LRP1

Summary

LRP1 (LDL receptor related protein 1, HGNC:6692) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12q13.3, encoding Prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (Q07954). Endocytic receptor involved in endocytosis and in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells.

This gene encodes a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family of proteins. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed by furin to generate 515 kDa and 85 kDa subunits that form the mature receptor (PMID: 8546712). This receptor is involved in several cellular processes, including intracellular signaling, lipid homeostasis, and clearance of apoptotic cells. In addition, the encoded protein is necessary for the alpha 2-macroglobulin-mediated clearance of secreted amyloid precursor protein and beta-amyloid, the main component of amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer patients. Expression of this gene decreases with age and has been found to be lower than controls in brain tissue from Alzheimer’s disease patients.

Source: NCBI Gene 4035 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): keratosis pilaris atrophicans (Moderate, GenCC) — +4 more curated relationships
• GWAS associations: 52
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 756 total — 5 pathogenic, 1 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 2
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_002332

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:6692
Approved symbol	LRP1
Name	LDL receptor related protein 1
Location	12q13.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	LRP, CD91, LRP1A, APOER, IGFBP3R1, IGFBP-3R
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000123384
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	107770
Entrez	4035

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 12 — 6 protein_coding, 5 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000243077, ENST00000338962, ENST00000451724, ENST00000553277, ENST00000553446, ENST00000554118, ENST00000554174, ENST00000555124, ENST00000555941, ENST00000556247, ENST00000556356, ENST00000556830

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_002332 NM_002332

CCDS: CCDS8932

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000243077 — 89 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000838818	57143679	57143798
ENSE00001107512	57138459	57138581
ENSE00001107525	57141374	57141511
ENSE00001107552	57145227	57145490
ENSE00001107561	57144972	57145100
ENSE00001217215	57128483	57129031
ENSE00001289847	57195658	57195780
ENSE00001290843	57193899	57194012
ENSE00001290948	57180330	57180479
ENSE00001290991	57167444	57167524
ENSE00001291411	57196087	57196277
ENSE00001291635	57200442	57200535
ENSE00001292073	57177427	57177591
ENSE00001292593	57184085	57184214
ENSE00001292871	57197299	57197384
ENSE00001294437	57173780	57173980
ENSE00001295270	57162858	57162983
ENSE00001295680	57205109	57205249
ENSE00001296112	57175909	57176106
ENSE00001297467	57208038	57208216
ENSE00001297961	57178890	57179021
ENSE00001298063	57158402	57158638
ENSE00001298595	57198156	57198343
ENSE00001299409	57191320	57191512
ENSE00001299981	57159825	57160005
ENSE00001301122	57156777	57156920
ENSE00001302141	57195271	57195399
ENSE00001302177	57154479	57154701
ENSE00001303363	57208711	57208817
ENSE00001304021	57185081	57185205
ENSE00001305366	57199212	57199400
ENSE00001305812	57183379	57183510
ENSE00001306379	57202421	57202537
ENSE00001307523	57204627	57204749
ENSE00001307564	57181157	57181291
ENSE00001308210	57184839	57184990
ENSE00001309278	57179782	57179956
ENSE00001311178	57179329	57179556
ENSE00001312663	57175460	57175705
ENSE00001314212	57180667	57180807
ENSE00001314255	57195863	57196003
ENSE00001314694	57201780	57201905
ENSE00001315700	57196982	57197165
ENSE00001316630	57173168	57173350
ENSE00001316690	57190805	57191009
ENSE00001316808	57192845	57192970
ENSE00001317407	57165805	57165945
ENSE00001318058	57194985	57195101
ENSE00001318488	57198465	57198670
ENSE00001318771	57162317	57162518
ENSE00001318999	57166930	57167046
ENSE00001319306	57193566	57193685
ENSE00001319434	57194354	57194503
ENSE00001319703	57177041	57177245
ENSE00001320947	57154208	57154370
ENSE00001321088	57193176	57193304
ENSE00001321501	57169140	57169307
ENSE00001322267	57201497	57201619
ENSE00001323007	57185531	57185908
ENSE00001323838	57194577	57194699
ENSE00001324059	57203181	57203287
ENSE00001324415	57166084	57166209
ENSE00001325523	57178359	57178603
ENSE00001325742	57197545	57197664
ENSE00001326661	57184326	57184452
ENSE00001327741	57160893	57161115
ENSE00001328542	57199877	57200025
ENSE00001328642	57187267	57187456
ENSE00001328727	57180047	57180141
ENSE00001330203	57156094	57156283
ENSE00001330334	57183775	57183909
ENSE00002526086	57212415	57213361
ENSE00003477118	57210718	57210879
ENSE00003509910	57209083	57209199
ENSE00003519416	57211927	57212017
ENSE00003525660	57211750	57211814
ENSE00003537158	57200699	57200815
ENSE00003553876	57203389	57203521
ENSE00003561584	57211176	57211350
ENSE00003573884	57206473	57206741
ENSE00003588802	57201034	57201153
ENSE00003620253	57210029	57210169
ENSE00003623915	57211487	57211588
ENSE00003627060	57204410	57204529
ENSE00003628760	57205351	57205485
ENSE00003658638	57212117	57212261
ENSE00003673520	57209692	57209868
ENSE00003691935	57205558	57205677
ENSE00003692388	57210307	57210480

