MAP2

gene
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Also known as MAP2AMAP2BMAP2C

Summary

MAP2 (microtubule associated protein 2, HGNC:6839) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2q34, encoding Microtubule-associated protein 2 (P11137). The exact function of MAP2 is unknown but MAPs may stabilize the microtubules against depolymerization.

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the microtubule-associated protein family. The proteins of this family are thought to be involved in microtubule assembly, which is an essential step in neurogenesis. The products of similar genes in rat and mouse are neuron-specific cytoskeletal proteins that are enriched in dentrites, implicating a role in determining and stabilizing dentritic shape during neuron development. A number of alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.

Source: NCBI Gene 4133 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 18
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 263 total — 1 pathogenic
  • Druggable target: yes
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_001375505

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:6839
Approved symbolMAP2
Namemicrotubule associated protein 2
Location2q34
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesMAP2A, MAP2B, MAP2C
Ensembl geneENSG00000078018
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM157130
Entrez4133

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 51 — 43 protein_coding, 6 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 2 retained_intron

ENST00000199940, ENST00000360351, ENST00000361559, ENST00000392193, ENST00000392194, ENST00000445941, ENST00000447185, ENST00000452717, ENST00000461253, ENST00000464007, ENST00000471619, ENST00000473543, ENST00000475600, ENST00000478233, ENST00000481649, ENST00000482864, ENST00000673860, ENST00000682079, ENST00000704357, ENST00000907243, ENST00000907244, ENST00000907245, ENST00000907246, ENST00000907247, ENST00000907248, ENST00000907249, ENST00000907250, ENST00000907251, ENST00000907252, ENST00000907253, ENST00000907254, ENST00000907255, ENST00000907256, ENST00000907257, ENST00000907258, ENST00000907259, ENST00000907260, ENST00000938182, ENST00000938183, ENST00000938184, ENST00000938185, ENST00000938186, ENST00000958261, ENST00000958262, ENST00000958263, ENST00000958264, ENST00000958265, ENST00000958266, ENST00000958267, ENST00000958268, ENST00000958269

RefSeq mRNA: 58 — MANE Select: NM_001375505 NM_001039538, NM_001363910, NM_001363911, NM_001363913, NM_001375474, NM_001375493, NM_001375494, NM_001375495, NM_001375496, NM_001375497, NM_001375498, NM_001375499, NM_001375500, NM_001375501, NM_001375502, NM_001375503, NM_001375504, NM_001375505, NM_001375506, NM_001375507, NM_001375508, NM_001375509, NM_001375510, NM_001375526, NM_001375527, NM_001375528, NM_001375529, NM_001375530, NM_001375531, NM_001375532, NM_001375533, NM_001375534, NM_001375535, NM_001375536, NM_001375537, NM_001375538, NM_001375539, NM_001375540, NM_001375541, NM_001375542, NM_001375543, NM_001375544, NM_001375545, NM_001375546, NM_001375548, NM_001375551, NM_001375552, NM_001375553, NM_001375554, NM_001375555, NM_001375556, NM_001375557, NM_001375558, NM_001375559, NM_001375583, NM_002374, NM_031845, NM_031847

CCDS: CCDS2384, CCDS2385, CCDS33369, CCDS86916

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000682079 — 16 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00000934702209653142209653432
ENSE00001002769209580036209580100
ENSE00001002771209625053209625129
ENSE00001173452209696917209697051
ENSE00001173465209692625209696350
ENSE00001426753209507592209507641
ENSE00002269717209729850209729962
ENSE00003488583209705580209705727
ENSE00003502144209678572209678685
ENSE00003510474209680750209680827
ENSE00003550656209700277209700338
ENSE00003566567209709914209710254
ENSE00003569157209725709209725790
ENSE00003671028209696542209696748
ENSE00003919847209730182209734112
ENSE00003921376209424047209424276

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 267 present calls, max score 99.83.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 76.5007 / max 8023.6704, expressed in 1255 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (41 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
2493131.91381215
2494418.9604266
249374.9049202
249454.7034203
249553.0460220
249392.4010243
249431.6624144
249301.2417281
249561.2047167
249470.8379132

