LSG1

gene
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Also known as FLJ11301

Summary

LSG1 (large 60S subunit nuclear export GTPase 1, HGNC:25652) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 3q29, encoding Large subunit GTPase 1 homolog (Q9H089). Functions as a GTPase. It is a common-essential gene (DepMap: required in 96.2% of cancer cell lines).

This gene encodes a protein related to the yeast large subunit GTPase 1. The encoded protein is necessary for cell viability and may localize in the endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus and cytoplasm.

Source: NCBI Gene 55341 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 4
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 153 total
  • Druggable target: yes
  • Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 96.2% of screened cell lines (common-essential)
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_018385

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:25652
Approved symbolLSG1
Namelarge 60S subunit nuclear export GTPase 1
Location3q29
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesFLJ11301
Ensembl geneENSG00000041802
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM610780
Entrez55341

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 4 protein_coding, 4 retained_intron, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000265245, ENST00000427461, ENST00000437613, ENST00000460584, ENST00000461343, ENST00000466391, ENST00000475763, ENST00000480853, ENST00000906595, ENST00000917674

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_018385 NM_018385

CCDS: CCDS33922

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000265245 — 14 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00000333025194670009194670135
ENSE00001057052194658957194659133
ENSE00001057057194666203194666289
ENSE00001057061194665557194665643
ENSE00001057062194652729194653142
ENSE00001057064194666452194666572
ENSE00001415869194640791194642247
ENSE00001507461194648681194648804
ENSE00001507463194650881194651024
ENSE00001644822194672064194672191
ENSE00003463351194646164194646243
ENSE00003493342194644573194644746
ENSE00003631729194651115194651216
ENSE00003687959194660073194660133

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 291 present calls, max score 93.38.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 23.6961 / max 224.5924, expressed in 1814 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
4625223.69611814

Top tissues by expression

292 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
granulocyteCL:000009493.38gold quality
rectumUBERON:000105292.14gold quality
right lobe of liverUBERON:000111491.96gold quality
calcaneal tendonUBERON:000370191.87gold quality
body of pancreasUBERON:000115091.85gold quality
skin of abdomenUBERON:000141691.85gold quality
skin of legUBERON:000151191.73gold quality
metanephros cortexUBERON:001053391.01gold quality
upper lobe of left lungUBERON:000895290.99gold quality
lymph nodeUBERON:000002990.97gold quality
right ovaryUBERON:000211890.82gold quality
zone of skinUBERON:000001490.78gold quality
pancreasUBERON:000126490.75gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patchUBERON:000345490.72gold quality
adrenal tissueUBERON:001830390.55gold quality
left uterine tubeUBERON:000130390.54gold quality
upper lobe of lungUBERON:000894890.53gold quality
nippleUBERON:000203090.52gold quality
islet of LangerhansUBERON:000000690.48gold quality
vermiform appendixUBERON:000115490.42gold quality
right lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000111990.32gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119990.27gold quality
body of stomachUBERON:000116190.24gold quality
transverse colonUBERON:000115790.21gold quality
monocyteCL:000057690.20gold quality
mononuclear cellCL:000084290.16gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073890.14gold quality
body of uterusUBERON:000985390.14gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305390.10gold quality
gastrocnemiusUBERON:000138890.04gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes4.55

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

27 targeting LSG1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-340-5P100.0072.504437
HSA-MIR-196A-5P100.0068.16684
HSA-MIR-196B-5P100.0068.16681
HSA-MIR-6778-3P99.9667.292693
HSA-MIR-130599.9171.433443
HSA-MIR-3140-3P99.8868.472069
HSA-MIR-313399.8170.923506
HSA-MIR-548AJ-5P99.7871.123085
HSA-MIR-548F-5P99.7871.023093
HSA-MIR-548G-5P99.7871.123085
HSA-MIR-548X-5P99.7871.123085
HSA-MIR-6885-3P99.7570.363187
HSA-MIR-119799.7067.751027
HSA-MIR-5004-5P99.6866.631294
HSA-MIR-1211799.5067.57868
HSA-MIR-892C-5P99.1670.562116
HSA-MIR-6780B-3P99.1367.18622
HSA-MIR-3194-3P98.8366.221167
HSA-MIR-6846-5P98.8165.861121
HSA-MIR-6848-5P98.8165.491126
HSA-MIR-7158-3P98.4666.45728
HSA-MIR-1212797.9366.67793
HSA-MIR-4638-3P97.9065.75905
HSA-MIR-66597.6065.641781
HSA-MIR-6890-3P97.5065.71997
HSA-MIR-191397.0766.201417
HSA-MIR-607086.3766.5659

