LTK

gene
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Also known as TYK1

Summary

LTK (leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase, HGNC:6721) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 15q15.1, encoding Leukocyte tyrosine kinase receptor (P29376). Receptor with a tyrosine-protein kinase activity.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ros/insulin receptor family of tyrosine kinases. Tyrosine-specific phosphorylation of proteins is a key to the control of diverse pathways leading to cell growth and differentiation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 4058 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 6
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 171 total
  • Druggable target: yes — 43 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_002344

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:6721
Approved symbolLTK
Nameleukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase
Location15q15.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesTYK1
Ensembl geneENSG00000062524
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM151520
Entrez4058

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 16 — 14 protein_coding, 2 retained_intron

ENST00000263800, ENST00000355166, ENST00000453182, ENST00000561619, ENST00000563518, ENST00000569283, ENST00000897466, ENST00000897467, ENST00000897468, ENST00000953759, ENST00000953760, ENST00000953761, ENST00000953762, ENST00000953763, ENST00000953764, ENST00000953765

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_002344 NM_001135685, NM_002344, NM_206961

CCDS: CCDS10077, CCDS10078, CCDS45237

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000263800 — 20 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000010298724150709541507290
ENSE000010298734150434241504432
ENSE000010298764150450641504640
ENSE000012062234150756241507657
ENSE000026065134151366741513827
ENSE000034717244150571341505777
ENSE000034878064151181741511963
ENSE000034987434151116441511346
ENSE000035043214150591541506005
ENSE000035093124150903141509129
ENSE000035405944150477341504874
ENSE000035618334150520841505305
ENSE000035776074151142241511578
ENSE000035789284150806941508221
ENSE000035876344150363741504244
ENSE000035985024150540141505530
ENSE000036428844150497241505064
ENSE000036636594151270741512878
ENSE000036815944151297741513120
ENSE000036946464151211541512265

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 168 present calls, max score 90.63.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 0.5033 / max 24.8596, expressed in 197 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
1495270.5033197

Top tissues by expression

284 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499190.63gold quality
right lungUBERON:000216785.26gold quality
parotid glandUBERON:000183183.77silver quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047382.60gold quality
upper lobe of left lungUBERON:000895281.45gold quality
duodenumUBERON:000211480.24gold quality
heart right ventricleUBERON:000208080.20gold quality
upper lobe of lungUBERON:000894879.89gold quality
inferior olivary complexUBERON:000212779.62gold quality
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerveUBERON:000287079.20gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominisUBERON:000451178.02gold quality
rectumUBERON:000105276.82gold quality
jejunal mucosaUBERON:000039976.20gold quality
transverse colonUBERON:000115776.10gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosaUBERON:000538676.05gold quality
small intestineUBERON:000210874.66gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patchUBERON:000345474.62gold quality
body of stomachUBERON:000116172.89gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009472.66gold quality
spleenUBERON:000210672.60gold quality
type B pancreatic cellCL:000016971.86gold quality
gall bladderUBERON:000211071.75gold quality
intestineUBERON:000016071.50gold quality
colonUBERON:000115571.44gold quality
olfactory bulbUBERON:000226471.09gold quality
right frontal lobeUBERON:000281070.93gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10UBERON:001354170.87gold quality
stomachUBERON:000094570.70gold quality
large intestineUBERON:000005970.69gold quality
tongue squamous epitheliumUBERON:000691970.30gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes5.16

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

11 targeting LTK, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4455100.0065.481587
HSA-MIR-3180-5P99.8269.122422
HSA-MIR-10394-5P99.6566.831852
HSA-MIR-120599.6566.761826
HSA-MIR-208B-5P99.4270.831952
HSA-MIR-6731-5P99.2867.422375
HSA-MIR-808599.2867.562362
HSA-MIR-6791-5P99.1665.921844
HSA-MIR-66597.6065.641781
HSA-MIR-320E97.4965.96865
HSA-MIR-874-5P96.9363.921014

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 8)

  • polymorphic LTKs cause up-regulation of the PI3K pathway and possibly form one genetic component of susceptibility to abnormal proliferation of self-reactive B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (PMID:14695357)
  • aberrant activation of LTK may contribute to neoplastic cell growth. (PMID:22347506)
  • Only two related secreted factors, FAM150A and FAM150B (family with sequence similarity 150 member A and member B), stimulated LTK phosphorylation. (PMID:25331893)
  • Data show FAM150B, which was named as augmentor-alpha (AUG-alpha), binds and activtes both anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and tyrosine kinase (LTK). (PMID:26630010)
  • LTK-to-Sec12 signaling represents the first example of an endoplasmic reticulum-resident signaling module with the potential to regulate proteostasis. (PMID:31227593)
  • Structural basis of cytokine-mediated activation of ALK family receptors. (PMID:34646012)
  • The CLIP1-LTK fusion is an oncogenic driver in non-small-cell lung cancer. (PMID:34819663)
  • Spindle cell neoplasms with novel LTK fusion - Expanding the spectrum of kinase fusion-positive soft tissue tumors. (PMID:38517106)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
mus_musculusLtkENSMUSG00000027297
rattus_norvegicusLtkENSRNOG00000025130