Top tissues by expression

292 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
Brodmann (1909) area 23UBERON:001355499.83gold quality
endothelial cellCL:000011599.82gold quality
superior vestibular nucleusUBERON:000722799.81gold quality
ponsUBERON:000098899.77gold quality
substantia nigra pars compactaUBERON:000196599.77gold quality
entorhinal cortexUBERON:000272899.77gold quality
parietal lobeUBERON:000187299.75gold quality
postcentral gyrusUBERON:000258199.72gold quality
middle temporal gyrusUBERON:000277199.71gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulataUBERON:000196699.69gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamusUBERON:000273699.61gold quality
cortical plateUBERON:000534399.60gold quality
lateral globus pallidusUBERON:000247699.53gold quality
ganglionic eminenceUBERON:000402399.52gold quality
ventral tegmental areaUBERON:000269199.47gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305399.22gold quality
superior frontal gyrusUBERON:000266199.08gold quality
primary visual cortexUBERON:000243698.75gold quality
temporal lobeUBERON:000187198.72gold quality
nucleus accumbensUBERON:000188298.54gold quality
occipital lobeUBERON:000202198.48gold quality
right frontal lobeUBERON:000281098.47gold quality
prefrontal cortexUBERON:000045198.09gold quality
amygdalaUBERON:000187698.08gold quality
anterior cingulate cortexUBERON:000983598.01gold quality
cingulate cortexUBERON:000302797.97gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortexUBERON:000983497.81gold quality
neocortexUBERON:000195097.60gold quality
cerebral cortexUBERON:000095697.57gold quality
telencephalonUBERON:000189397.55gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 9 experiment(s), a significant marker in 6.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-HCAD-56yes1665.21
E-HCAD-35yes64.43
E-GEOD-137537yes15.51
E-HCAD-25yes9.30
E-GEOD-81547yes6.98
E-GEOD-93593no2997.70
E-GEOD-75140no1970.78
E-MTAB-7303no853.79
E-ANND-3no0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CHD8, FOSB, HES1, HOXA1, MECOM, NEUROD1, NR2F1, PAX1, TP53, TXK, ZBTB18

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

292 targeting MAP2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6867-5P100.0082.213464
HSA-MIR-200B-3P100.0073.312693
HSA-MIR-200C-3P100.0073.352685
HSA-MIR-429100.0073.442698
HSA-MIR-5011-5P100.0083.465820
HSA-MIR-5692A100.0074.406850
HSA-MIR-190A-3P100.0080.355520
HSA-MIR-3163100.0077.238605
HSA-LET-7A-3P100.0074.033932
HSA-LET-7B-3P100.0074.083913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P100.0074.023928
HSA-MIR-98-3P100.0074.083907
HSA-MIR-4692100.0067.322066
HSA-MIR-6833-3P100.0070.633197
HSA-MIR-340-5P100.0072.504437
HSA-MIR-4768-5P100.0069.492861
HSA-MIR-126-5P100.0072.713180
HSA-MIR-518D-5P100.0067.51979
HSA-MIR-518E-5P100.0067.66954
HSA-MIR-518F-5P100.0067.51979
HSA-MIR-519A-5P100.0067.66954
HSA-MIR-519B-5P100.0067.66954
HSA-MIR-519C-5P100.0067.66954
HSA-MIR-520C-5P100.0067.51979
HSA-MIR-522-5P100.0067.66954
HSA-MIR-523-5P100.0067.66954
HSA-MIR-526A-5P100.0067.51979
HSA-MIR-1277-5P100.0073.955056
HSA-MIR-513A-5P100.0069.772465
HSA-MIR-5692B100.0071.322622