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 96.2% of screened cell lines, common-essential.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 3)

  • hLsg1 is an essential GTPase predominantly located in the endoplasmic reticulum and, in some cells, in Cajal bodies in the nucleus. (PMID:16209721)
  • Targeting of LSG1 resulted in amplification of the cholesterol/endoplasmic reticular signature and restoration of a robust cellular senescence response in transformed cells, suggesting potential therapeutic uses of LSG1 inhibition. (PMID:31148378)
  • The Ribosome Assembly Factor LSG1 Interacts with Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein-Associated Proteins (VAPs). (PMID:39133101)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriolsg1ENSDARG00000015352
mus_musculusLsg1ENSMUSG00000022538
rattus_norvegicusLsg1ENSRNOG00000001727
drosophila_melanogasterNs3FBGN0266284
caenorhabditis_elegansC53H9.2WBGENE00016907

Paralogs (6): NOA1 (ENSG00000084092), GNL3L (ENSG00000130119), GNL2 (ENSG00000134697), MTG1 (ENSG00000148824), GNL3 (ENSG00000163938), GNL1 (ENSG00000204590)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Large subunit GTPase 1 homologQ9H089 (reviewed: Q9H089)

All UniProt accessions (3): Q9H089, F8WFC6, H7C2X7

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Functions as a GTPase. May act by mediating the release of NMD3 from the 60S ribosomal subunit after export into the cytoplasm during the 60S ribosomal subunit maturation.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Endoplasmic reticulum. Nucleus. Cajal body.

Domain organisation. In contrast to other GTP-binding proteins, this family is characterized by a circular permutation of the GTPase motifs described by a G4-G1-G3 pattern.

Similarity. Belongs to the TRAFAC class YlqF/YawG GTPase family. LSG1 subfamily.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_060855* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR006073GTP-bdDomain
IPR027417P-loop_NTPaseHomologous_superfamily
IPR030378G_CP_domDomain
IPR043358GNL1-likeFamily

Pfam: PF01926

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

  • GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate + H(+) (RHEA:19669)

UniProt features (19 total): compositionally biased region 6, binding site 3, modified residue 3, region of interest 3, sequence variant 2, chain 1, domain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
6LSRELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.13

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9H089-F169.850.29

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (3): 212–215; 393–400; 437–440

Post-translational modifications (3): 93, 97, 252

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 142 (showing top): GOBP_RIBOSOME_BIOGENESIS, GOBP_NUCLEAR_TRANSPORT, WEI_MYCN_TARGETS_WITH_E_BOX, GOBP_NUCLEAR_EXPORT, GOBP_ORGANELLE_LOCALIZATION, GOBP_RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN_COMPLEX_BIOGENESIS, GOCC_CAJAL_BODY, BENPORATH_OCT4_TARGETS, GOCC_NUCLEAR_BODY, GOCC_RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN_GRANULE, PAX2_02, GOMF_GTPASE_ACTIVITY, ELVIDGE_HIF1A_TARGETS_UP, GOMF_HYDROLASE_ACTIVITY_ACTING_ON_ACID_ANHYDRIDES, MEISSNER_ES_ICP_WITH_H3K4ME3

GO Biological Process (3): ribosomal subunit export from nucleus (GO:0000054), protein transport (GO:0015031), nuclear export (GO:0051168)

GO Molecular Function (4): GTPase activity (GO:0003924), GTP binding (GO:0005525), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787)

GO Cellular Component (8): nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), cytosol (GO:0005829), Cajal body (GO:0015030), membrane (GO:0016020), nuclear body (GO:0016604), nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure4
cytoplasm2
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle2
ribosome localization1
ribosome biogenesis1
nuclear export1
establishment of organelle localization1
transport1
intracellular protein localization1
establishment of protein localization1
nucleocytoplasmic transport1
intercellular transport1
ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity1
guanyl ribonucleotide binding1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding1
nucleoside phosphate binding1
heterocyclic compound binding1
catalytic activity1
nuclear lumen1
endomembrane system1
nuclear ribonucleoprotein granule1
nucleoplasm1
intracellular membraneless organelle1
intracellular anatomical structure1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