Paralogs (53): INSRR (ENSG00000027644), MUSK (ENSG00000030304), FLT4 (ENSG00000037280), EPHA3 (ENSG00000044524), ROS1 (ENSG00000047936), ERBB3 (ENSG00000065361), TIE1 (ENSG00000066056), FGFR2 (ENSG00000066468), FGFR3 (ENSG00000068078), EPHA8 (ENSG00000070886), FGFR1 (ENSG00000077782), EPHA6 (ENSG00000080224), TYRO3 (ENSG00000092445), FLT1 (ENSG00000102755), MET (ENSG00000105976), EPHB6 (ENSG00000106123), PDGFRB (ENSG00000113721), EPHA4 (ENSG00000116106), TEK (ENSG00000120156), FLT3 (ENSG00000122025), KDR (ENSG00000128052), EPHB2 (ENSG00000133216), PDGFRA (ENSG00000134853), EPHA7 (ENSG00000135333), IGF1R (ENSG00000140443), NTRK3 (ENSG00000140538), ERBB2 (ENSG00000141736), EPHA2 (ENSG00000142627), EPHA5 (ENSG00000145242), EGFR (ENSG00000146648), EPHA1 (ENSG00000146904), NTRK2 (ENSG00000148053), MERTK (ENSG00000153208), EPHB1 (ENSG00000154928), KIT (ENSG00000157404), FGFR4 (ENSG00000160867), DDR2 (ENSG00000162733), RYK (ENSG00000163785), MST1R (ENSG00000164078), LMTK2 (ENSG00000164715)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Leukocyte tyrosine kinase receptorP29376 (reviewed: P29376)

Alternative names: Protein tyrosine kinase 1

All UniProt accessions (2): P29376, H3BVG6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Receptor with a tyrosine-protein kinase activity. Following activation by ALKAL1 or ALKAL2 ligands at the cell surface, transduces an extracellular signal into an intracellular response. Ligand-binding to the extracellular domain induces tyrosine kinase activation, leading to activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Phosphorylates almost exclusively at the first tyrosine of the Y-x-x-x-Y-Y motif. The exact function of this protein is not known; studies with chimeric proteins demonstrate its ability to promote growth and specifically neurite outgrowth, and cell survival. Involved in regulation of the secretory pathway involving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export sites (ERESs) and ER to Golgi transport.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer; homodimerizes following ligand-binding. Part of a complex including LTK, TNK2 and GRB2, in which GRB2 promotes LTK recruitment by TNK2.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in non-hematopoietic cell lines and T- and B-cell lines.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylated at tyrosine residues by autocatalysis, which activates kinase activity.

Disease relevance. Genetic variations in LTK that cause up-regulation of the PI3K pathway may possibly contribute to susceptibility to abnormal proliferation of self-reactive B-cells and, therefore, to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is a chronic, inflammatory and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system.

Activity regulation. Activated by ligand-binding, leading to homodimerization and autophosphorylation.

Similarity. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Insulin receptor subfamily.

Isoforms (5)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
P29376-1Lambda P2yes
P29376-2Lambda P1
P29376-3Lambda P3
P29376-42
P29376-55

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001129157, NP_002335, NP_996844 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000719Prot_kinase_domDomain
IPR001245Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_domDomain
IPR002011Tyr_kinase_rcpt_2_CSConserved_site
IPR008266Tyr_kinase_ASActive_site
IPR011009Kinase-like_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR017441Protein_kinase_ATP_BSBinding_site
IPR020635Tyr_kinase_cat_domDomain
IPR050122RTKFamily
IPR055163ALK/LTK-like_GRDDomain

Pfam: PF07714, PF12810

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

  • EC 2.7.10.1 — receptor protein-tyrosine kinase (BRENDA: 44 organisms, 214 substrates, 574 inhibitors, 11 Km, 0 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

4 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 4. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

SubstrateKm (mM)Measurements
ATP0.0011–0.1294
AC-DYFE-6-CHLORO-W-NHME0.00511
AC-DYFGW-NHME0.071
YFEW0.2321