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

  • MAP2 expression in astrocytomas is due predominantly to low molecular weight isoforms, evident in astrocytes as well as neurons; focal expression of hmw-MAP2 suggests that neuronal antigens may be expressed, particularly in high grade astrocytomas. (PMID:11922706)
  • role of small cluster of charged residues in controlling filament morphology (PMID:12023276)
  • beta-chains of tubulin and MAP-2 are expressed functionally in SCLC cell lines in association with the development of dendrite-like processes on PC-9 / ECM substrate (PMID:12079519)
  • These results provide strong evidence suggesting that MAP2c and tau stabilize microtubules by binding along individual protofilaments, possibly by bridging the tubulin interfaces. (PMID:12082079)
  • Immunoreactivity of MAP-2 has been demonstrated in most neuroendocrine and neuroectodermal related neoplasms such as small cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, carcinoid tumor of the lung. (PMID:12605092)
  • binding of dehydroepiandrosterone to MAP2C involves specific hydrogen bonds that orient the steroid into the pocket (PMID:12775713)
  • The differential distribution of various epitopes suggests that the presence of the Phospho-Ser(262) epitope of tau either accelerates the transition form pre-tangle to tangle, or appears later than the other epitopes in the process of tangle formation. (PMID:12927759)
  • over-expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 is associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (PMID:14604896)
  • These data point towards MAP2 as valuable diagnostic tool for pattern recognition and differential diagnosis of low-grade neuroepithelial tumors. (PMID:15146346)
  • Decreased spinophilin but unchanged MAP2 expression provides molecular evidence for a hippocampal dendritic pathology in schizophrenia that preferentially affects the spines (PMID:15465982)
  • determined that Fyn phosphorylated MAP-2c on tyrosine 67 (PMID:15536091)
  • MAP2 is involved in the association of endoplasmic reticulum membranes with microtubules. (PMID:15623521)
  • Independent of one another MAP-2c and Fyn are able to induce process outgrowth and in concert can initiate and enhance process outgrowth in an additive manner. (PMID:16145685)
  • MAP-2 is expressed in the cytoplasm of non-tumorous adenohypophysial cells as well as of various pituitary adenoma types. (PMID:16195780)
  • Tat action on MAP2 stability involved Tat-mediated translocation of the proteasome to the site of microtubule filaments. (PMID:16611822)
  • Notch signaling, which is implicated in melanoma progression, and Hairy and Enhancer of Split (HES1) play a role in MAP2 gene regulation during melanoma progression. (PMID:16916793)
  • An analysis was made of the weak interactions of ADP-Unc104 and ADP-kinesin with microtubules and their inhibition by MAP2. (PMID:17326138)
  • Thus, our findings have not only identified a novel role of MAP2 in non-neuronal cells, but also provided the first implication of MAP2 in malignant oral cancer tissues. (PMID:18073143)
  • Data show that the Sudden infant death syndrome group and hypoxic/ischemic group exhibites a general reduction in the number of MAP2 reactive neurons in comparison with the non-hypoxic/ischemic injury group. (PMID:19009302)
  • Using shotgun mass spectrometry, we found this protein differentially expressed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from patients with schizophrenia. (PMID:19165527)
  • MAP-2 immunoexpression in gliomatosis cerebri (PMID:19309409)
  • In contrast with the findings of previous studies, our data indicate that MAP-2 is a moderately positive predictor of the progression of superficial spreading melanomas. (PMID:19369632)
  • MAP-2 is a sensitive and specific marker of neuroblastoma, both in the primary tumor and bone marrow biopsy settings. (PMID:19701075)
  • Hyperactivation of BRAF-MEK signaling activates MAP2 expression in melanoma cells by two independent mechanisms, promoter demethylation or down-regulation of neuronal transcription repressor HES1. (PMID:19880519)
  • The results of this study confirmed previous published data showing a schizophrenia-associated decrease in MAP2 in area 9 with no change in area 17 and no change in Huntington chorea. (PMID:20092829)
  • Increased MAP2 expression in malignant melanoma cells significantly inhibits tumor cell growth and neoplasm invasiveness, and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. (PMID:20100193)
  • Data indicate that the decline of MAP2 is a common phenomenon in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), which seems to occur at an early stage of incubation period. (PMID:22272295)
  • The protein phosphatase PP2A/Balpha binds to the microtubule-associated proteins Tau and MAP2 at a motif also recognized by the kinase Fyn. (PMID:22403409)
  • Dysfunction of MAP2/tau family leads to disruption of microtubule structure and impairment of axonal transport, and eventually triggers apoptosis in neurons, which becomes an essential pathway for prion to induce the neuropathology. (PMID:22874672)
  • MAP-2 and nestin participate in the regulation of the development of gastric tissues in human embryos. (PMID:22985576)
  • Altered MAP2 and tau expression in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and decreased tau expression in MTLE with psychosis were found. (PMID:24069608)
  • MAP2 may play a significant role in neurotoxicity in the Alzheimer’s disease brain despite the absence of MAP2-aggregates. (PMID:24587039)
  • Study suggests that many of the morphological changes detected in children’s brainstems regarding distributions of HIF-1alpha and MAP-2 could be due to age differences, but in some regions these distributions are more dependent on the hypoxic conditions (PMID:24780770)
  • MAP 2 is a moderately sensitive marker of haemangioblastoma (PMID:24977729)
  • SNCG, MAP2, SDF-1 and CXCR4 may play an important role in the carcinogenesis, progression, invasion and metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma. (PMID:25400739)
  • PP2A/striatin complex modulates microtubule dynamics by regulating MAP2 phosphorylation (PMID:25497017)
  • MAP2 expression in ovarian teratomas does not appear to have a role in predictive the development of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. (PMID:25569473)
  • Prolactin significantly increased the gene expression and protein levels of MAP2 in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells, while no significant changes were observed in U-87MG glioblastoma cells. (PMID:25629269)
  • MAP2 expression is affected by actomyosin contractility during nanotopography-directed neuronal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (PMID:25682157)
  • Findings demonstrate that microtubule-associated protein 2-immunoreactivity loss is closely linked to dendritic spine pathology in schizophrenia. (PMID:25818630)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
mus_musculusMap2ENSMUSG00000015222
rattus_norvegicusMap2ENSRNOG00000011841

Paralogs (1): MAPT (ENSG00000186868)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Microtubule-associated protein 2P11137 (reviewed: P11137)

All UniProt accessions (6): P11137, A0A024R3Z1, A0A669KB77, A8MZ31, E7EV03, H7BZB9

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. The exact function of MAP2 is unknown but MAPs may stabilize the microtubules against depolymerization. They also seem to have a stiffening effect on microtubules.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with KNDC1 (via KIND2); the interaction enhances MAP2 phosphorylation and localizes KNDC1 to dendrites. Interacts with DPYSL5.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton. Cell projection. Dendrite.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylated at serine residues in K-X-G-S motifs by MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK1 or MARK2), causing detachment from microtubules, and their disassembly. Isoform 2 is probably phosphorylated by PKA at Ser-323, Ser-354 and Ser-386 and by FYN at Tyr-67. The interaction with KNDC1 enhances MAP2 threonine phosphorylation.