3285 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
LSG1NMD3Q96D46872
LSG1RSL24D1Q9UHA3775
LSG1XPO1O14980771
LSG1MRTO4Q9UKD2723
LSG1GTPBP4Q9BZE4716
LSG1NSA2O95478706
LSG1MDN1Q9NU22686
LSG1RIOK2Q9BVS4658
LSG1RRP12Q5JTH9648
LSG1WDR74Q6RFH5627
LSG1SBDSQ9Y3A5607
LSG1EFL1Q7Z2Z2594
LSG1RPF2Q9H7B2584
LSG1WDR12Q9GZL7580
LSG1FAM43AQ8N2R8579

IntAct

86 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
VAPBFAM83Gpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.730
CFTRESYT2psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.710
VAPAFAM83Gpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
VAPAPITPNM1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
FGL1LCMT2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
YWHAHBLTP3Bpsi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.570
PLPPR1STXBP3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
LSG1SPARCpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
LSG1KRT8psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
Rpl35RPS6psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
PrkciLLGL2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
RPL10RPS6psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
Emc3EMC8psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
NOP56C12orf43psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
VAPApsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
Eif3eRPSApsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
JUNTPM3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
ESR1ESYT2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
VAPAFAM83Gpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
TTC29DHX16psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
FGL1DNM1Lpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (242): LSG1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), LSG1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), LSG1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LSG1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LSG1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LSG1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LSG1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LSG1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LSG1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LSG1 (Proximity Label-MS), LSG1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LSG1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LSG1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LSG1 (Affinity Capture-MS), LSG1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1L8G016, A1A5Q0, B3DH20, D3Z8X7, D4A1F2, E1BTG2, F1MF74, F1RA39, O14730, O60308, O88978, O94851, O95801, P51432, P70566, Q1RMR5, Q1RMT7, Q28FY0, Q2YDM7, Q3UHZ5, Q3UM18, Q4KLT3, Q4R3F0, Q4R8L2, Q5BJT6, Q5EA11, Q5ZJD3, Q6AZN0, Q6P5Q4, Q7Z569, Q80V31, Q863A4, Q863A5, Q863A6, Q863A7, Q86X45, Q8BML1, Q8CCP0, Q8R368, Q8R3H9

Diamond homologs: A4SCU1, A5IMB8, A5N2K5, A6LT31, A6TM67, A7Z7A9, A8EXG4, A8FFV6, A8GM60, A8GQS1, A8GUK6, A9BHV0, B1LBK5, B1YJV8, B2TPB6, B2UX10, B3EGV8, B3QQY9, B4S596, B5EEM1, B5XL04, B8I8N7, B8J030, B9E746, C0MA50, C0MEW6, C1F4C3, C3PMD9, C4K1B9, C4Z1T3, C6E8C5, O67679, P0DA92, P0DA93, P36915, P36916, P38424, P53145, Q026Q1, Q0A4P0

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 109 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane1620.0×3e-14
Peptide chain elongation1117.4×3e-09
Viral mRNA Translation1117.4×3e-09
PELO:HBS1L and ABCE1 dissociate a ribosome on a non-stop mRNA1117.3×3e-09
Selenocysteine synthesis1116.5×3e-09
Eukaryotic Translation Termination1116.5×3e-09
Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) independent of the Exon Junction Complex (EJC)1116.2×3e-09
ZNF598 and the Ribosome-associated Quality Trigger (RQT) complex dissociate a ribosome stalled on a no-go mRNA1116.2×3e-09

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
cytoplasmic translation1222.7×1e-10
ribosomal small subunit biogenesis613.9×1e-03
translation1111.5×1e-06

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

153 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance119
Likely benign7
Benign2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2224 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
3:194644566:AACTT:Adonor_loss1.0000
3:194644567:ACTT:Adonor_loss1.0000
3:194644568:CTT:Cdonor_loss1.0000
3:194644569:TTA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
3:194644570:TA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
3:194644571:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
3:194644571:AC:Adonor_loss1.0000
3:194644572:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
3:194646159:CTTA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
3:194646160:TTA:Tdonor_gain1.0000
3:194646161:T:TGdonor_loss1.0000
3:194646161:TAC:Tdonor_gain1.0000
3:194646162:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
3:194646162:A:Cdonor_loss1.0000
3:194646162:ACA:Adonor_gain1.0000
3:194646163:C:CAdonor_gain1.0000
3:194646163:CA:Cdonor_gain1.0000
3:194646163:CAC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
3:194646163:CACT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
3:194646163:CACTG:Cdonor_gain1.0000
3:194646172:AGT:Adonor_gain1.0000
3:194646239:CATGT:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
3:194646240:ATGT:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
3:194646241:TGT:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
3:194646242:GT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
3:194646242:GTC:Gacceptor_loss1.0000
3:194646244:C:CAacceptor_loss1.0000
3:194646244:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
3:194646246:G:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
3:194650910:T:Cdonor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