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

  • L-tyrosyl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-tyrosyl-[protein] + ADP + H(+) (RHEA:10596)

UniProt features (71 total): strand 17, sequence variant 8, splice variant 6, helix 6, mutagenesis site 5, compositionally biased region 4, sequence conflict 4, region of interest 4, glycosylation site 3, disulfide bond 3, binding site 2, topological domain 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, active site 1, modified residue 1, transmembrane region 1, domain 1, turn 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
7NX1X-RAY DIFFRACTION1.3
7NX0X-RAY DIFFRACTION1.95

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-P29376-F173.410.37

Antibody-complex structures (SAbDab): 17NX0

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 643 (proton acceptor)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (2): 516–524; 544

Post-translational modifications (1): 676

Disulfide bonds (3): 73–86, 168–179, 300–322

Glycosylation sites (3): 257, 380, 412

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (5):

PositionPhenotype
241abolished homodimerization following interaction with alkal1.
544loss of interaction with plcg1, pi3-kinase subunit p85, ras gtpase-activating protein and raf1.
750increases autophosphorylation and interaction with pi3-kinase subunit p85 (demonstrated with chimeric egfr-ltk).
753abolishes interaction with pi3-kinase subunit p85, impairs pi3 kinase activity and leads to apoptosis (demonstrated with
862impairs phosphorylation of cblc (demonstrated with chimeric egfr-ltk).

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-9842663Signaling by LTK
R-HSA-162582Signal Transduction
R-HSA-9006934Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

MSigDB gene sets: 187 (showing top): MORF_RAGE, MORF_FLT1, BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_LIPID, GOBP_NEUROGENESIS, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_CONTAINING_COMPOUND, GOMF_KINASE_ACTIVATOR_ACTIVITY, GCM_RING1, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_PROJECTION_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_RETINOIC_ACID, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_NEURON_DIFFERENTIATION, SHEDDEN_LUNG_CANCER_GOOD_SURVIVAL_A4, GOBP_PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL_3_KINASE_PROTEIN_KINASE_B_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_CONTAINING_COMPOUND, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_LIPID

GO Biological Process (12): protein phosphorylation (GO:0006468), signal transduction (GO:0007165), cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway (GO:0007169), cell population proliferation (GO:0008283), positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process (GO:0010666), positive regulation of neuron projection development (GO:0010976), peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation (GO:0038083), regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0042127), negative regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043066), regulation of neuron differentiation (GO:0045664), positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction (GO:0051897), cellular response to retinoic acid (GO:0071300)

GO Molecular Function (9): protein kinase activity (GO:0004672), protein tyrosine kinase activity (GO:0004713), transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity (GO:0004714), ATP binding (GO:0005524), receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activator activity (GO:0030298), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), protein binding (GO:0005515), kinase activity (GO:0016301), transferase activity (GO:0016740)

GO Cellular Component (3): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020), signaling receptor complex (GO:0043235)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases1
Signal Transduction1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular process2
regulation of cellular process2
phosphorylation1
protein modification process1
cell communication1
signaling1
cellular response to stimulus1
enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway1
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process1
positive regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process1
regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process1
regulation of neuron projection development1
neuron projection development1
positive regulation of cell projection organization1
peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation1
protein autophosphorylation1
cell population proliferation1
apoptotic process1
regulation of apoptotic process1
negative regulation of programmed cell death1
neuron differentiation1
regulation of cell differentiation1
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction1
regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction1
positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction1
response to retinoic acid1
cellular response to lipid1
cellular response to oxygen-containing compound1
kinase activity1
phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor1
catalytic activity, acting on a protein1
protein kinase activity1
protein tyrosine kinase activity1
transmembrane receptor protein kinase activity1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding1
protein tyrosine kinase activator activity1
nucleoside phosphate binding1
heterocyclic compound binding1
binding1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1070 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
LTKALKAL2Q6UX46864
LTKALKAL1Q6UXT8793
LTKCD5P06127550
LTKPIK3R1P27986500
LTKTNK2Q07912446
LTKPTPRMP28827402
LTKAXLP30530394
LTKALKQ9UM73391
LTKEML4Q9HC35369
LTKANGPT1Q15389344
LTKJAK2O60674337
LTKROS1P08922333
LTKNPM1P06748317
LTKPTNP21246317
LTKMDKP21741310

IntAct

14 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
LTKALKAL1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.590
LTKALKAL1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.590
ALKAL1LTKpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.590
PIK3R1LTKpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.570
LTKEPHA2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.540
PTPN1LTKpsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
LTKPKMpsi-mi:“MI:0217”(phosphorylation reaction)0.440
LTKPIK3R2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.420
LTKpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
DUSP6LTKpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
MTMR14LTKpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
ALKAL2LTKpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
LTKAIPpsi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.270