Isoforms (4)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
P11137-11, MAP2byes
P11137-22, MAP2c
P11137-33
P11137-44

RefSeq proteins (58): NP_001034627, NP_001350839, NP_001350840, NP_001350842, NP_001362403, NP_001362422, NP_001362423, NP_001362424, NP_001362425, NP_001362426, NP_001362427, NP_001362428, NP_001362429, NP_001362430, NP_001362431, NP_001362432, NP_001362433, NP_001362434, NP_001362435, NP_001362436, NP_001362437, NP_001362438, NP_001362439, NP_001362455, NP_001362456, NP_001362457, NP_001362458, NP_001362459, NP_001362460, NP_001362461, NP_001362462, NP_001362463, NP_001362464, NP_001362465, NP_001362466, NP_001362467, NP_001362468, NP_001362469, NP_001362470, NP_001362471, NP_001362472, NP_001362473, NP_001362474, NP_001362475, NP_001362477, NP_001362480, NP_001362481, NP_001362482, NP_001362483, NP_001362484, NP_001362485, NP_001362486, NP_001362487, NP_001362488, NP_001362512, NP_002365, NP_114033, NP_114035 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR001084MAP_tubulin-bd_rptRepeat
IPR013588MAP2_projctnDomain
IPR027324MAP2/MAP4/TauFamily

Pfam: PF00418, PF08377

UniProt features (108 total): modified residue 46, compositionally biased region 23, region of interest 14, sequence conflict 8, sequence variant 8, splice variant 5, repeat 3, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-P11137-F140.460.00

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (46): 67, 323, 354, 386, 136, 140, 143, 285, 498, 601, 605, 610, 629, 725, 729, 733, 736, 738, 745, 821 …

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 0 (showing top):

GO Biological Process (12): microtubule cytoskeleton organization (GO:0000226), dendrite development (GO:0016358), central nervous system neuron development (GO:0021954), negative regulation of axon extension (GO:0030517), regulation of microtubule polymerization (GO:0031113), negative regulation of microtubule polymerization (GO:0031115), neuron projection development (GO:0031175), regulation of protein localization (GO:0032880), dendrite morphogenesis (GO:0048813), positive regulation of anterograde dense core granule transport (GO:1901953), regulation of organelle transport along microtubule (GO:1902513), positive regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport (GO:1903744)

GO Molecular Function (7): dystroglycan binding (GO:0002162), structural molecule activity (GO:0005198), calmodulin binding (GO:0005516), microtubule binding (GO:0008017), tau protein binding (GO:0048156), protein binding (GO:0005515), tubulin binding (GO:0015631)

GO Cellular Component (24): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), microtubule (GO:0005874), microtubule associated complex (GO:0005875), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), cilium (GO:0005929), dendrite (GO:0030425), dendrite cytoplasm (GO:0032839), neuron projection (GO:0043005), neuronal cell body (GO:0043025), axon initial segment (GO:0043194), dendritic shaft (GO:0043198), axon hillock (GO:0043203), dendritic growth cone (GO:0044294), dendritic branch (GO:0044307), basal dendrite (GO:0097441), primary dendrite (GO:0150001), distal dendrite (GO:0150002), apical distal dendrite (GO:0150014), dendritic filopodium (GO:1902737), proximal dendrite (GO:1990635), proximal neuron projection (GO:1990769), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856), cell projection (GO:0042995)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
dendrite7
cellular anatomical structure5
neuron development2
microtubule polymerization2
positive regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule2
protein binding2
cytoskeletal protein binding2
microtubule cytoskeleton2
plasma membrane bounded cell projection2
neuron projection2
cytoskeleton organization1
microtubule-based process1
neuron projection development1
anatomical structure development1
central nervous system neuron differentiation1
negative regulation of cell growth1
regulation of axon extension1
negative regulation of developmental growth1
axon extension1
negative regulation of axonogenesis1
regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization1
regulation of protein polymerization1
regulation of supramolecular fiber organization1
negative regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization1
regulation of microtubule polymerization1
negative regulation of protein polymerization1
negative regulation of supramolecular fiber organization1
plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization1
intracellular protein localization1
regulation of localization1
dendrite development1
cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation1
neuron projection morphogenesis1
regulation of anterograde dense core granule transport1
positive regulation of dense core granule transport1
anterograde neuronal dense core vesicle transport1
regulation of intracellular transport1
regulation of microtubule-based movement1
organelle transport along microtubule1
anterograde synaptic vesicle transport1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2820 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
MAP2SYPP08247861
MAP2DLG4P78352803
MAP2NESP48681801
MAP2GFAPP14136794
MAP2RBFOX3A6NFN3789
MAP2MBPP02686774
MAP2GAP43P17677771
MAP2NEFLP07196747
MAP2CHATP28329730
MAP2SYN1P17600729
MAP2DCXO43602729
MAP2TUBB3Q13509713
MAP2BDNFP23560712
MAP2ENO2P09104683
MAP2VDAC1P21796671