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 293 present calls, max score 99.28.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 60.1123 / max 1236.6497, expressed in 1575 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
126153	53.5136	1541
126152	3.7300	1234
126156	1.5632	725
126151	0.6825	364
126150	0.4455	251
126171	0.1775	89

Top tissues by expression

301 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	99.28	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	99.08	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	99.07	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	99.07	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	99.04	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	99.01	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	98.97	gold quality
peripheral nervous system	UBERON:0000010	98.77	gold quality
nerve	UBERON:0001021	98.77	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	98.77	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	98.76	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	98.75	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	98.75	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	98.74	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	98.73	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	98.70	gold quality
pericardium	UBERON:0002407	98.69	gold quality
coronary artery	UBERON:0001621	98.67	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	98.65	gold quality
aorta	UBERON:0000947	98.64	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	98.64	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	98.53	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	98.49	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	98.43	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	98.37	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	98.37	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	98.34	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	98.16	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	98.02	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	98.02	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 15 experiment(s), a significant marker in 14.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-10287	yes	101.23
E-HCAD-1	yes	76.32
E-CURD-122	yes	67.90
E-GEOD-135922	yes	60.23
E-MTAB-8410	yes	56.76
E-MTAB-6678	yes	39.96
E-MTAB-9221	yes	26.86
E-MTAB-9543	yes	21.33
E-MTAB-8498	yes	11.91
E-GEOD-81547	yes	9.01
E-MTAB-9801	yes	7.28
E-CURD-112	yes	6.55
E-ENAD-27	yes	6.50
E-MTAB-10290	no	549.62
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: yes

Downstream targets (CollecTRI)

3 targets.

Target	Regulation
CCN2	Repression
NOX4	Repression
TGFB1	Repression

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): APP, CNBP, CTNNB1, GLI3, HIF1A, IRF6, PPARG, RXRA, RXRB, SREBF1, SREBF2, TP53, YBX1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

77 targeting LRP1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-200B-3P	100.00	73.31	2693
HSA-MIR-200C-3P	100.00	73.35	2685
HSA-MIR-429	100.00	73.44	2698
HSA-MIR-4283	100.00	66.42	2097
HSA-MIR-126-5P	100.00	72.71	3180
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-4692	100.00	67.32	2066
HSA-MIR-4531	99.99	69.70	3181
HSA-MIR-4514	99.99	67.10	1870
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-6825-5P	99.96	69.81	3431
HSA-MIR-1250-3P	99.96	70.04	4038
HSA-MIR-545-3P	99.95	70.74	2783
HSA-MIR-185-3P	99.95	67.01	1743
HSA-MIR-8082	99.95	67.27	1170
HSA-MIR-338-5P	99.92	72.34	2951
HSA-MIR-153-5P	99.89	73.86	6317
HSA-MIR-4731-5P	99.89	67.23	2537
HSA-MIR-4492	99.87	68.25	3611
HSA-MIR-4728-5P	99.85	69.39	4718
HSA-MIR-369-3P	99.85	70.52	2264
HSA-MIR-6785-5P	99.82	68.68	4428
HSA-MIR-944	99.82	70.85	3042
HSA-MIR-205-5P	99.81	70.05	1557
HSA-MIR-6842-5P	99.80	67.54	1587
HSA-MIR-7110-5P	99.80	67.84	1712
HSA-MIR-2681-5P	99.75	67.64	1655
HSA-MIR-8084	99.73	69.57	1760
HSA-MIR-149-3P	99.72	68.22	3963

