MB

Summary

MB (myoglobin, HGNC:6915) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 22q12.3, encoding Myoglobin (P02144). Monomeric heme protein which primary function is to store oxygen and facilitate its diffusion within muscle tissues.

This gene encodes a member of the globin superfamily and is predominantly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles. The encoded protein forms a monomeric globular haemoprotein that is primarily responsible for the storage and facilitated transfer of oxygen from the cell membrane to the mitochondria. This protein also plays a role in regulating physiological levels of nitric oxide. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms exist for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 4151 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): myopathy, sarcoplasmic body (Strong, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 9
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 48 total
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 7 tissues, sQTL in 1 (q < 0.05)
• Phenotypes (HPO): 14
• ChEMBL bioactivity: 1 clinical-phase molecule tested; no curated mechanism-of-action drug
• Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.03 (LoF-tolerant), LOEUF 1.03 (unconstrained)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_005368
• Interaction hub: 1,934 STRING partners (top 8% of genes corpus-wide)

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:6915
Approved symbol	MB
Name	myoglobin
Location	22q12.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	PVALB
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000198125
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	160000
Entrez	4151

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 29 — 28 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

MANE Select: ENST00000397326

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 3, TSL 2: 4, TSL 3: 2, TSL 4: 1

ENST00000397326, ENST00000359787, ENST00000397328, ENST00000401702, ENST00000406324, ENST00000419229, ENST00000442617, ENST00000443033, ENST00000447607, ENST00000451685, ENST00000902250, ENST00000902251, ENST00000946177, ENST00000946178, ENST00000946179, ENST00000946180, ENST00000946181, ENST00000946182, ENST00000946183, ENST00000946184, ENST00001015169, ENST00001015170, ENST00001015171, ENST00001015172, ENST00001098334, ENST00001098335, ENST00001098336, ENST00001098337, ENST00001133152

RefSeq mRNA: 9 — MANE Select: NM_005368 NM_001362846, NM_001382809, NM_001382810, NM_001382811, NM_001382812, NM_001382813, NM_005368, NM_203377, NM_203378

CCDS: CCDS13917, CCDS93156

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000397326 — 3 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001106915	35606764	35607443
ENSE00001528215	35617163	35617329
ENSE00003786954	35610884	35611106

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 213 present calls, max score 99.97.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 39.8660 / max 7213.2796, expressed in 337 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): heart right ventricle, gastrocnemius, triceps brachii, cardiac atrium, apex of heart.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

MB is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 7 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 1 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

8 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Small Intestine Terminal Ileum	eqtl	1.9e-04	+1.13	22:35682761:C:G
Testis	sqtl	4.4e-03	+0.49	22:35638018:T:C
Brain Nucleus accumbens basal ganglia	eqtl	1.3e-02	+0.30	22:35605522:T:C
Lung	eqtl	1.7e-02	+0.92	22:35637810:T:C
Adipose Visceral Omentum	eqtl	2.5e-02	+0.69	22:36145400:G:C
Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg	eqtl	2.6e-02	+0.81	22:35435356:C:T
Brain Cortex	eqtl	3.0e-02	+0.36	22:35334092:A:C
Breast Mammary Tissue	eqtl	3.6e-02	+1.17	22:36600793:C:T

FANTOM5 promoters

2 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
193821	37.2052	123
193822	2.6608	313