IntAct

57 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
NFE2L2MAFGpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.940
MED21MED19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.880
PRKAR1Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.700
MAP2GRB2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.670
MAP2GRB2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.670
GRB2MAP2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.670
GRB2MAP2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.670
GRB2MAP2psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.670
YWHAGBLTP3Bpsi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.640
YWHAHBLTP3Bpsi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.570
SYNGAP1IGF2BP3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
NUFIP1PDE2Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
PRKAR2BAMY1Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
ITCHMAP2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MAP2CalpBpsi-mi:“MI:0194”(cleavage reaction)0.440
MAP2HSD17B12psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
CCP110MAP2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
MAPTMEX3Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
Prdm16ESYT2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
MAPTSHTN1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
CEP135WDR91psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
GPM6AKIF2Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
HAX1DNM1Lpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
DGUOKBIN1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
ARMC1DCXpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (116): MAP2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAP2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAP2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAP2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAP2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAP2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAP2 (Proximity Label-MS), MAP2 (Biochemical Activity), MAP2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAP2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAP2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAP2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAP2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAP2 (Affinity Capture-RNA), MAP2 (Biochemical Activity)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2ARZ3, A4FU69, A4IH95, A5WUN7, A6H5Y1, A7MC64, D3Z8E6, E9Q309, O75969, O95197, P11137, P15146, P20357, P86839, Q01613, Q0P5X5, Q16799, Q2M2Z5, Q2T9M9, Q498L0, Q52KN3, Q53TS8, Q5IS59, Q5MY90, Q5RHB5, Q5SW79, Q5T5Y3, Q5VT06, Q62394, Q64548, Q6A065, Q6DFV7, Q6RJR6, Q6ZQ06, Q6ZVD7, Q76I76, Q7TS75, Q8BYM7, Q8BZJ8, Q8C5W0

Diamond homologs: O02828, P10636, P10637, P11137, P15146, P19332, P20357, P27546, P27816, P29172, P36225, P57786, Q5M7W5, Q5S6V2, Q5YCV9, Q5YCW0, Q5YCW1, Q6TS35, Q9MYX8

SIGNOR signaling

15 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
PRKACA“down-regulates activity”MAP2phosphorylation
DPYSL5“down-regulates activity”MAP2binding
MAP2“up-regulates quantity by stabilization”Microtubule_polimerizationbinding
KNDC1“up-regulates activity”MAP2phosphorylation
PRKACAup-regulatesMAP2phosphorylation
CHD8“down-regulates quantity”MAP2“transcriptional regulation”
MARK1“down-regulates activity”MAP2phosphorylation
estramustine“down-regulates activity”MAP2“chemical inhibition”

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 58 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Activation of BAD and translocation to mitochondria699.3×4e-09
Chk1/Chk2(Cds1) mediated inactivation of Cyclin B:Cdk1 complex687.6×4e-09
SARS-CoV-1 targets host intracellular signalling and regulatory pathways687.6×4e-09
Activation of BH3-only proteins664.8×2e-08
RHO GTPases activate PKNs641.4×3e-07
Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis638.2×3e-07
FOXO-mediated transcription536.5×5e-06
FCGR3A-mediated IL10 synthesis531.8×9e-06

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
intracellular protein localization713.8×2e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

263 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic1
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance205
Likely benign23
Benign12

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
150477GRCh38/hg38 2q33.3-34(chr2:207058886-211245603)x1Pathogenic

SpliceAI

0 predictions. Top by Δscore:

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000005188 (2:209576215 T>C), RS1000012948 (2:209475038 G>A,C), RS1000018228 (2:209510151 A>G), RS1000019962 (2:209722489 A>G), RS1000023771 (2:209446419 C>A,G,T), RS1000026924 (2:209484710 A>C), RS1000029839 (2:209675632 T>G), RS1000048194 (2:209553498 A>G), RS1000050069 (2:209621622 A>G), RS1000059755 (2:209469725 C>T), RS1000072304 (2:209596029 A>C), RS1000081284 (2:209666354 T>C), RS1000084891 (2:209568460 G>A), RS1000105674 (2:209527500 T>A), RS1000160289 (2:209704357 G>C,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:157130 | disease phenotypes: MIM:312750