BioGRID (191): LTK (Synthetic Growth Defect), LTK (Reconstituted Complex), EGFR (Affinity Capture-Western), LTK (Affinity Capture-Western), SHC1 (Affinity Capture-Western), LTK (Affinity Capture-Western), DUSP6 (Two-hybrid), MTMR14 (Two-hybrid), LTK (Affinity Capture-MS), LTK (Affinity Capture-MS), LTK (Affinity Capture-MS), LTK (Affinity Capture-Western), PLCG1 (Affinity Capture-Western), PIK3R1 (Affinity Capture-Western), CBL (Biochemical Activity)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0EQL2, A2AJ76, A2AJA7, A6H8M9, A8T650, A8T682, A8T688, A8T6A6, D3ZLH5, F1QVU0, O08628, O75173, O88839, P04278, P08514, P08689, P0DV84, P15196, P20701, P29376, P32970, P38570, P60882, P80012, P97497, P97793, Q13444, Q15113, Q5RFQ8, Q5TM20, Q61398, Q63191, Q6UXC1, Q7Z304, Q7Z442, Q7Z7M0, Q8BNJ2, Q8CG85, Q8K1S7, Q8NBP7

Diamond homologs: F1QVU0, F8W3R9, O02466, O15146, O42127, O73798, O76411, O76997, P00529, P00530, P00541, P00542, P00543, P04629, P06213, P07332, P08069, P08922, P08923, P08941, P09208, P09760, P0DV84, P11362, P13368, P14238, P14616, P14617, P15127, P15208, P15209, P16092, P16591, P16879, P18460, P18461, P20806, P21802, P21803, P21804

SIGNOR signaling

5 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
LTK“down-regulates activity”PREBphosphorylation
LTKup-regulatesCBLphosphorylation
LTKup-regulatesIRS1phosphorylation
LTKup-regulatesPIK3CGbinding
LTKup-regulatesSHC1phosphorylation

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

171 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance148
Likely benign6
Benign2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2564 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
15:41504337:CACA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
15:41504338:ACAC:Adonor_loss1.0000
15:41504339:CACCT:Cdonor_loss1.0000
15:41504341:CCT:Cdonor_loss1.0000
15:41504353:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
15:41504354:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
15:41504500:A:Cdonor_gain1.0000
15:41504504:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
15:41504505:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
15:41504505:CA:Cdonor_gain1.0000
15:41504508:AGGC:Adonor_gain1.0000
15:41504544:T:TAdonor_gain1.0000
15:41504641:CTG:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
15:41505204:TAACC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
15:41505205:AACCT:Adonor_loss1.0000
15:41505206:A:ACdonor_loss1.0000
15:41505207:C:Tdonor_loss1.0000
15:41505395:TCTCA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
15:41505396:CTCA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
15:41505397:TCA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
15:41505398:CA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
15:41505399:A:Cdonor_loss1.0000
15:41505400:C:CAdonor_loss1.0000
15:41505527:CTTG:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
15:41505528:TTG:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
15:41505530:GC:Gacceptor_loss1.0000
15:41505531:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
15:41505531:C:CGacceptor_loss1.0000
15:41505535:G:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
15:41505535:G:GCacceptor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

5510 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
15:41504774:A:GW707R0.991
15:41504774:A:TW707R0.991
15:41505062:T:AD643V0.991
15:41505062:T:GD643A0.991
15:41504621:A:GW714R0.990
15:41504621:A:TW714R0.990
15:41504378:A:CF770L0.988
15:41504378:A:TF770L0.988
15:41504380:A:GF770L0.988
15:41504389:G:TR767S0.988
15:41504619:C:AW714C0.988
15:41504619:C:GW714C0.988
15:41504413:A:GC759R0.987
15:41504634:A:CF709L0.987
15:41504634:A:TF709L0.987
15:41504636:A:GF709L0.987
15:41505061:A:CD643E0.987
15:41505061:A:TD643E0.987
15:41512809:C:GC86S0.987
15:41512810:A:TC86S0.987
15:41505216:G:CF639L0.985
15:41505216:G:TF639L0.985
15:41505218:A:GF639L0.985
15:41504411:A:CC759W0.984
15:41504519:A:GC748R0.984
15:41504793:G:CF700L0.984
15:41504793:G:TF700L0.984
15:41504795:A:GF700L0.984
15:41505250:G:TA628D0.984
15:41505915:C:AK544N0.984