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 289 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	99.97	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	99.96	gold quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	99.96	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	99.95	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	99.95	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	99.95	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	99.94	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	99.94	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	99.94	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	99.94	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	99.94	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	99.94	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	99.93	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	99.92	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	99.92	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	99.92	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	99.91	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	99.91	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	99.90	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	99.90	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	99.90	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	99.89	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	99.82	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	99.82	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	98.62	gold quality
muscle organ	UBERON:0001630	98.60	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	98.09	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	97.62	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	97.44	gold quality
endometrium epithelium	UBERON:0004811	94.52	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	92.97	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	92.38	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	92.06	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	91.82	gold quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	91.15	gold quality
epithelium of bronchus	UBERON:0002031	91.08	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	90.49	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	90.45	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	89.83	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	88.68	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	88.12	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	87.52	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	84.89	gold quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	84.77	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	84.76	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	84.42	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	83.48	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	83.47	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	83.27	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	83.06	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	83.05	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	83.04	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	82.97	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	82.45	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	82.01	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	81.62	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	81.49	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	81.45	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	81.40	gold quality
sigmoid colon	UBERON:0001159	81.37	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	81.26	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	81.18	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	81.09	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	81.07	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	81.07	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	81.06	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	80.83	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	80.75	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	80.56	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	80.56	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	80.47	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	80.38	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	80.31	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	80.22	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	80.18	gold quality
large intestine	UBERON:0000059	80.16	gold quality
aorta	UBERON:0000947	80.09	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	79.98	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	79.97	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	79.92	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	79.87	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	79.81	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	79.39	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	79.33	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	79.31	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	79.30	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	79.18	gold quality
trachea	UBERON:0003126	79.08	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	78.95	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	78.67	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	78.57	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	78.51	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	78.25	silver quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	78.10	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	78.00	gold quality
coronary artery	UBERON:0001621	77.86	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	77.83	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	77.79	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	77.77	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	77.62	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 4 experiment(s), a significant marker in 4.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-2	yes	12379.12
E-GEOD-125970	yes	16.83
E-MTAB-8410	yes	10.29
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enhanced

showing 60 of 141 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM	Protein (IHC)
Skeletal muscle	tissue	38156.8	high
Tongue	tissue	27139.2
Heart muscle	tissue	10693.1	high
Parathyroid gland	tissue	1992.9	high
Superior colliculi	tissue	968.6
Esophagus	tissue	694.2	not detected
Cerebellum	tissue	539.5	high
Cerebral cortex	tissue	370.6	medium
Somatosensory cortex	tissue	370.6
Occipital cortex	tissue	364.9
Medulla oblongata	tissue	349.9
Retina	tissue	346.2
Thalamus	tissue	330.2
Midbrain	tissue	318.0
Spinal cord	tissue	298.7
Pons	tissue	241.8
Prostate	tissue	200.8	not detected
Motor cortex	tissue	186.0
Retrosplenial and cingulate cortex	tissue	171.5
Temporal cortex	tissue	139.4
Retrosplenial cortex	tissue	133.8
Postcentral gyrus	tissue	132.4
Substantia nigra	tissue	130.9
Hippocampal formation	tissue	130.1
Entorhinal cortex	tissue	130.1
Prefrontal cortex	tissue	109.8
Frontal cortex	tissue	107.0
Insular cortex	tissue	83.2
Kidney	tissue	76.3	high
Putamen	tissue	67.7
Caudate putamen	tissue	56.3
Periaqueductal gray	tissue	42.5
Breast	tissue	40.7	not detected
Ventral forebrain	tissue	38.5
Locus coeruleus	tissue	38.1
Salivary gland	tissue	33.3	not detected
Corpus callosum	tissue	26.3
Pancreas	tissue	25.3	not detected
Fallopian tube	tissue	17.5	not detected
Septum	tissue	17.2
Parathyroid gland	tissue	15.1	not detected
Breast	tissue	14.1	not detected
Colon	tissue	13.7	not detected
Skeletal muscle	tissue	12.7	not detected
Basal ganglia	tissue	12.5	not detected
Amygdala	tissue	12.2
Rectum	tissue	12.0	not detected
Olfactory bulb	tissue	11.9
Hypothalamus	tissue	11.1
Small intestine	tissue	10.4	not detected
Pituitary gland	tissue	10.2
Thyroid gland	tissue	7.6	not detected
Hippocampus	tissue	5.8	not detected
Liver	tissue	5.3	not detected
Lymph node	tissue	5.0	not detected
Nucleus accumbens	tissue	4.9
Choroid plexus	tissue	4.8
Vagina	tissue	4.4	not detected
Testis	tissue	4.2	not detected
Gallbladder	tissue	3.8	not detected

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 373; highest nTPM — Lateral geniculate body (576.6), Cerebellar cortex (524.6), Cerebellar nuclei (466.0), Ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus (463.0), Pulvinar (439.0).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CTCF, ESR1, MEF2A, MYOD1, SP1, TBP, TCF3

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting MB by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

18 miRNAs:

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5193	100.00	67.26	1744
HSA-MIR-7110-3P	100.00	73.18	2486
HSA-MIR-6756-5P	99.82	67.97	2466
HSA-MIR-6764-5P	99.75	67.89	2304
HSA-MIR-6766-5P	99.68	67.70	2325
HSA-MIR-3934-5P	99.67	64.04	846
HSA-MIR-657	99.48	66.02	848
HSA-MIR-6513-5P	99.43	67.81	1071
HSA-MIR-488-5P	99.28	68.12	821
HSA-MIR-6071	99.16	67.77	1780
HSA-MIR-5572	98.55	65.84	970
HSA-MIR-5089-5P	98.45	66.06	1388
HSA-MIR-6855-5P	97.51	66.03	830
HSA-MIR-6890-3P	97.50	65.71	997
HSA-MIR-5089-3P	97.50	67.82	758
HSA-MIR-6762-5P	96.55	64.62	972
HSA-MIR-6845-5P	96.55	64.65	969
HSA-MIR-3170	95.84	64.32	721

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 0.0265, LOEUF 1.03, missense Z 0.905 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000397326 — one region, missense o/e 0.88.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Screening of exon 2 of the myoglobin gene in high altitude Tibetans does not show novel polymorphism or selection for specific myoglobin alleles as a function of altitude of residence or hypoxic challenge. (PMID:12006163)
• myoglobin/carbonic anhydrase III ratio in the blood proved to be a more specific indicator for myocardial damage than myoglobin alone after myocardial infarction. (PMID:12745799)
• It was concluded that myoglobin levels on admission and TnT at 2 h had the greatest diagnostic rate for myocardial infarction. (PMID:12760310)
• Oxidative stress associated with myoglobin expression specifically in mitochondrial diseases. (PMID:14506721)
• determination of myoglobin concentration and succinate dehydrogenase activity in serial sections indicate that myoglobin can lead to a substantial reduction (18-60%) of the extracellular oxygen tension required to prevent an anoxic core in muscle cells (PMID:15048578)
• Quantitative test is useful for early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarct and as an indicator of its severity. (PMID:15226628)
• Binding to blood fatty acid binding protein and may be a marker for cardiac damage in hemodialysis patients. (PMID:15226631)
• heme rotates about the alpha-gamma axis of human myoglobin without leaving the protein cage (PMID:15485667)
• energy analysis of myoglobin recognition of oxygen (PMID:15601759)
• S-nitroso oxymyoglobin stores vasoactive nitric oxide (PMID:15644316)
• iron mobilization and myoglobin down-modulation are elicited by enhanced erythropoiesis from elevated iron (PMID:17311997)
• Data show plasma MG may be considered as a novel marker of muscle mass indicating best the mass of MG-rich type 1 and 2a fibers as well as VO(2)max as an important functional readout. (PMID:17605115)
• analysis of covalent modification, unfolding, and aggregation of human holo-myoglobin induced by tyrosinase-generated quinones (PMID:17883274)
• In this study, we showed for the first time the connection of ROR2 in Dupuytren’s disease. ROR2 and myoglobin may play an important role in the pathophysiology of this disease (PMID:17996904)
• Hypoxia reprograms calcium signaling and regulates myoglobin expression. (PMID:19005161)
• The Dimension Vista cTnI, CK-MB, MYO, NTproBNP, and hsCRP methods demonstrate acceptable performance characteristics for use as an aid in the diagnosis and risk assessment of patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndromes. (PMID:19523464)
• myoglobin is expressed at high levels by human carcinoma cells (PMID:19541931)
• Exposure of vascular smooth muscle (either in cell culture or intact vessels) to pathological nitric oxide (*NO) promotes an up-regulation of the Mb gene and protein, suggesting a feedback relationship between *NO and Mb. (PMID:19650765)
• Using a cardiovascular model suggest that myoglobin oxygen storage/transport becomes significant during systolic reduction of coronary blood flow rather than during diastole. (PMID:20124401)
• 71% of tumours displayed Mb protein expression in significant correlation with a positive hormone receptor status and better prognosis. (PMID:20531416)
• Water entry into the heme pockets of isolated hemoglobin subunits was detected by optical methods. (PMID:20668762)
• Kinetics of interaction between apomyoglobin and phospholipid membrane (PMID:20873231)
• These results show that glutathione reduces hydrogen peroxide-induced protein decomposition due to reduction of the C110-thiyl radical in WTwild type human Mb by electron transfer. (PMID:21256983)
• overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with histological subtype and hypoxia (PMID:21601304)
• Apomyoglobin mutants with point mutations at val10 forms amyloid structures at permissive temperature. (PMID:21639835)
• may have potential significance in the prognostication of lung adenocarcinomas (PMID:21640426)
• MD simulations supported NMR results indicating interesting structural/dynamical differences in the average volume and occurrence of the main cavities lining Mb prosthetic group. (PMID:21782983)
• The mitochondrion-impairing role of MB in hypoxic cancer cells is part of a novel tumor-suppressive function. (PMID:21930697)
• Our LFIA performance was additionally compared with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLI) detection for simultaneous determination of hs-cTnI and myoglobin in patients with suggestive of acute myocardial infarction . (PMID:23247055)
• Hydrophobic effect drives oxygen uptake in myoglobin via histidine E7. (PMID:23297402)
• Misfolding and amyloid aggregation of apomyoglobin. (PMID:23839096)
• Blood myoglobin could serve as a valuable early predictor and marker of rhabdomyolysis and acute myoglobinuric kidney injury (PMID:23931877)
• the novel cancer-associated MB splice variants exhibited increased expression in tumor cells subjected to experimental hypoxia; the novel gene regulatory mechanisms unveiled in this study support the idea of a non-canonical role of MB during carcinogenesis (PMID:24026678)
• High myoglobin expression is associated with renal cell carcinoma. (PMID:24076247)
• Findings indicate that myoglobin (Mb) and neuroglobin (Ngb) can be expressed in nonmuscle and non-neural contexts. (PMID:24446190)
• A non-ischemic serum myoglobin release is rare, but could be associated in subgroups of patients. (PMID:25002394)
• Analogous to breast cancer, MB expression in prostate cancer is associated with steroid hormone signaling and markers of hypoxia (PMID:25172328)
• Data show that chimeric neuroglobin and myoglobin were generated by swapping a regulatory segment. (PMID:25452214)
• Data show that with the myoglobin (MYO) monoclonal antibody of high specificity and affinity, a one-step sandwich ELISA for detecting MYO has been established successfully, which provides a basis for the development of domestic ELISA kit. (PMID:26271987)
• analysis of myoglobin gene regulatory networks in breast and prostate cancer (PMID:26559958)