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): Rett syndrome (MONDO:0010726)

Orphanet (2): Atypical Rett syndrome (Orphanet:3095), Rett syndrome (Orphanet:778)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

18 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST007324_101Adventurousness9.000000e-09
GCST007325_109General risk tolerance (MTAG)3.000000e-10
GCST007592_1Handedness (Left-handed vs. non-left-handed)4.000000e-08
GCST008103_179Bipolar disorder8.000000e-06
GCST008158_128Body mass index8.000000e-06
GCST008163_239Height6.000000e-07
GCST008818_3Handedness (Left-handed vs. non-left-handed)5.000000e-08
GCST008819_1Handedness (left-handed vs. right-handed)3.000000e-08
GCST010698_62Subcortical volume (min-P)2.000000e-09
GCST010699_39Brain morphology (min-P)1.000000e-08
GCST010700_2Cortical thickness (MOSTest)9.000000e-21
GCST010701_46Cortical surface area (MOSTest)3.000000e-19
GCST010702_16Subcortical volume (MOSTest)5.000000e-08
GCST010703_138Brain morphology (MOSTest)4.000000e-08
GCST011741_70LDL cholesterol levels in HIV infection1.000000e-05
GCST90010427_6Left–right brain asymmetry1.000000e-10
GCST90013411_1Skin and soft tissue infections2.000000e-06
GCST90013421_25Left-handedness2.000000e-30

EFO canonical traits (7, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0008579risk-taking behaviour
EFO:0009902handedness
EFO:0004340body mass index
EFO:0004346neuroimaging measurement
EFO:0004840cortical thickness
EFO:0004611low density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:1001489skin and soft tissue Staphylococcus aureus infection

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

DescriptorNameTree numbers
D015518Rett SyndromeC10.597.606.360.455.937; C16.320.322.500.937; C16.320.400.525.937

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL2390810 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

ChEMBL bioactivities

31 potent at pChembl≥5 of 39 total, top 31 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChemblTypeValueUnitMolecule
8.70IC501.995nMCHEMBL4746468
8.50IC503.162nMCHEMBL4762949
8.30IC505.012nMCHEMBL4796852
8.20IC506.31nMCHEMBL4743507
7.60IC5025.12nMCHEMBL4800438
7.60IC5025.12nMCHEMBL4791887
7.30IC5050.12nMCHEMBL4756420
7.20IC5063.1nMCHEMBL4751717
7.00IC50100nMCHEMBL4777059
7.00IC50100nMCHEMBL4760584
6.90IC50125.9nMCHEMBL4789033
6.60IC50251.2nMCHEMBL4752469
6.60IC50251.2nMCHEMBL4747815
6.50IC50316.2nMCHEMBL4744483
6.50IC50316.2nMCHEMBL4752192
6.40IC50398.1nMCHEMBL4791945
6.40IC50398.1nMCHEMBL4748280
6.30IC50501.2nMCHEMBL4739940
6.20IC50631nMCHEMBL4788981
6.20IC50631nMCHEMBL4763098
6.00IC501000nMCHEMBL4791336
5.90IC501259nMCHEMBL4764145
5.80IC501585nMCHEMBL4751163
5.60IC502512nMCHEMBL4754200
5.52IC503000nMCHEMBL3586452
5.40IC504000nMCHEMBL3586455
5.40IC503981nMCHEMBL4747043
5.30IC505000nMCHEMBL3586457
5.20IC506310nMCHEMBL4740679
5.10IC508000nMCHEMBL3586456
5.10IC507943nMCHEMBL4792430

PubChem BioAssay actives

31 with measured affinity, of 50 total; 31 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