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• LRP was involved essentially for the cell-mediated LDL oxidation by 12/15-lipoxygenase expressed in J774A.1 cells, suggesting an important pathophysiological role of this receptor-enzyme system as the initial trigger of the progression of atherosclerosis. (PMID:11479307)
• Interaction of CED-6/GULP, an adapter protein involved in engulfment of apoptotic cells with CED-1 and CD91/low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP). (PMID:11729193)
• function in facilitating cellular uptake and degrdation of beta-amyloid peptide (PMID:11823454)
• mediates fibronectin catabolism and inhibits fibronectin accumulation on cell surface; functions as a catabolic receptor for fibronectin (PMID:11867643)
• investigation of cleavage site resulting in release of intracellular domain (PMID:11907044)
• The involvement of human low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) in the clearance of FVIII was established by infusion of hLRP in vWF-deficient mice. (PMID:11992244)
• Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and factor IXa share structural requirements for binding to the A3 domain of coagulation factor VIII (PMID:12522143)
• LRP may function as a regulator of blood coagulation (PMID:12522212)
• High levels of CD91 may be a host factor that contributes to the maintenance of long-term nonprogression of HIV-1-infected “true” long-term nonprogressors (PMID:12531796)
• Allosteric modulation of ligand binding to low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein by the receptor-associated protein requires critical lysine residues within its carboxyl-terminal domain (PMID:12637503)
• is involved in the Lf-enhanced collagen gel contractile activity of WI-38 fibroblasts by converting the Lf binding signal into the activation of ERK1/2 and MLCK (PMID:12672816)
• dendritic cells derived from patients with Kaposi sarcoma in AIDS retain the ability to prime the adaptive arm of the immune system through CD91, leading to phenotypic activation and stimulation of tetramer-positive CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. (PMID:12750160)
• The T allele of the C766T polymorphism in the LRP1 gene is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer development in women of Caucasian origin. (PMID:12793904)
• apoER2 has a role in platelet adhesion and thrombus formation, along with beta-2-glycoprotein i (PMID:12807892)
• LRP1 has a role in inhibitin cell migration by binding to apoE, which activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PMID:12857755)
• low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein cytoplasmic domain has a novel signaling function, negatively impacting transcriptional activity of the APP, Fe65, and Tip60 complex in the nucleus (PMID:12888553)
• Data show that tissue plasminogen activator upregulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 in cell culture and in vivo, and that this is mediated by the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. (PMID:12960961)
• LRP1 is the type V TGF-beta receptor and mediates growth inhibition by IGFBP-3 (PMID:14597676)
• the presentation of LRP and the subsequent uptake of its ligands by malignant cells are both strongly regulated by MT1-MMP (PMID:14645246)
• Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 promotes beta1 integrin maturation and transport to the cell surface (PMID:14699139)
• LRP1 interacts with the human frizzled-1 (HFz1) and down-regulates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (PMID:14739301)
• The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein is a motogenic receptor for plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PMID:15001579)
• We suggest that these regional variations in LRP1 genotype and allele frequencies in AD could be related to the different patterns of association between this polymorphism and the disease in various European studies (PMID:15048651)
• Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein intracellular domain co-localizes with MafB to the nucleus and negatively regulates its transcriptional activity, suggesting a possible role for LRP in brain development (PMID:15135046)
• low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 binds to cell surface annexin VI (PMID:15226301)
• phosphorylation of LRP by PKCalpha modulates the endocytic and signaling function of LRP by modifying its association with adaptor proteins (PMID:15272003)
• A direct influence of the LRP1 promoter polymorphism c.1-25C>G on the human in vivo LRP1 expression level was demonstrated in a survey of 448 German Caucasian subjects (PMID:15288502)
• Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein LRP interaction with amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) and/or Abeta-induced LRP loss at the blood-brain barrier mediate brain accumulation of neurotoxic Abeta. (PMID:15294142)
• the absence of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein resulted in complete abrogation of beta2-integrin-dependent adhesion to endothelial cells in a perfusion system (PMID:15328156)
• Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB is critical for PF4-induced E-selectin expression, and LRP is the cell surface receptor mediating this effect (PMID:15591119)
• LRP1 plays a predominant role in human osteoblast expression of receptors of the LDLR family with a capacity for vitamin K1 uptake through chylomicron receptor endocytosis (PMID:15647823)
• endocytosis of LRP modulates cell surface distribution and processing of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (PMID:15705569)
• The protective effect of LRP1 in the vessel wall seems to be mainly due to its role in controlling certain signaling pathways. (PMID:15705932)
• Data suggest that there is a close interaction between beta-secretase (BACE) and LRP1 on the cell surface in association with lipid rafts, and that LRP1 is a novel BACE substrate. (PMID:15749709)
• deletion experiments suggested that the last 50 amino acid residues of LRP-soluble tail contain the important domain for altering APP processing and Abeta production (PMID:15772078)
• Increased surface expression of CD91 on CD14(+) monocytes is associated with the apparent HIV-1 resistance that is observed in HIV seronegative subjects. (PMID:15800028)
• like the LDL receptor, LRP prefers lipid-bound forms of apoE, but in contrast to the LDL receptor, both LRP and the VLDL receptor recognize all apoE isoforms (PMID:15863833)
• PDGFR-beta activation promotes its association with the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (PMID:15944146)
• LRP has roles in cell migration, proliferation and vascular permeability [review] (PMID:16102056)
• Review provides an overview of the structural and functional information that implicates transmembrane proteins CD91 and CD93 in complement 1q (C1q)-mediated functional effects, by promoting apoptotic clearance and phagocytosis, respectively. (Review) (PMID:16167883)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	lrp1ab	ENSDARG00000029146
danio_rerio	lrp1aa	ENSDARG00000097827
mus_musculus	Lrp1	ENSMUSG00000040249
rattus_norvegicus	Lrp1	ENSRNOG00000025053
drosophila_melanogaster	arr	FBGN0000119

Paralogs (14): LRP6 (ENSG00000070018), LRP2 (ENSG00000081479), NID2 (ENSG00000087303), NID1 (ENSG00000116962), LDLR (ENSG00000130164), LRP3 (ENSG00000130881), LRP4 (ENSG00000134569), EGF (ENSG00000138798), LRP12 (ENSG00000147650), VLDLR (ENSG00000147852), LRP8 (ENSG00000157193), LRP5 (ENSG00000162337), LRP1B (ENSG00000168702), LRP10 (ENSG00000197324)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 — Q07954 (reviewed: Q07954)

Alternative names: Alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor, Apolipoprotein E receptor

All UniProt accessions (5): Q07954, H0YJ88, H0YJI8, Q6PJ72, Q7Z7K9

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Endocytic receptor involved in endocytosis and in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Required for early embryonic development. Involved in cellular lipid homeostasis. Involved in the plasma clearance of chylomicron remnants and activated LRPAP1 (alpha 2-macroglobulin), as well as the local metabolism of complexes between plasminogen activators and their endogenous inhibitors. Acts as an LRPAP1 alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor. Acts as TAU/MAPT receptor and controls the endocytosis of TAU/MAPT as well as its subsequent spread. May modulate cellular events, such as APP metabolism, kinase-dependent intracellular signaling, neuronal calcium signaling as well as neurotransmission. Also acts as a receptor for IGFBP3 to mediate cell growth inhibition. (Microbial infection) Functions as a receptor for Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A.