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000070402 (15:41504249 A>G,T), RS1000207718 (15:41508692 C>G), RS1000349216 (15:41514230 C>T), RS1000448985 (15:41508401 A>C), RS1000522184 (15:41509715 C>A,T), RS1000590270 (15:41508414 C>T), RS1000789031 (15:41514151 G>T), RS1000979143 (15:41509510 T>C), RS1001332360 (15:41505768 C>G), RS1002249316 (15:41510702 C>T), RS1002559382 (15:41513298 C>A), RS1002604957 (15:41510997 G>A), RS1002720434 (15:41510314 C>T), RS1002984932 (15:41512228 T>C), RS1002986368 (15:41506800 G>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:151520 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

6 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST004862_101Itch intensity from mosquito bite adjusted by bite size3.000000e-06
GCST006463_20Urinary albumin excretion (no hypertensive medication)1.000000e-08
GCST009379_199Type 2 diabetes1.000000e-13
GCST009379_200Type 2 diabetes5.000000e-06
GCST010658_17High density lipoprotein cholesterol levels4.000000e-08
GCST90002389_295Lymphocyte percentage of white cells7.000000e-15

EFO canonical traits (5, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0008377mosquito bite reaction itch intensity measurement
EFO:0008378mosquito bite reaction size measurement
EFO:0004285albuminuria
EFO:0004612high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0007993lymphocyte percentage of leukocytes

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL5627 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

43 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 486,107 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

MoleculeNamePhasePatents
CHEMBL1287853FEDRATINIB43,554
CHEMBL1789941RUXOLITINIB411,547
CHEMBL1983268ENTRECTINIB43,510
CHEMBL24828VANDETANIB442,230
CHEMBL288441BOSUTINIB412,255
CHEMBL3286830LORLATINIB43,598
CHEMBL3301622GILTERITINIB42,395
CHEMBL3545311BRIGATINIB45,634
CHEMBL3622821UPADACITINIB42,726
CHEMBL477772PAZOPANIB415,540
CHEMBL502835NINTEDANIB48,545
CHEMBL535SUNITINIB479,020
CHEMBL553ERLOTINIB4108,300
CHEMBL601719CRIZOTINIB414,403
CHEMBL608533MIDOSTAURIN47,259
CHEMBL939GEFITINIB4117,814
CHEMBL1879463DACTOLISIB37,988
CHEMBL223360LINIFANIB33,925
CHEMBL31965CANERTINIB38,083
CHEMBL428690ALVOCIDIB327,781
CHEMBL483158ALISERTIB3
CHEMBL491473CEDIRANIB3
CHEMBL603469LESTAURTINIB3
CHEMBL103667DORAMAPIMOD2
CHEMBL1230609FORETINIB2
CHEMBL1721885SU-0148132
CHEMBL1738757REBASTINIB2
CHEMBL1967878CENISERTIB2
CHEMBL1980297ILORASERTIB2
CHEMBL215152DEFOSBARASERTIB2

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: catalytic receptor — Type XIX RTKs: Leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) receptor family

Most potent curated ligand interactions (4 total), top 4:

LigandActionAffinityParameter
gilteritinibInhibition9.7pIC50
compound 8e [PMID: 24432909]Inhibition8.7pIC50
belizatinibInhibition8.6pKd
compound 20 [PMID: 30998356]Inhibition6.25pKi