Cross-species orthologs

6 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	mb	ENSDARG00000031952
mus_musculus	Mb	ENSMUSG00000018893
rattus_norvegicus	Mb	ENSRNOG00000004583
drosophila_melanogaster	glob1	FBGN0027657
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00008996
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00077763

Paralogs (11): HBQ1 (ENSG00000086506), HBZ (ENSG00000130656), CYGB (ENSG00000161544), HBA2 (ENSG00000188536), HBG2 (ENSG00000196565), HBA1 (ENSG00000206172), HBM (ENSG00000206177), HBE1 (ENSG00000213931), HBG1 (ENSG00000213934), HBD (ENSG00000223609), HBB (ENSG00000244734)

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:96922) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 28 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)	Records
hypoxia	3
abnormal soleus morphology	2
increased capillary density	2
abnormal heart morphology	1
abnormal locomotor behavior	1
abnormal oxygen level	1
abnormal vasculogenesis	1
cardiac hypertrophy	1
decreased embryo size	1
edema	1
hemorrhage	1
increased hematocrit	1
heart left ventricle hypertrophy	1
thin myocardium	1
increased coronary flow rate	1
increased muscle fatigability	1
abnormal nitric oxide homeostasis	1
embryonic growth retardation	1
abnormal metabolism	1
pericardial effusion	1
abnormal myocardium layer morphology	1
increased hemoglobin content	1
decreased heart ventricle muscle contractility	1
increased angiogenesis	1
congestive heart failure	1

+3 more (showing top 25).