Subunit / interactions. Heterodimer of an 85-kDa membrane-bound carboxyl subunit and a non-covalently attached 515-kDa N-terminal subunit. Intracellular domain interacts with MAFB. Found in a complex with PID1/PCLI1, LRP1 and CUBNI. Interacts with SNX17, PID1/PCLI1, PDGF and CUBN. The intracellular domain interacts with SHC1, GULP1 and DAB1. Can weakly interact (via NPXY motif) with DAB2 (via PID domain); the interaction is enhanced by tyrosine phosphorylation of the NPXY motif. Interacts with MDK; promotes neuronal survival. Interacts with LRPAP1; this interaction is followed by rapid internalization. Interacts with uPA/PLAU and PAI1/SERPINE1, either individually or in complex with each other, leading to rapid endocytosis; this interaction is abolished in the presence of LRPAP1/RAP. Also interacts with tPA/PLAT alone or in complex with SERPINE1. Interacts with the urokinase receptor PLAUR; this interaction leads to PLAUR internalization and is impaired in the presence of SORL1. Interacts with PDGFB. Interacts with TAU/MAPT, leading to endocytosis; this interaction is reduced in the presence of LRPAP1/RAP. Interacts with IGFBP3; this interaction mediates cell growth inhibition independently of IGF1. Interacts with ADGRG6. (Microbial infection) Interacts with bacterial exotoxins. (Microbial infection) Interacts with Rift valley fever virus (RVFV) glycoprotein N; this interaction facilitates virus entry.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane. Membrane. Coated pit Cell membrane. Coated pit Cytoplasm. Nucleus Golgi outpost. Cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton. Microtubule organizing center.

Tissue specificity. Most abundant in liver, brain and lung.

Post-translational modifications. Cleaved into a 85 kDa membrane-spanning subunit (LRP-85) and a 515 kDa large extracellular domain (LRP-515) that remains non-covalently associated. Gamma-secretase-dependent cleavage of LRP-85 releases the intracellular domain from the membrane. The N-terminus is blocked. Phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon stimulation with PDGF. Tyrosine phosphorylation promotes interaction with SHC1.

Disease relevance. Keratosis pilaris atrophicans (KPA) [MIM:604093] A group of rare genodermatoses characterized by keratotic follicular papules, variable degrees of inflammation, and secondary atrophic scarring. Most cases are associated with an atopic diathesis and keratosis pilaris on the extensor extremities. KPA is comprised of three distinct clinical subtypes: keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei, atrophoderma vermiculatum, and keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans. Affected individuals may present with features overlapping the 3 subtypes. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Developmental dysplasia of the hip 3 (DDH3) [MIM:620690] An autosomal dominant form of congenital dysplasia of the hip, a common skeletal anomaly in which the normal seating of the femoral head in the acetabulum is disrupted. Its severity ranges from mild instability of the femoral head with slight capsular laxity, permitting minimal lateral displacement, through moderate lateral displacement of the femoral head, without loss of contact of the head with the acetabulum, up to complete dislocation of the femoral head from the acetabulum. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the LDLR family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q07954-1	1	yes
Q07954-2	2

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_002323* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000033	LDLR_classB_rpt	Repeat
IPR000152	EGF-type_Asp/Asn_hydroxyl_site	PTM
IPR000742	EGF	Domain
IPR001881	EGF-like_Ca-bd_dom	Domain
IPR002172	LDrepeatLR_classA_rpt	Repeat
IPR009030	Growth_fac_rcpt_cys_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR011042	6-blade_b-propeller_TolB-like	Homologous_superfamily
IPR018097	EGF_Ca-bd_CS	Conserved_site
IPR023415	LDLR_class-A_CS	Conserved_site
IPR026823	cEGF	Domain
IPR036055	LDL_receptor-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR049883	NOTCH1_EGF-like	Domain
IPR051221	LDLR-related	Family

Pfam: PF00057, PF00058, PF07645, PF12662, PF14670

UniProt features (409 total): disulfide bond 159, domain 53, glycosylation site 52, repeat 34, strand 26, binding site 18, sequence variant 17, turn 11, mutagenesis site 9, helix 7, modified residue 6, chain 4, sequence conflict 4, splice variant 2, topological domain 2, short sequence motif 2, signal peptide 1, transmembrane region 1, region of interest 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

7 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
1J8E	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.85
1CR8	SOLUTION NMR
1D2L	SOLUTION NMR
2FYJ	SOLUTION NMR
2FYL	SOLUTION NMR
2KNX	SOLUTION NMR
2KNY	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

No AlphaFold model available for Q07954 — AlphaFold DB does not currently provide models for proteins above ~3000 aa.