ChEMBL bioactivities

251 potent at pChembl≥5 of 288 total, top 50 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChemblTypeValueUnitMolecule
9.46IC500.35nMGILTERITINIB
9.25IC500.567nMCHEMBL4546504
9.02Kd0.95nMTAE-684
8.96Kd1.1nMCHEMBL464552
8.80Ki1.585nMCHEMBL461876
8.80Ki1.585nMENTRECTINIB
8.74IC501.8nMCRIZOTINIB
8.70IC502nMCHEMBL3128069
8.70Ki1.995nMCHEMBL1164265
8.60Kd2.5nMCHEMBL2172308
8.60Ki2.512nMCHEMBL1825138
8.57IC502.7nMLORLATINIB
8.57Ki2.7nMLORLATINIB
8.57IC502.7nMCHEMBL5712062
8.50Ki3.162nMCHEMBL1980995
8.50Ki3.162nMCHEMBL1993661
8.44IC503.6nMSTAUROSPORINE
8.40IC504nMCHEMBL4473365
8.40Ki3.981nMCHEMBL1980329
8.20IC506.3nMCHEMBL4764610
8.10Ki7.943nMCHEMBL458997
8.09Kd8.2nMCHEMBL2172315
8.00Ki10nMCHEMBL1974328
8.00Ki10nMCHEMBL1164180
7.92Kd12nMCRIZOTINIB
7.90Ki12.59nMCHEMBL1977138
7.90Ki12.59nMCHEMBL1973961
7.85IC5014nMBRIGATINIB
7.80Ki15.85nMCENISERTIB
7.80Ki15.85nMCHEMBL1979690
7.72IC5019nMSTAUROSPORINE
7.70Ki19.95nMCHEMBL1989708
7.70Ki19.95nMCHEMBL1988581
7.60Ki25.12nMCHEMBL21156
7.60Ki25.12nMCHEMBL1967998
7.60Ki25.12nMCHEMBL1997335
7.54IC5029.2nMSTAUROSPORINE
7.54IC5029nMCHEMBL1235786
7.54Kd29nMCHEMBL1235786
7.50Ki31.62nMCHEMBL2002099
7.50Ki31.62nMCHEMBL2004290
7.50Ki31.62nMCHEMBL1981047
7.50Ki31.62nMCHEMBL2007421
7.44IC5036.3nMSTAUROSPORINE
7.43Kd37nMSTAUROSPORINE
7.40Ki39.81nMCHEMBL1983111
7.40Ki39.81nMILORASERTIB
7.37IC5043.1nMCHEMBL3735648
7.34IC5045.3nMCHEMBL4067871
7.30Ki50.12nMCHEMBL1825138

PubChem BioAssay actives

79 with measured affinity, of 392 total; 50 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