CompoundAssayTypeValueUnit
5,6-difluoro-3-(4-piperazin-1-yl-2-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.0020uM
5-chloro-6-fluoro-3-(4-piperazin-1-yl-2-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.0032uM
5-chloro-6-fluoro-3-(2-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.0050uM
5-chloro-6-fluoro-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.0063uM
5-chloro-3-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.0251uM
5-chloro-3-(2-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.0251uM
5-chloro-3-(4-morpholin-4-ylphenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.0501uM
5-chloro-6-fluoro-3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.0631uM
5-chloro-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.1000uM
5-chloro-3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.1000uM
5-chloro-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.1259uM
5-chloro-3-[4-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.2512uM
5-chloro-3-[4-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)phenyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.2512uM
5-chloro-3-(2-methylphenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.3162uM
5-chloro-3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.3162uM
5-chloro-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.3981uM
5-chloro-3-[2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.3981uM
5-chloro-3-(4-cyanophenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.5012uM
5-chloro-7-fluoro-3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.6310uM
5-fluoro-3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic500.6310uM
5-chloro-3-[4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic501.0000uM
5-chloro-3-phenyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic501.2589uM
1-(5-chloro-3-phenyl-1H-indol-2-yl)ethanone1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic501.5849uM
3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic502.5119uM
7-(2-methylphenyl)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,5-c][1,5]naphthyridin-4-one1230704: Inhibition of human METAP2 using Met-Pro-Arg-pNa substrate by para-nitroanilide chromophore release detection assayic503.0000uM
5-chloro-4-fluoro-3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic503.9811uM
N-methyl-2-[4-oxo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,5-c][1,5]naphthyridin-7-yl]benzenesulfonamide1230704: Inhibition of human METAP2 using Met-Pro-Arg-pNa substrate by para-nitroanilide chromophore release detection assayic504.0000uM
7-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-pyridinyl]-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,5-c][1,5]naphthyridin-4-one1230704: Inhibition of human METAP2 using Met-Pro-Arg-pNa substrate by para-nitroanilide chromophore release detection assayic505.0000uM
3-phenyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic506.3096uM
7-chloro-3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide1676454: Inhibition of MetAP2 (unknown origin)ic507.9433uM
N-[2-[4-oxo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,5-c][1,5]naphthyridin-7-yl]phenyl]methanesulfonamide1230704: Inhibition of human METAP2 using Met-Pro-Arg-pNa substrate by para-nitroanilide chromophore release detection assayic508.0000uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

108 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidaffects expression, affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases reaction, decreases expression10
Tretinoinincreases reaction, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects expression, affects reaction (+1 more)9
sodium arsenitedecreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression6
bisphenol Adecreases expression, increases methylation5
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, increases expression, increases reaction, decreases reaction4
(+)-JQ1 compounddecreases expression, increases expression4
LDN 193189affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases reaction, decreases reaction3
Arsenicincreases expression, affects methylation, decreases expression, increases abundance3
methylmercuric chloridedecreases expression, increases expression2
trichostatin Aaffects expression, increases expression2
monomethylarsonous acidincreases expression2
Alitretinoindecreases expression, increases expression2
Panobinostataffects cotreatment, increases expression2
Doxorubicindecreases expression, increases expression2
Phenylmercuric Acetateincreases expression, affects cotreatment2
Progesteronedecreases expression, increases expression2
Rotenonedecreases reaction, increases expression, decreases expression, affects cotreatment2
Aflatoxin B1decreases methylation, decreases expression2
aristolochic acid Idecreases expression1
6,7-dimethoxy-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-N-(5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentyl)quinazolin-4-amineincreases expression1
FR900359affects phosphorylation1
aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA)decreases expression1
THJ-018affects expression1
lead acetateincreases expression, decreases reaction1
2,4,5,2’,4’,5’-hexachlorobiphenylincreases expression1
sulforaphaneincreases expression1
bis(2,3,3,3-tetrachloropropyl) etherincreases expression, affects cotreatment1
butyraldehydedecreases expression1
16 alpha-ethyl-21-hydroxy-19-nor-4-pregnene-3,20-dioneincreases expression1
nickel chlorideincreases expression, increases reaction1

ChEMBL screening assays

3 unique, capped per target: 3 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL3586886BindingInhibition of human METAP2 using Met-Pro-Arg-pNa substrate by para-nitroanilide chromophore release detection assayPyridinonaphthyridinone Inhibitors of Type 2 Methionine Aminopeptidase. — ACS Med Chem Lett

Cellosaurus cell lines

3 cell lines: 3 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_D1TIAbcam U-87MG MAP2 KOCancer cell lineMale
CVCL_SW35HAP1 MAP2 (-) 1Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_SW36HAP1 MAP2 (-) 2Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