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

Organism	UniProt	Identity	Method
Rangifer tarandus	C0HJR0	100.0%	Diamond
Meleagris gallopavo	G1NJB6	100.0%	Diamond
Eschrichtius robustus	P02177	100.0%	Diamond
Mesoplodon carlhubbsi	P02183	100.0%	Diamond
Kogia sima	P02184	100.0%	Diamond
Ovis aries	P02190	100.0%	Diamond
Bos taurus	P02192	100.0%	Diamond
Gallus gallus	P02197	100.0%	Diamond
Hylobates agilis	P62734	100.0%	Diamond
Symphalangus syndactylus	P62735	100.0%	Diamond
Canis lupus familiaris	P63113	100.0%	Diamond
Otocyon megalotis	P63114	100.0%	Diamond
Phoca vitulina	P68080	100.0%	Diamond
Halichoerus grypus	P68081	100.0%	Diamond
Equus caballus	P68082	100.0%	Diamond
Equus quagga burchellii	P68083	100.0%	Diamond
Papio anubis	P68084	100.0%	Diamond
Semnopithecus entellus	P68085	100.0%	Diamond
Erythrocebus patas	P68086	100.0%	Diamond
Thunnus thynnus	P68189	100.0%	Diamond
Thunnus orientalis	P68190	100.0%	Diamond
Delphinus delphis	P68276	100.0%	Diamond
Phocoenoides dalli dalli	P68277	100.0%	Diamond
Phocoena phocoena	P68278	100.0%	Diamond
Tursiops truncatus	P68279	100.0%	Diamond
Bison bison	P86873	100.0%	Diamond
Mesoplodon stejnegeri	Q0KIY0	100.0%	Diamond
Balaenoptera borealis	Q0KIY1	100.0%	Diamond
Balaenoptera edeni	Q0KIY2	100.0%	Diamond
Kogia breviceps	Q0KIY5	100.0%	Diamond
Stenella attenuata	Q0KIY7	100.0%	Diamond
Bos grunniens	Q2MJN4	100.0%	Diamond
Thunnus obesus	Q76G09	100.0%	Diamond
Pan troglodytes	P02145	99.4%	Diamond
Gorilla beringei	P02147	99.4%	Diamond
Pongo pygmaeus	P02148	99.4%	Diamond
Macaca fascicularis	P02150	99.4%	Diamond
Aotus trivirgatus	P02151	99.4%	Diamond
Callithrix jacchus	P02152	99.4%	Diamond
Lycaon pictus	P02159	99.4%	Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
RASD2	protein-coding	23551
APOL6	protein-coding	80830
MCM5	protein-coding	4174
APOL5	protein-coding	80831

Protein

Protein identifiers

Myoglobin — P02144 (reviewed: P02144)

Alternative names: Nitrite reductase MB, Pseudoperoxidase MB

All UniProt accessions (7): A0A1K0FU49, B0QYF7, B0QYF8, P02144, F2Z2F1, F2Z337, Q8WVH6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Monomeric heme protein which primary function is to store oxygen and facilitate its diffusion within muscle tissues. Reversibly binds oxygen through a pentacoordinated heme iron and enables its timely and efficient release as needed during periods of heightened demand. Depending on the oxidative conditions of tissues and cells, and in addition to its ability to bind oxygen, it also has a nitrite reductase activity whereby it regulates the production of bioactive nitric oxide. Under stress conditions, like hypoxia and anoxia, it also protects cells against reactive oxygen species thanks to its pseudoperoxidase activity.

Subunit / interactions. Monomeric.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Sarcoplasm.

Disease relevance. Myopathy, sarcoplasmic body (MYOSB) [MIM:620286] An autosomal dominant, slowly progressive muscle disorder manifesting in adulthood with proximal and axial weakness that progresses to involve distal muscles. Patients may lose ambulation after a long disease course, and some individuals develop respiratory or cardiac symptoms. Muscle pathology features include sarcoplasmic bodies in skeletal and cardiac muscles. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the globin family.