CompoundAssayTypeValueUnit
Gilteritinib1894600: Inhibition of LTK (unknown origin) in presence of ATPic500.0003uM
4-[[5-chloro-4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohexyl)oxy-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]amino]-N,N-dimethyl-3-[(2R)-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl]oxybenzamide1551609: Inhibition of recombinant human GST-tagged LTK cytoplasmic domain (450 to 864 residues) expressed in baculovirus expression system by Z’-LYTE assayic500.0006uM
5-chloro-2-N-[2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]phenyl]-4-N-(2-propan-2-ylsulfonylphenyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine624743: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd0.0009uM
2-[[2-[[1-[2-(dimethylamino)acetyl]-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydroindol-6-yl]amino]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]-6-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide624743: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd0.0011uM
Crizotinib2161832: Inhibition of human N-terminal GST-fused LTK catalytic domain (498 to 796 residues) expressed in baculovirus expression system using Srctide as substrate measured after 1 hr by off-chip mobility shift assay relative to controlic500.0018uM
(2R)-2-[5-[6-amino-5-[(1R)-1-[5-fluoro-2-(triazol-2-yl)phenyl]ethoxy]-3-pyridinyl]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]propane-1,2-diol1074705: Inhibition of LTK (unknown origin) using Km levels of ATPic500.0020uM
4-fluoro-N-[6-[[4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]methyl]-1-[4-(propan-2-ylcarbamoyl)cyclohexyl]benzimidazol-2-yl]benzamide703117: Binding affinity to human LTK by Ambit titration assaykd0.0025uM
(16R)-19-amino-13-fluoro-4,8,16-trimethyl-9-oxo-17-oxa-4,5,8,20-tetrazatetracyclo[16.3.1.02,6.010,15]docosa-1(22),2,5,11,13,18,20-heptaene-3-carbonitrile2187697: Inhibition of GST-tagged recombinant LTK (450 to 864 residues) (unknown origin) expressed in Insect cellic500.0027uM
Lorlatinib1153150: Inhibition of LTK (unknown origin) by TR-FRET-based Z’-LYTE assayic500.0027uM
(2S,3R,4R,6R)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(methylamino)-29-oxa-1,7,17-triazaoctacyclo[12.12.2.12,6.07,28.08,13.015,19.020,27.021,26]nonacosa-8,10,12,14,19,21,23,25,27-nonaen-16-one1308967: Inhibition of LTK (unknown origin) incubated for 1 hr by spectrophotometric analysisic500.0036uM
N-[5-[[5-chloro-4-(2-propan-2-ylsulfonylanilino)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino]-2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl-methylamino]-4-methoxyphenyl]prop-2-enamide1584373: Inhibition of recombinant GST-tagged human LTK cytoplasmic domain (440 to 864 residues) expressed in baculovirus expression system by Z-LYTE assayic500.0040uM
4-fluoro-2-methoxy-11-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-3-[(3R,5S)-3,4,5-trimethylpiperazin-1-yl]-6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline-8-carbonitrile1700707: Inhibition of human LTKic500.0063uM
3,5-difluoro-N-[6-[[4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]methyl]-1-[4-(propan-2-ylcarbamoyl)cyclohexyl]benzimidazol-2-yl]benzamide703117: Binding affinity to human LTK by Ambit titration assaykd0.0082uM
Brigatinib2182803: Inhibition of human LTK using EAIYAAPFAKKK as substrate in presence of [gamma33P]-ATP by HotSpot assayic500.0140uM
1-[3-methoxy-4-[[4-(2-propan-2-ylsulfonylanilino)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-6-yl]amino]phenyl]piperidin-4-ol2185959: Binding affinity to LTK (unknown origin) assessed as dissociation constant by Ambit kinase binding assaykd0.0290uM
6,6-dimethyl-8-[1-(oxan-4-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]-11-oxo-5H-benzo[b]carbazole-3-carbonitrile1312459: Inhibition of recombinant LTK (unknown origin) using poly(Glu,Tyr)4:1 as substrate incubated for 60 mins by ELISAic500.0431uM
4-chloro-2-[5-[[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl]amino]-3-isoquinolin-6-yl-2-pyridinyl]phenol1450723: Inhibition of recombinant LTK (unknown origin) using poly (Glu,Tyr) 4:1 as substrate after 60 mins by ELISAic500.0453uM
N-[2-hydroxy-3-[C-phenyl-N-[4-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]carbonimidoyl]-1H-indol-5-yl]ethanesulfonamide389052: Binding affinity to human LTKkd0.0520uM
2-N-[2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]phenyl]-4-N-(2-propan-2-ylsulfonylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine2161832: Inhibition of human N-terminal GST-fused LTK catalytic domain (498 to 796 residues) expressed in baculovirus expression system using Srctide as substrate measured after 1 hr by off-chip mobility shift assay relative to controlic500.0610uM
5-[(1R)-1-(3,5-dichloro-4-pyridinyl)ethoxy]-3-[6-(2-methylsulfonyl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)-3-pyridinyl]-1H-indazole2118406: Inhibition of human LTK by KINOMEscan analysisic500.0650uM
5-fluoro-2-[5-[[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl]amino]-3-(3-methyl-2H-indazol-5-yl)-2-pyridinyl]phenol1450723: Inhibition of recombinant LTK (unknown origin) using poly (Glu,Tyr) 4:1 as substrate after 60 mins by ELISAic500.0685uM
1-N’-[3-fluoro-4-[6-methoxy-7-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)quinolin-4-yl]oxyphenyl]-1-N-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide624743: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd0.1100uM
4-fluoro-2-[5-[[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl]amino]-3-(3-methyl-2H-indazol-5-yl)-2-pyridinyl]phenol1450723: Inhibition of recombinant LTK (unknown origin) using poly (Glu,Tyr) 4:1 as substrate after 60 mins by ELISAic500.1229uM
methyl 2-hydroxy-3-[N-[4-[methyl-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]amino]phenyl]-C-phenylcarbonimidoyl]-1H-indole-6-carboxylate624743: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd0.1500uM
1-[4-[(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[4-[6-(methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl]oxyphenyl]urea435168: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd0.1600uM
3-(2,2-difluoro-10,12-dimethyl-1-aza-3-azonia-2-boranuidatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-3,5,7,9,11-pentaen-4-yl)-N-[2-[2-[2-[2-[[(2S,3R,4R,6R)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-16-oxo-29-oxa-1,7,17-triazaoctacyclo[12.12.2.12,6.07,28.08,13.015,19.020,27.021,26]nonacosa-8,10,12,14,19,21,23,25,27-nonaen-4-yl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]propanamide1526243: Binding affinity to recombinant full-length N-terminal His-FLAG-GST-tagged LTK (unknown origin) (498 to 796 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 insect cells incubated for 1 hr by TR-FRET assaykd0.1930uM
3-(2,2-difluoro-10,12-dimethyl-1-aza-3-azonia-2-boranuidatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-3,5,7,9,11-pentaen-4-yl)-N-[2-[2-[2-[2-[[(2S,3R,4R,6R)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-16-oxo-29-oxa-1,7,17-triazaoctacyclo[12.12.2.12,6.07,28.08,13.015,19.020,27.021,26]nonacosa-8,10,12,14,19,21,23,25,27-nonaen-4-yl]-methylamino]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]propanamide1526243: Binding affinity to recombinant full-length N-terminal His-FLAG-GST-tagged LTK (unknown origin) (498 to 796 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 insect cells incubated for 1 hr by TR-FRET assaykd0.1930uM
4-[4-[(3-tert-butyl-1-quinolin-6-ylpyrazol-5-yl)carbamoylamino]-3-fluorophenoxy]-N-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide2168264: Inhibition of human wild type TYK1 using PolyEY as substrate preincubated for 2 hrs followed by ATP addition and measured every 2 mins for 2.5 hrs by spectrophotometric analysisic500.2600uM
4-chloro-2-[5-[[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl]amino]-3-(3-methyl-2H-indazol-5-yl)-2-pyridinyl]phenol1450723: Inhibition of recombinant LTK (unknown origin) using poly (Glu,Tyr) 4:1 as substrate after 60 mins by ELISAic500.2995uM
N-propyl-4-[[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]amino]benzamide1440133: Inhibition of LTK (unknown origin) after 60 mins by TR-FRET assayic500.3600uM
Ruxolitinib624743: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd0.4400uM
(15S,16S,18R)-16-hydroxy-16-(hydroxymethyl)-15-methyl-28-oxa-4,14,19-triazaoctacyclo[12.11.2.115,18.02,6.07,27.08,13.019,26.020,25]octacosa-1,6,8,10,12,20,22,24,26-nonaen-3-one507592: Binding affinity to LTKkd0.4900uM
1-[4-(3-amino-1H-indazol-4-yl)phenyl]-3-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)urea435168: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd0.5500uM
Vandetanib435168: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd0.5500uM
6-[[5-fluoro-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]-2,2-dimethyl-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one624743: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd0.8000uM
Erlotinib435168: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd0.8900uM
[4-[(E)-2-(1H-indazol-3-yl)ethenyl]phenyl]-piperazin-1-ylmethanone624743: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd0.9200uM
4-[[(7R)-8-cyclopentyl-7-ethyl-5-methyl-6-oxo-7H-pteridin-2-yl]amino]-3-methoxy-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)benzamide624743: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd1.2000uM
2-(4-amino-1-propan-2-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-ol624743: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd1.4000uM
1-[3-tert-butyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazol-5-yl]-3-[4-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)naphthalen-1-yl]urea435168: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd1.4000uM
Sunitinib435168: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd1.8000uM
2-(2-chlorophenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-[(3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl]chromen-4-one435168: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd2.2000uM
Upadacitinib2189521: Inhibition of LTK (unknown origin) by TR-FRET assayic502.7000uM
Bosutinib624743: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd3.0000uM
Midostaurin435168: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd3.0000uM
2-[3-[[7-[3-[ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]propoxy]quinazolin-4-yl]amino]-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-N-(3-fluorophenyl)acetamide435168: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd3.2000uM
5-[(Z)-(5-fluoro-2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-N-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide435168: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd4.2000uM
4-[(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)oxy]-6-methoxy-7-(3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropoxy)quinazoline624743: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd4.3000uM
N-[4-(3-chloro-4-fluoroanilino)-7-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)quinazolin-6-yl]prop-2-enamide624743: Binding constant for LTK kinase domainkd5.1000uM
5,5-dimethyl-8-[[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)furo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]amino]-1H-4,1-benzoxazepin-2-one1440133: Inhibition of LTK (unknown origin) after 60 mins by TR-FRET assayic505.1100uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