88 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

TrialPhaseStatusTitle
NCT00069550PHASE3UNKNOWNIndependent Studies of Dextromethorphan and of Donepezil Hydrochloride for Rett Syndrome
NCT00261508PHASE3COMPLETEDA Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of Risperidone Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Children With Autistic Disorder and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD)
NCT03848832PHASE3TERMINATEDEfficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol Oral Solution (GWP42003-P, CBD-OS) in Patients With Rett Syndrome
NCT03941444PHASE3COMPLETEDANAVEX2-73 Study in Patients With Rett Syndrome
NCT04181723PHASE3COMPLETEDStudy of Trofinetide for the Treatment of Girls and Women With Rett Syndrome (LAVENDER™)
NCT04252586PHASE3TERMINATEDA Long-term Safety Study of Cannabidiol Oral Solution (GWP42003-P, CBD-OS) in Patients With Rett Syndrome
NCT04279314PHASE3COMPLETEDOpen-Label Extension Study of Trofinetide for the Treatment of Girls and Women With Rett Syndrome
NCT04776746PHASE3TERMINATEDOpen-Label Extension Study of Trofinetide for Rett Syndrome
NCT05606614PHASE3RECRUITINGA Phase 1/2/3 Study of TSHA-102 Gene Therapy in Females With Rett Syndrome (REVEAL Pivotal Study)
NCT05898620PHASE3RECRUITINGA Novel, Regulated Gene Therapy (NGN-401) Study for Females With Rett Syndrome
NCT06840496PHASE3RECRUITINGTo Investigate the Efficacy of Treatment With Oral NA-921 (Bionetide) Versus Placebo in Females With Rett Syndrome
NCT07480564PHASE3RECRUITINGSafety and Preliminary Efficacy of TSHA-102 Gene Therapy in Pediatric Females Aged >2 to <4 Years With Rett Syndrome
NCT07503444PHASE3NOT_YET_RECRUITINGA Phase 3 Study of Fenfluramine Hydrochloride in Rett Syndrome
NCT00593957PHASE2TERMINATEDTrial of Dextromethorphan in Rett Syndrome
NCT00990691PHASE2COMPLETEDPilot Study of the Effects of the Desipramine on the Neurovegetative Parameters of the Child With Rett Syndrome
NCT01520363PHASE2COMPLETEDPlacebo Controlled Trial of Dextromethorphan in Rett Syndrome
NCT01703533PHASE2COMPLETEDA Safety Study of NNZ-2566 in Patients With Rett Syndrome
NCT01777542PHASE2COMPLETEDTreatment of Rett Syndrome With Recombinant Human IGF-1
NCT01822249PHASE2COMPLETEDPhase 2 Study of EPI-743 for Treatment of Rett Syndrome
NCT02153723PHASE2COMPLETEDPharmacological Treatment of Rett Syndrome With Glatiramer Acetate (Copaxone)
NCT02563860PHASE2COMPLETEDPharmacological Treatment of Rett Syndrome With Statins
NCT02696044PHASE2UNKNOWNTreatment of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rett Syndrome With Triheptanoin
NCT02715115PHASE2COMPLETEDA Safety Study of NNZ-2566 in Pediatric Rett Syndrome
NCT03059160PHASE2UNKNOWNOpen Label Trial of Triheptanoin (UX007) in Treatment of Rett Syndrome.
NCT03633058PHASE2COMPLETEDA Study to Evaluate Ketamine for the Treatment of Rett Syndrome
NCT03758924PHASE2COMPLETEDStudy of ANAVEX2-73 in Patients With Rett Syndrome
NCT04041713PHASE2NOT_YET_RECRUITINGA Pilot Study of an Antioxidant Cocktail vs. Placebo in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Rett Syndrome
NCT05625568PHASE2UNKNOWNStudy of VYNT-0126 in the Treatment of Rett Syndrome in Adult Patients
NCT01253317PHASE1COMPLETEDTreatment of Rett Syndrome With rhIGF-1 (Mecasermin [rDNA]Injection)
NCT02023424PHASE1UNKNOWNAn Open Label, Exploratory Study to Investigate the Treatment Effect of Glatiramer Acetate on Girls Woth Rett Syndrome
NCT02562820PHASE1TERMINATEDAn Exploratory Trial of Ketamine for the Treatment of Rett Syndrome
NCT07150013PHASE1RECRUITINGRett REVOLUTION Trial: An Exploratory Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Vorinostat in Rett Syndrome
NCT02790034PHASE2/PHASE3TERMINATEDEvaluation of the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Sarizotan in Rett Syndrome With Respiratory Symptoms
NCT04304482PHASE2/PHASE3COMPLETEDANAVEX2-73 Study in Pediatric Patients With Rett Syndrome
NCT04988867PHASE2/PHASE3TERMINATEDAn Open-Label Study of Trofinetide for the Treatment of Girls Two to Five Years of Age Who Have Rett Syndrome
NCT06849973PHASE2/PHASE3COMPLETEDTo Study the Efficacy & Safety of Oral NA-921 (Bionetide) in Girls and Women with Rett Syndrome
NCT07257978PHASE2/PHASE3NOT_YET_RECRUITINGEfficacy and Safety of NTI164 in Children and Young Adults With Rett Syndrome
NCT06152237PHASE1/PHASE2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGSafety and Efficacy of TSHA-102 in Pediatric Females With Rett Syndrome (REVEAL Pediatric Study)
NCT06621043PHASE1/PHASE2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGAssessing the Safety and Efficacy of Full-Spectrum Medicinal Cannabis Plant Extract 0.08% THC (NTI164) in the Treatment of Rett Syndrome (RTT)
NCT06199700EARLY_PHASE1COMPLETEDEsketamine for the Treatment of Rett Syndrome
  • Disease cohort memberships (association, not causation — diseases whose associated-gene cohort lists this gene; a subset are also under Associated diseases): Rett syndrome