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (18): 876; 878; 884; 885; 1032; 1035; 1037; 1039; 1045; 1046; 1080; 1083 …

Post-translational modifications (6): 2009, 4460, 4507, 4517, 4520, 4523

Disulfide bonds (159): 27–40, 34–53, 47–64, 72–85, 79–98, 92–108, 115–124, 120–133, 135–148, 154–164, 160–173, 175–188, 478–493, 489–504, 506–519, 807–818, 814–827, 829–842, 854–866, 861–879 …

Glycosylation sites (52): 114, 136, 185, 239, 274, 357, 446, 729, 928, 1050, 1154, 1155, 1195, 1218, 1511, 1558, 1575, 1616, 1645, 1723 …

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (9):

Position	Phenotype
4460	strongly reduced phosphorylation and loss of interaction with shc1; when associated with a-4517; a-4520 and a-4523.
4470–4473	no effect on tyrosine phosphorylation.
4470	no effect on interaction with gulp1.
4472	no detectable effect on phosphorylation.
4504–4507	loss of tyrosine phosphorylation. abolishes interaction with shc1 and gulp1.
4504	loss of interaction with gulp1.
4517	strongly reduced phosphorylation and loss of interaction with shc1; when associated with a-4460; a-4520 and a-4523.
4520	strongly reduced phosphorylation and loss of interaction with shc1; when associated with a-4460; a-4517 and a-4523.
4523	strongly reduced phosphorylation and loss of interaction with shc1; when associated with a-4460; a-4517 and a-4520.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

9 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-2168880	Scavenging of heme from plasma
R-HSA-975634	Retinoid metabolism and transport
R-HSA-1430728	Metabolism
R-HSA-196854	Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors
R-HSA-2173782	Binding and Uptake of Ligands by Scavenger Receptors
R-HSA-2187338	Visual phototransduction
R-HSA-5653656	Vesicle-mediated transport
R-HSA-6806667	Metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins
R-HSA-9709957	Sensory Perception

MSigDB gene sets: 583 (showing top): GOBP_PLATELET_DERIVED_GROWTH_FACTOR_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_SMAD_PROTEIN_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_NITROGEN_COMPOUND, TAATAAT_MIR126, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_ENDOCYTOSIS, GOBP_LYSOSOMAL_TRANSPORT, PAX4_01, TGCGCANK_UNKNOWN, GOBP_CIRCULATORY_SYSTEM_PROCESS, GOBP_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE, GOCC_VACUOLAR_MEMBRANE, NKX25_02, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_CATABOLIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (39): retinoid metabolic process (GO:0001523), astrocyte activation involved in immune response (GO:0002265), lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629), receptor-mediated endocytosis (GO:0006898), phagocytosis (GO:0006909), lysosomal transport (GO:0007041), enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway (GO:0007167), negative regulation of gene expression (GO:0010629), regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly (GO:0010715), positive regulation of cholesterol efflux (GO:0010875), negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration (GO:0014912), negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0030178), receptor internalization (GO:0031623), positive regulation of lipid transport (GO:0032370), regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization (GO:0032956), aorta morphogenesis (GO:0035909), lipoprotein transport (GO:0042953), apoptotic cell clearance (GO:0043277), transcytosis (GO:0045056), positive regulation of endocytosis (GO:0045807), negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction (GO:0060392), amyloid-beta clearance (GO:0097242), amyloid-beta clearance by transcytosis (GO:0150093), amyloid-beta clearance by cellular catabolic process (GO:0150094), transport across blood-brain barrier (GO:0150104), positive regulation of amyloid-beta clearance (GO:1900223), regulation of extracellular matrix organization (GO:1903053), positive regulation of reverse cholesterol transport (GO:1903064), positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane (GO:1903078), positive regulation of transcytosis (GO:1904300), cellular response to amyloid-beta (GO:1904646), positive regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process (GO:1905167), negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway (GO:2000587), endocytosis (GO:0006897), negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process (GO:0010605), vesicle-mediated transport (GO:0016192), regulation of endocytosis (GO:0030100), positive regulation of transport (GO:0051050), regulation of protein metabolic process (GO:0051246)

GO Molecular Function (16): amyloid-beta binding (GO:0001540), RNA binding (GO:0003723), low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity (GO:0005041), scavenger receptor activity (GO:0005044), calcium ion binding (GO:0005509), alpha-2 macroglobulin receptor activity (GO:0016964), apolipoprotein receptor activity (GO:0030226), clathrin heavy chain binding (GO:0032050), apolipoprotein binding (GO:0034185), signaling receptor activity (GO:0038023), cargo receptor activity (GO:0038024), heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding (GO:0043395), protein-containing complex binding (GO:0044877), lipoprotein particle receptor binding (GO:0070325), protein binding (GO:0005515), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (17): nucleolus (GO:0005730), lysosomal membrane (GO:0005765), early endosome (GO:0005769), microtubule organizing center (GO:0005815), cytosol (GO:0005829), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), clathrin-coated pit (GO:0005905), focal adhesion (GO:0005925), membrane (GO:0016020), basolateral plasma membrane (GO:0016323), endocytic vesicle membrane (GO:0030666), signaling receptor complex (GO:0043235), plasma membrane protein complex (GO:0098797), nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-7 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Binding and Uptake of Ligands by Scavenger Receptors	1
Visual phototransduction	1
Metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins	1
Metabolism	1
Vesicle-mediated transport	1
Sensory Perception	1
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	4
endocytosis	3
cargo receptor activity	3
positive regulation of transport	2
vesicle-mediated transport	2
binding	2
intracellular membraneless organelle	2
cytoplasm	2
membrane	2
endomembrane system	2
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	2
diterpenoid metabolic process	1
cell activation involved in immune response	1
immune response	1
astrocyte activation	1
primary metabolic process	1
vacuolar transport	1
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	1
gene expression	1
regulation of gene expression	1
negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
extracellular matrix disassembly	1
regulation of extracellular matrix organization	1
regulation of cholesterol efflux	1
positive regulation of cholesterol transport	1
cholesterol efflux	1
smooth muscle cell migration	1
regulation of smooth muscle cell migration	1
negative regulation of cell migration	1
negative regulation of signal transduction	1
Wnt signaling pathway	1
regulation of Wnt signaling pathway	1
receptor-mediated endocytosis	1
lipid transport	1
regulation of lipid transport	1
positive regulation of lipid localization	1
actin cytoskeleton organization	1
regulation of actin filament-based process	1
regulation of cytoskeleton organization	1
aorta development	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2292 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
LRP1	CALR	P27797	998
LRP1	A2M	P01023	997
LRP1	APOE	P02649	997
LRP1	HSP90B1	P14625	996
LRP1	HSPA4	P34932	991
LRP1	HSP90AA1	P07900	990
LRP1	HSP90AB1	P08238	990
LRP1	HPX	P02790	989
LRP1	SERPINE1	P05121	984
LRP1	PLAT	P00750	974
LRP1	APP	P05067	963
LRP1	ANXA6	P08133	931
LRP1	LTF	P02788	902
LRP1	MMP9	P14780	890
LRP1	SFTPD	P35247	890