19 total (human), top 19 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidincreases expression, increases methylation3
aristolochic acid Iincreases expression1
fluorene-9-bisphenoldecreases expression1
arseniteincreases methylation1
perfluorooctanoic acidincreases expression1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
Fulvestrantdecreases methylation1
Arsenicincreases methylation1
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation1
Diazinonincreases methylation1
Rifampinincreases expression1
Smokeincreases expression1
Tobacco Smoke Pollutiondecreases expression1
Tretinoinincreases expression1
Triclosandecreases expression1
Asbestos, Serpentinedecreases methylation1
Asbestos, Crocidolitedecreases methylation1
Asbestos, Amositedecreases methylation1
Okadaic Acidincreases expression1

ChEMBL screening assays

248 unique, capped per target: 246 binding, 1 functional, 1 admet

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL1035899BindingBinding affinity to human LTK at 10 uM relative to controlAssessment of chemical coverage of kinome space and its implications for kinase drug discovery. — J Med Chem
CHEMBL1964115FunctionalPUBCHEM_BIOASSAY: Navigating the Kinome. (Class of assay: other) Panel member name: LTKPubChem BioAssay data set
CHEMBL4023734ADMETInhibition of recombinant human cytoplasmic GST-tagged LTK expressed in baculovirus at 1 uM by Z’-LYTE assayDiscovery of GDC-0853: A Potent, Selective, and Noncovalent Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Early Clinical Development. — J Med Chem

Cellosaurus cell lines

2 cell lines: 2 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_SW07HAP1 LTK (-) 1Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_SW08HAP1 LTK (-) 2Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.