RefSeq proteins (9): NP_001349775, NP_001369738, NP_001369739, NP_001369740, NP_001369741, NP_001369742, NP_005359, NP_976311, NP_976312 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000971	Globin	Domain
IPR002335	Myoglobin	Family
IPR009050	Globin-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00042

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea)

• H2O2 + AH2 = A + 2 H2O (RHEA:30275)
• Fe(III)-heme b-[protein] + nitric oxide + H2O = Fe(II)-heme b-[protein] + nitrite + 2 H(+) (RHEA:77711)

UniProt features (27 total): helix 10, sequence variant 5, binding site 3, sequence conflict 2, turn 2, modified residue 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, domain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures by resolution:

PDB	Title	Method	Resolution (Å)
3RGK	Crystal Structure of Human Myoglobin Mutant K45R	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.65

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P02144-F1	97.26	0.98

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Predicted intracellular proteins

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): nucleoplasm; cell junctions; nucleoli

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH enhanced · IF approved

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (3)

Position	Role
65	nitrite
65	O2
94	heme b

Post-translational modifications (2)

Type	Positions
Phosphoserine	4
Phosphothreonine	68

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 curated (TAS) of 2; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

2 pathways:

ID	Pathway	Evidence
R-HSA-8981607	Intracellular oxygen transport	curated
R-HSA-382551	Transport of small molecules	—

MSigDB gene sets: 304 (showing top): BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_30MIN_DN, GOBP_MYELOID_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, MODULE_93, AP1_01, GOBP_MYELOID_CELL_HOMEOSTASIS, MODULE_151, BHATI_G2M_ARREST_BY_2METHOXYESTRADIOL_DN, GOBP_ERYTHROCYTE_HOMEOSTASIS, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GOBP_SUPEROXIDE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISMAL_MOVEMENT, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_CONTAINING_COMPOUND, GOBP_SKELETAL_MUSCLE_CONTRACTION, CAGCTG_AP4_Q5

GO Biological Process (3): skeletal muscle contraction (GO:0003009), oxygen transport (GO:0015671), removal of superoxide radicals (GO:0019430)

GO Molecular Function (8): peroxidase activity (GO:0004601), oxygen carrier activity (GO:0005344), oxygen binding (GO:0019825), heme binding (GO:0020037), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), nitrite reductase activity (GO:0098809), protein binding (GO:0005515), oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491)

GO Cellular Component (3): cytosol (GO:0005829), sarcoplasm (GO:0016528), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)

Reactome top-level categories

1 top-level categories:

Category	Pathways
Transport of small molecules	1

GO top-level categories

20 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
cytoplasm	2
striated muscle contraction	1
musculoskeletal movement	1
gas transport	1
superoxide metabolic process	1
cellular response to superoxide	1
cellular oxidant detoxification	1
antioxidant activity	1
oxidoreductase activity, acting on peroxide as acceptor	1
oxygen transport	1
oxygen binding	1
molecular carrier activity	1
small molecule binding	1
tetrapyrrole binding	1
cation binding	1
oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
extracellular vesicle	1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 6 of 14 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

6 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO term	NS	Evidence
removal of superoxide radicals	BP	direct assay
extracellular exosome	CC	high-throughput assay
sarcoplasm	CC	direct assay
nitrite reductase activity	MF	direct assay
oxygen carrier activity	MF	mutant phenotype
peroxidase activity	MF	direct assay

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 1,934 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
MB	NGB	Q9NPG2	956
MB	CKM	P06732	945
MB	CKB	P12277	945
MB	CKMT1B	P12532	945
MB	CKMT2	P17540	945
MB	LALBA	P00709	834
MB	CYCS	P00001	817
MB	TG	P01266	813
MB	ALB	P02768	806
MB	TNNI3	P19429	798
MB	PIK3C2A	O00443	753
MB	CRP	P02741	750
MB	ADGB	Q8N7X0	715
MB	MT-CYB	P00156	698
MB	HPX	P02790	685

IntAct

Human interaction partners of MB in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

5 partners by confidence:

Partner	Interaction type	MIscore	Records
CORT	association	0.560	2
ANK1	physical association	0.400	2
HSPB2	physical association	0.370	1
MAML2	association	0.350	1
RGS2	association	0.350	1

BioGRID (20 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): ANK1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), CORT (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), APP (Reconstituted Complex), ATP11A (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), CCDC174 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), CHD3 (Affinity Capture-MS), CHD4 (Affinity Capture-MS), GOT2 (Co-fractionation), HSPB2 (Two-hybrid), KIF21A (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), LYPLAL1 (Co-fractionation), MAML2 (Affinity Capture-MS), NQO1 (Co-fractionation), PEBP1 (Co-fractionation), PSMD4 (Affinity Capture-MS)

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for MB: 48 ClinVar records (0 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 9 GWAS associations.