IntAct

105 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
LRPAP1	LRP1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.810
LRP1	LRPAP1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.810
C1QA	C1QB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.810
LRP1	LRPAP1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.810
LRP1	APOE	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.780
APOE	LRP1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.780
APOE	LRP1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.780
APOE	LRP1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.780
LRP1	APOE	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.780
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.710
APBB1	LRP1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.700
LRP1	APBB1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.700
APOE	APOE	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.640

BioGRID (265): LRP1 (Two-hybrid), LRP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LRP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LRP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LRP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LRP1 (PCA), LRP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LRP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), KCTD18 (Affinity Capture-MS), LRP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TNKS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), TNKS (Affinity Capture-MS), FOXF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), BCKDHB (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBB8 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2ARV4, C0HL13, F1RWC3, G3V928, O57409, O60494, O70244, P01130, P01131, P01132, P07522, P20063, P35950, P35951, P35952, P35953, P41413, P46023, P56677, P78504, P98155, P98156, P98157, P98158, P98163, P98164, P98165, P98166, Q04592, Q04833, Q07954, Q0IIH7, Q20176, Q28832, Q63722, Q6X0I2, Q90Y57, Q91ZX7, Q92673, Q92824

Diamond homologs: A2AR95, A2ARV4, A4IHY6, C0HL13, E9Q6D8, G3V928, O75074, O75197, O75581, O88204, O88307, O88572, P0DSP1, P13671, P35953, P56677, P61134, P61135, P86091, P98153, P98154, P98155, P98156, P98157, P98158, P98160, P98163, P98164, P98165, P98166, P98167, Q04833, Q06561, Q07954, Q0IIH7, Q14114, Q28832, Q29RU4, Q5HZW5, Q5R662

SIGNOR signaling

13 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
SRC	“up-regulates activity”	LRP1	phosphorylation
PRKCA	up-regulates	LRP1	phosphorylation
SRC	up-regulates	LRP1	phosphorylation
SREBF2	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	LRP1	“transcriptional regulation”
SREBF1	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	LRP1	“transcriptional regulation”
hsa-miR-205-5p	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	LRP1	“post transcriptional regulation”
F2	up-regulates	LRP1	binding
SERPINA1	up-regulates	LRP1	binding
SERPINC1	up-regulates	LRP1	binding
PRKACA	“up-regulates activity”	LRP1	phosphorylation

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 80 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Signaling by ERBB4	5	24.7×	6e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

756 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	5
Likely pathogenic	1
Uncertain significance	454
Likely benign	110
Benign	89

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (6)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
132834	NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.3734A>G (p.Lys1245Arg)	Pathogenic
2691743	NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.5347C>T (p.Arg1783Trp)	Pathogenic
2691744	NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.6386C>A (p.Thr2129Lys)	Pathogenic
2691745	NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.670C>G (p.Pro224Ala)	Pathogenic
2691746	NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.2798-4C>A	Pathogenic
1321297	NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.4966+1G>T	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

0 predictions. Top by Δscore:

AlphaMissense

30344 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
12:57138526:G:C	W45C	1.000
12:57138526:G:T	W45C	1.000
12:57138530:T:A	C47S	1.000
12:57138531:G:C	C47S	1.000
12:57154616:T:A	V381D	1.000
12:57154618:T:G	Y382D	1.000
12:57154621:T:A	W383R	1.000
12:57154621:T:C	W383R	1.000
12:57154623:G:C	W383C	1.000
12:57154623:G:T	W383C	1.000
12:57156836:T:C	C493R	1.000
12:57156838:C:G	C493W	1.000
12:57156875:T:A	C506S	1.000
12:57156875:T:C	C506R	1.000
12:57156876:G:C	C506S	1.000
12:57156914:T:A	C519S	1.000
12:57156915:G:C	C519S	1.000
12:57158594:G:C	R585P	1.000
12:57160914:G:C	W667C	1.000
12:57160914:G:T	W667C	1.000
12:57161011:T:A	W700R	1.000
12:57161011:T:C	W700R	1.000
12:57161015:C:A	P701H	1.000
12:57161019:T:A	N702K	1.000
12:57161019:T:G	N702K	1.000
12:57161020:G:T	G703W	1.000
12:57161021:G:A	G703E	1.000
12:57162350:T:C	F746L	1.000
12:57162352:T:A	F746L	1.000
12:57162352:T:G	F746L	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000022318 (12:57209049 G>A), RS1000029715 (12:57166522 C>T), RS1000082331 (12:57166942 C>G), RS1000094720 (12:57165064 A>G), RS1000135235 (12:57209355 C>A,T), RS1000139614 (12:57209336 C>A,T), RS1000155472 (12:57147296 C>G), RS1000171043 (12:57141237 G>A), RS1000309522 (12:57140923 G>A), RS1000313736 (12:57160448 T>C,G), RS1000325205 (12:57203889 G>T), RS1000361530 (12:57153077 T>G), RS1000430142 (12:57174108 G>A), RS1000471952 (12:57146760 C>A,G,T), RS1000570746 (12:57146904 C>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:107770 | disease phenotypes: MIM:209700, MIM:604093, MIM:620690, MIM:614429, MIM:605067

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
developmental dysplasia of the hip 3	Moderate	Autosomal dominant
keratosis pilaris atrophicans	Moderate	Autosomal recessive
keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans	Supportive	Autosomal dominant
atrophoderma vermiculata	Supportive	Autosomal recessive
schizophrenia	Limited	Unknown

Mondo (10): keratosis pilaris (MONDO:0021036), atrophoderma vermiculata (MONDO:0008849), prostate cancer (MONDO:0008315), keratosis pilaris atrophicans (MONDO:0018855), developmental dysplasia of the hip 3 (MONDO:0958037), neuromuscular disease (MONDO:0019056), ventricular septal defect (MONDO:0002070), tricuspid atresia (MONDO:0011514), schizophrenia (MONDO:0005090), keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans (MONDO:0000136)

Orphanet (7): Ulerythema ophryogenesis (Orphanet:3406), Atrophoderma vermiculata (Orphanet:79100), Familial prostate cancer (Orphanet:1331), Keratosis pilaris atrophicans (Orphanet:498), Neuromuscular disease (Orphanet:68381), Tricuspid atresia (Orphanet:1209), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Ventricular septal defect (Orphanet:1480)

HPO phenotypes

2 total (2 of 2 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0001629	Ventricular septal defect
HP:0011662	Tricuspid atresia

GWAS associations

52 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000755_15	HDL cholesterol	2.000000e-08
GCST000758_31	Triglycerides	4.000000e-10
GCST001105_3	Migraine	4.000000e-09
GCST001248_4	Pulmonary function	1.000000e-08
GCST001312_1	Abdominal aortic aneurysm	5.000000e-10
GCST001563_5	Migraine	3.000000e-08
GCST001784_6	Pulmonary function (smoking interaction)	8.000000e-06
GCST002078_25	Migraine without aura	1.000000e-10
GCST002079_15	Migraine - clinic-based	1.000000e-06
GCST002081_59	Migraine	4.000000e-19
GCST002216_33	Triglycerides	9.000000e-14
GCST002223_15	HDL cholesterol	2.000000e-13
GCST002539_15	Schizophrenia	2.000000e-12
GCST002700_2	Cervical artery dissection	3.000000e-07
GCST002897_3	Triglycerides	1.000000e-08
GCST003720_17	Migraine	1.000000e-09
GCST003720_20	Migraine	6.000000e-49
GCST003721_7	Migraine without aura	4.000000e-16
GCST003877_6	Abdominal aortic aneurysm	6.000000e-07
GCST003986_26	Migraine	6.000000e-36
GCST003987_18	Asthma	1.000000e-10
GCST004232_55	HDL cholesterol levels	1.000000e-13
GCST004237_44	Triglyceride levels	1.000000e-13
GCST004521_233	Autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia	4.000000e-10
GCST004787_52	Coronary artery disease (myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting, angina or chromic ischemic heart disease)	3.000000e-06
GCST004861_11	Itch intensity from mosquito bite	3.000000e-13
GCST005196_65	Coronary artery disease	6.000000e-08
GCST005196_66	Coronary artery disease	5.000000e-06
GCST005212_34	Asthma	4.000000e-09
GCST005337_1	Headache	5.000000e-47

EFO canonical traits (13, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004612	high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004530	triglyceride measurement
EFO:0003892	pulmonary function measurement
EFO:0004713	FEV/FVC ratio
EFO:0008377	mosquito bite reaction itch intensity measurement
EFO:0005763	pulse pressure measurement
EFO:0009718	peak expiratory flow
EFO:0009938	Anilide use measurement
EFO:0009939	Antimigraine preparation use measurement
EFO:1002011	adult onset asthma
EFO:0004340	body mass index
EFO:0010820	spontaneous coronary artery dissection
EFO:0004980	appendicular lean mass