4379 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
3:194665576:A:GW168R1.000
3:194665576:A:TW168R1.000
3:194650990:T:AD437V0.999
3:194650990:T:CD437G0.999
3:194650990:T:GD437A0.999
3:194665588:A:GW164R0.999
3:194665588:A:TW164R0.999
3:194650986:A:CC438W0.998
3:194650989:G:CD437E0.998
3:194650989:G:TD437E0.998
3:194650991:C:GD437H0.998
3:194650996:A:GL435P0.998
3:194651190:A:CS400R0.998
3:194651190:A:TS400R0.998
3:194651192:T:GS400R0.998
3:194665578:A:GL167P0.998
3:194665584:C:GR165P0.998
3:194666222:A:GW139R0.998
3:194666222:A:TW139R0.998
3:194666254:A:GL128P0.998
3:194666289:T:AR116S0.998
3:194666289:T:GR116S0.998
3:194666452:C:GR116T0.998
3:194670016:A:CF73L0.998
3:194670016:A:TF73L0.998
3:194670018:A:GF73L0.998
3:194650988:A:GC438R0.997
3:194651119:A:GF424S0.997
3:194651195:T:GK399Q0.997
3:194652730:A:GL391P0.997

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000021025 (3:194647258 T>C), RS1000044771 (3:194644331 C>T), RS1000075898 (3:194644034 T>TG), RS1000112815 (3:194671733 T>A), RS1000146158 (3:194666621 A>G), RS1000332597 (3:194656539 C>T), RS1000447251 (3:194656221 A>C,G), RS1000664965 (3:194654982 G>C), RS1000690195 (3:194647560 G>A,C), RS1000697081 (3:194661943 G>A,T), RS1000708282 (3:194650189 G>C), RS1000751998 (3:194654430 C>T), RS1000762729 (3:194660537 T>A), RS1000780355 (3:194654699 A>G), RS1000974238 (3:194648584 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:610780 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

4 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST004267_3Blood osmolality (transformed sodium)3.000000e-06
GCST005024_67Pursuit maintenance gain5.000000e-06
GCST009267_23Dental caries (decayed, missing and filled teeth)2.000000e-07
GCST009268_8Dental caries (decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces)2.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0008433pursuit maintenance gain measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL6067316 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

ChEMBL bioactivities

2 potent at pChembl≥5 of 2 total, top 2 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChemblTypeValueUnitMolecule
9.28Kd0.521nMCHEMBL3752910
9.28ED500.521nMCHEMBL3752910

PubChem BioAssay actives

1 with measured affinity, of 2 total; 1 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

CompoundAssayTypeValueUnit
4-methyl-3-[(1-methyl-6-pyridin-3-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide2148669: Binding affinity to human LSG1 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assaykd0.0005uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

28 total (human), top 28 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidincreases methylation, affects expression, increases expression3
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation2
Cisplatinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression2
FR900359decreases phosphorylation1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
alpha-pineneaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
bisphenol Aaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
sodium arseniteaffects binding, increases reaction, increases activity1
methacrylaldehydeaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
jinfukangaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Sunitinibincreases expression1
Acroleinaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
Air Pollutantsaffects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases oxidation1
Amphotericin Bdecreases expression1
Caffeinedecreases phosphorylation1
Cyclophosphamidedecreases expression1
Estradiolincreases expression1
Gentamicinsdecreases expression1
Methotrexatedecreases expression1
Ozoneaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
Phenolsulfonphthaleinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Ribonucleotidesaffects binding, increases reaction1
Tretinoindecreases expression1
Cyclosporineincreases expression1
Aflatoxin B1increases methylation1
Copper Sulfateincreases expression1
Lactic Aciddecreases expression1
Volatile Organic Compoundsaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation1

ChEMBL screening assays

1 unique, capped per target: 1 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL5651711BindingBinding affinity to human LSG1 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assayNVP-BHG712: Effects of Regioisomers on the Affinity and Selectivity toward the EPHrin Family. — ChemMedChem

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.