ClinVar

48 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	37
Likely benign	2
Benign	5

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 35 predictions of 489):

Position(s)	Effect	Δscore	Sites
22:35607445	acceptor_loss	1.0000
22:35610882–35610883	donor_loss	1.0000	5
22:35617161–35617162	donor_loss	1.0000	5
22:36813644–36813645	donor_loss	1.0000	5
22:36813667	donor_gain	1.0000
22:36815101–36815102	donor_loss	1.0000	3
22:36815236–36815237	acceptor_loss	1.0000	5
22:36815238	acceptor_gain	1.0000
22:35607444–35607445	acceptor_loss	0.9900	3
22:35611107–35611108	acceptor_loss	0.9900	6

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Cancer enriched (Kidney Chromophobe)

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

4 prognostic cancer types:

Cancer	Prognostic	p-value
Kidney Chromophobe (TCGA)	unfavorable	5.94e-05
Breast Invasive Carcinoma (validation)	unfavorable	0.00027
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (validation)	unfavorable	0.000543
Thyroid Carcinoma (TCGA)	unfavorable	0.00056

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:160000 | disease phenotypes: MIM:620286

GenCC curated gene-disease

1 curated gene-disease records:

Disease	Classification	Inheritance	Records
myopathy, sarcoplasmic body	Strong	Autosomal dominant	2

Mondo (2): colorectal carcinoma (MONDO:0024331), myopathy, sarcoplasmic body (MONDO:0859530)

HPO phenotypes

14 phenotypes (HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000006	Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0002015	Dysphagia
HP:0002747	Respiratory insufficiency due to muscle weakness
HP:0003202	Skeletal muscle atrophy
HP:0003236	Elevated circulating creatine kinase activity
HP:0003327	Axial muscle weakness
HP:0003557	Increased variability in muscle fiber diameter
HP:0003581	Adult onset
HP:0003687	Centrally nucleated skeletal muscle fibers
HP:0003803	Type 1 muscle fiber predominance
HP:0008994	Proximal lower limb muscle weakness
HP:0009005	Weakness of the intrinsic hand muscles
HP:0030319	Weakness of facial musculature
HP:0034722	Sarcoplasmic bodies

GWAS associations

9 associations:

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST010173_13	Triglyceride levels	2e-8
GCST009378_27	Bone mineral content	5e-8
GCST009378_18	Bone mineral content	2e-7
GCST009378_29	Bone mineral content	3e-7
GCST007732_10	Allergic disease (asthma, hay fever or eczema)	4e-7
GCST005958_5	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (age >50)	1e-6
GCST001477_2	Sexual dysfunction (female)	2e-6
GCST001762_819	Obesity-related traits	2e-6
GCST005962_58	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI x sex x age interaction (4df test)	6e-6

EFO canonical traits (from GWAS)

6 canonical traits:

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004714	sexual dysfunction
EFO:0007788	BMI-adjusted waist-hip ratio
EFO:0008007	age at assessment
EFO:0008343	sex interaction measurement
EFO:0007621	bone mineral content measurement
EFO:0004530	triglyceride measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL2406892 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

Phase ≥1, by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 159,007 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

1 molecules by phase:

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL112	ACETAMINOPHEN	4	159,007

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

3 measured of 4 human assays (4 total across all organisms); most potent 3 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value
CHEMBL2407813	IC50	1200 nM
CHEMBL2407811	IC50	2300 nM
CHEMBL2407812	IC50	5300 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

4 potent at pChembl≥5 of 4 total, top 4 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
5.92	IC50	1200	nM	CHEMBL2407813
5.64	IC50	2300	nM	CHEMBL2407811
5.64	IC50	2300	nM	ACETAMINOPHEN
5.28	IC50	5300	nM	CHEMBL2407812