MeSH disease descriptors (5)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D006345	Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular	C14.240.400.560.540; C14.280.400.560.540; C16.131.240.400.560.540
D009468	Neuromuscular Diseases	C10.668
D011471	Prostatic Neoplasms	C04.588.945.440.770; C12.100.500.260.750; C12.100.500.565.625; C12.200.294.260.750; C12.200.294.565.625; C12.200.758.409.750; C12.900.619.750
D018785	Tricuspid Atresia	C14.240.400.920; C14.280.400.920; C14.280.484.845; C16.131.240.400.920
C537412	Burnett Schwartz Berberian syndrome (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL4630884 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

80 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	increases abundance, increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	4
bisphenol A	decreases methylation, increases expression, decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases methylation	3
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	3
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression, decreases expression	3
Arsenic	affects methylation, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Cisplatin	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases reaction	2
Dexamethasone	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	2
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	2
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	2
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
afuresertib	increases expression	1
FR900359	increases phosphorylation	1
bisphenol F	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
TAK-243	increases sumoylation	1
dicrotophos	increases expression	1
butylphen	increases expression	1
deoxynivalenol	decreases expression	1
trichostatin A	increases expression	1
arsenite	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
cobaltous chloride	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
tanshinone	decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases expression	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	increases expression	1
manganese chloride	decreases expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment	1
potassium chromate(VI)	decreases expression	1
cupric chloride	decreases expression	1
very low density lipoprotein triglyceride	increases expression, increases reaction	1
nivalenol	decreases expression	1
tesmilifene	decreases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

6 cell lines: 5 cancer cell line, 1 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_D8PF	Ubigene HCT 116 LRP1 KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_D9IS	Ubigene HEK293 LRP1 KO	Transformed cell line	Female
CVCL_SV84	HAP1 LRP1 (-) 1	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_SV85	HAP1 LRP1 (-) 2	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_SV86	HAP1 LRP1 (-) 3	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_SV87	HAP1 LRP1 (-) 4	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

600 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00000374	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment for First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00001656	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Clozapine vs Olanzapine in Childhood-Onset Psychotic Disorders
NCT00007774	PHASE4	COMPLETED	To Determine if Olanzapine is More Cost Effective Than Haloperidol for the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00014001	PHASE4	COMPLETED	CATIE- Schizophrenia Trial
NCT00018668	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Antipsychotic Response in Schizophrenia
NCT00034801	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus Active Comparator in the Treatment of Depression in Patients With Schizophrenia
NCT00034905	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Comparison of Seroquel vs. Risperidone in Schizophrenia
NCT00036088	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus An Active Comparator in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00044187	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Assessment of a Weight-Gain Agent for the Treatment of Olanzapine-Associated Anti-Obesity Agent in Patients With Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Bipolar I Disorder
NCT00044655	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Switching Medication to Treat Schizophrenia
NCT00048828	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treating Drug-Resistant Childhood Schizophrenia
NCT00053703	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Early Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (TEOSS)
NCT00056498	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Risperidone Treatment in Schizophrenia Patients Who Are Currently Taking Clozapine
NCT00061802	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Two Atypical Antipsychotics vs. Placebo in Patients With an Acute Exacerbation of Either Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00080327	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Three Doses of Aripiprazole in Patients With Acute Schizophrenia
NCT00088049	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Olanzapine vs. Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00090012	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Continuing Olanzapine to Switching to Quetiapine in Overweight or Obese Patients With Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00100776	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of High Dose Olanzapine for the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00103571	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Acutely Ill Patients With Schizophrenia
NCT00108368	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effects of Risperidone and Olanzapine on Thinking
NCT00114595	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Tardive Dyskinesia
NCT00130923	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Risperidone Long-acting Versus Oral Risperidone in Patients With Schizophrenia and Alcohol Use Disorder
NCT00137020	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Clinical Effect Of Cross Titration Of Antipsychotics With Ziprasidone In Schizophrenia Or Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00140166	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Acute Schizophrenia With Vitamin Therapy
NCT00145847	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Naltrexone Treatment of Alcohol Abuse in Schizophrenia
NCT00148564	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Energy Homeostasis Under Treatment With Atypical Antipsychotics
NCT00156715	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Quetiapine in the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia and a Comorbid Substance Use Disorder
NCT00158223	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Pimozide in Augmenting the Effects of Clozapine in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00159081	PHASE4	COMPLETED	One Year Drug Treatment in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159120	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Maintenance Treatment vs. Stepwise Drug Discontinuation in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159133	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Prodrome-Based Early Intervention With Antipsychotics vs. Benzodiazepines in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159757	PHASE4	TERMINATED	12 Week Open, Non-Comparative Switch Study Of Oral Ziprazidone In Previously Treated Schizophrenic Patients
NCT00167817	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Switch to Aripiprazole on Health and Smoking Parameters in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study
NCT00169026	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Alcoholism and Schizophrenia: Effects of Clozapine
NCT00169039	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Clozapine Versus Chlorpromazine for Treatment-Unresponsive Schizophrenia
NCT00169065	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Clozapine Versus Olanzapine for Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia
NCT00169091	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Clozapine Versus Haloperidol for Treating the First Episode of Schizophrenia
NCT00176423	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy Study of Galantamine for Cognitive Impairments in Schizophrenia
NCT00176436	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Atomoxetine for Treatment of Weight Gain in Olanzapine or Clozapine Patients
NCT00177008	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Aripiprazole for the Treatment of Schizophrenia With Co-Morbid Social Anxiety