Q9BTN0, Q9BY71

Diamond homologs: A0A1Y9G8H0, A0A452E9Y6, A1KZ92, A2A8L5, A2AJ76, A4IFW2, A4IGL7, A4IIW9, A5JUY8, A7MBJ4, A8WGA3, A8WQH2, B0BNK7, B3A0P3, D2HFT7, D3YXG0, D4A1J9, D4ABX8, G5EBF1, G5EG78, H2A0M7, O15146, O35158, O55005, O89026, P05164, P07202, P09933, P0C6S8, P0C7J6, P11247, P11678, P14650, P16621, P22079, P23468, P35419, P49290, P70193, P80025

SIGNOR signaling

3 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
LRFN4	up-regulates	Synaptic_plasticity
LRFN4	“up-regulates activity”	DLG4	binding
LRFN4	up-regulates	Neurite_outgrowth

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 66 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	5	14.9×	8e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

113 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	3
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	101
Likely benign	4
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (3)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1030920	NM_001040716.2(PC):c.1368+3605C>A	Pathogenic
1457685	NC_000011.9:g.(?66618135)(66639640_?)del	Pathogenic
3896256	NC_000011.9:g.(66616842_66617081)_(66639631_66719900)del	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

298 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
11:66859636:GGATT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:66859094:G:GA	donor_loss	0.9900
11:66859095:T:G	donor_loss	0.9900
11:66859099:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9900
11:66859633:GCAG:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900
11:66859635:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:66859635:A:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
11:66859635:AG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:66859636:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:66859636:GG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:66859075:A:G	donor_gain	0.9800
11:66859094:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9800
11:66859636:GGA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9800
11:66859096:G:GG	donor_loss	0.9700
11:66859636:GGAT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9600
11:66859634:CAGGA:C	acceptor_gain	0.9500
11:66859632:TGCAG:T	acceptor_gain	0.9200
11:66859633:GCAGG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9200
11:66859635:AGGAT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9200
11:66859100:A:G	donor_gain	0.9100
11:66856716:C:CA	donor_gain	0.8800
11:66859632:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.8500
11:66859636:G:T	acceptor_gain	0.8500
11:66859097:A:AC	donor_loss	0.7800
11:66859509:C:CG	donor_gain	0.7800
11:66857082:G:A	donor_gain	0.7700
11:66859631:CTGCA:C	acceptor_gain	0.7600
11:66859311:TCCC:T	donor_gain	0.7500
11:66859663:T:TA	donor_gain	0.7500
11:66858219:C:T	donor_gain	0.7400

AlphaMissense

4004 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
11:66857902:T:C	L53P	1.000
11:66857918:C:A	N58K	1.000
11:66857918:C:G	N58K	1.000
11:66857974:T:C	L77P	1.000
11:66857989:A:T	N82I	1.000
11:66857990:T:A	N82K	1.000
11:66857990:T:G	N82K	1.000
11:66858684:T:A	W314R	1.000
11:66858684:T:C	W314R	1.000
11:66858686:G:C	W314C	1.000
11:66858686:G:T	W314C	1.000
11:66858809:C:A	N355K	1.000
11:66858809:C:G	N355K	1.000
11:66857917:A:T	N58I	0.999
11:66857947:T:C	F68S	0.999
11:66857947:T:G	F68C	0.999
11:66857988:A:T	N82Y	0.999
11:66858046:T:A	L101H	0.999
11:66858046:T:C	L101P	0.999
11:66858052:T:C	L103P	0.999
11:66858061:A:T	N106I	0.999
11:66858062:C:A	N106K	0.999
11:66858062:C:G	N106K	0.999
11:66858118:T:C	L125P	0.999
11:66858193:T:C	L150P	0.999
11:66858199:T:C	L152P	0.999
11:66858208:A:T	N155I	0.999
11:66858209:C:A	N155K	0.999
11:66858209:C:G	N155K	0.999
11:66858279:A:T	N179Y	0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000108299 (11:66855711 A>G), RS1000607687 (11:66859224 C>A,G), RS1001442385 (11:66856405 G>A,T), RS1001580764 (11:66856239 G>A), RS1002069642 (11:66859460 C>T), RS1002348780 (11:66860437 C>T), RS1002591167 (11:66856249 C>A), RS1002723359 (11:66856091 G>A,C), RS1002849907 (11:66857125 C>T), RS1003520205 (11:66857320 G>A,C), RS1004020266 (11:66857405 G>A,C), RS1004504517 (11:66859871 T>C), RS1004972521 (11:66858775 G>A), RS1005176822 (11:66860725 C>G,T), RS1005700699 (11:66858732 G>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:612810 | disease phenotypes: MIM:266150

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): pyruvate carboxylase deficiency disease (MONDO:0009949)

Orphanet (1): Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency (Orphanet:3008)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001241_12	Bipolar disorder	2.000000e-07
GCST007324_130	Adventurousness	8.000000e-10
GCST008103_30	Bipolar disorder	4.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0008579	risk-taking behaviour

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D015324	Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency Disease	C10.228.140.163.100.725; C16.320.565.189.725; C16.320.565.202.810.666; C18.452.132.100.725; C18.452.648.189.725; C18.452.648.202.810.666; C18.452.660.705

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

24 total (human), top 24 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
FR900359	decreases phosphorylation	1
trichostatin A	affects expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
cupric chloride	increases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
jinfukang	increases expression	1
MT19c compound	decreases expression	1
4-(4-((5-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid	decreases expression	1
Bortezomib	decreases expression	1
Temozolomide	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Estradiol	increases expression	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	1
Tretinoin	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	decreases expression, increases methylation	1
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide	decreases expression	1
Cyclosporine	increases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	increases methylation	1
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

1 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT01461304	Not specified	NO_LONGER_AVAILABLE	Compassionate Use of Triheptanoin (C7) for Inherited Disorders of Energy Metabolism