PubChem BioAssay actives

4 with measured affinity, of 4 total; 4 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one	760171: Inhibition of myoglobin (unknown origin)-mediated arachidonic acid oxidation using [14C]AA as substrate after 3 hrs by GC/NICI/MS analysis	ic50	1.2000	uM
Acetaminophen	760171: Inhibition of myoglobin (unknown origin)-mediated arachidonic acid oxidation using [14C]AA as substrate after 3 hrs by GC/NICI/MS analysis	ic50	2.3000	uM
6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one	760171: Inhibition of myoglobin (unknown origin)-mediated arachidonic acid oxidation using [14C]AA as substrate after 3 hrs by GC/NICI/MS analysis	ic50	2.3000	uM
6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d][1,3]oxazin-2-one	760171: Inhibition of myoglobin (unknown origin)-mediated arachidonic acid oxidation using [14C]AA as substrate after 3 hrs by GC/NICI/MS analysis	ic50	5.3000	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

42 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression, decreases expression	4
bisphenol A	decreases expression, increases expression	2
sodium arsenite	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
entinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases methylation, increases methylation	2
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	2
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	2
Lipopolysaccharides	decreases reaction, increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Nickel	decreases expression	2
Valproic Acid	decreases expression	2
methyleugenol	decreases expression	1
cumene hydroperoxide	affects metabolic processing	1
sulforaphane	decreases expression	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	increases expression	1
benzo(e)pyrene	increases methylation	1
cerous chloride	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
lanthanum chloride	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
aflatoxin B2	increases methylation	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
erastin	increases expression, increases reaction, increases response to substance	1
dorsomorphin	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
methyl 4-tolylsulfide	affects metabolic processing	1
2-(2’-(5-ethyl-3,4-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)biphenyl-3-yloxy)acetic acid	decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases cleavage, increases expression	1
Sunitinib	decreases expression	1
Atrazine	increases expression	1
Copper	decreases expression	1
Doxycycline	increases expression, increases reaction, decreases reaction, decreases expression, increases response to substance	1

ChEMBL screening assays

1 unique, capped per target: 1 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL2411426	Binding	Inhibition of myoglobin (unknown origin)-mediated arachidonic acid oxidation using [14C]AA as substrate after 3 hrs by GC/NICI/MS analysis	Rational Design of Novel Pyridinol-Fused Ring Acetaminophen Analogues. — *ACS Med Chem Lett*

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 embryonic stem cell

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_C9JQ	WAe001-A-1S	Embryonic stem cell	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

showing 60 of 300 trials:

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00114829	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Preoperative Assessment of Colon Tumor
NCT00114842	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Magnetic Resonance (MR) Colonography With Fecal Tagging
NCT00114946	Phase 4	TERMINATED	A Study to Compare Two Avastin-Based Treatment Regimens for the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT00122720	Phase 4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Darbepoetin Upon Rehabilitation for Colorectal Cancer Surgery
NCT00129870	Phase 4	TERMINATED	CONCEPT: Comparison of Oxaliplatin vs Conventional Methods With Calcium/Magnesium in First-Line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT00138060	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Toxicity/Benefit Ratio Optimization of Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Patients by Determination of Individual Genotypic Determinants
NCT00216424	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Capecitabine (Xeloda) and Radiation for Patients With Rectosigmoid Carcinoma
NCT00327093	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Elaboration of a Model for Predicting Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibodies (Cetuximab and Bevacizumab) in Patients With Colorectal Cancer and Liver Metastases
NCT00332943	Phase 4	COMPLETED	MR Colonography With Fecal Tagging. Barium vs. BariumFerumoxsil
NCT00441311	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Dissemination of Colorectal Cancer Screening to Primary Care Physicians
NCT00460837	Phase 4	WITHDRAWN	Comparison of Bowel Preparation in Virtual Colonoscopy (VC) - Patient Experience
NCT00473980	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Preoperative Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs(NSAID) to Colorectal Cancer Patients
NCT00488904	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Postoperative Complications After Colorectal Surgery
NCT00496678	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Trial of Patient Navigation-Activation
NCT00502671	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Study of Xeloda (Capecitabine) as Adjuvant Monotherapy in Patients With Colon Cancer.
NCT00559676	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Study of Biomarkers in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT00577031	Phase 4	COMPLETED	OBELIX Study: A Study of Avastin (Bevacizumab) in Combination With XELOX in Patients With Metastatic Cancer of the Colon or Rectum.
NCT00626054	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Two Methods of Administration of a PEG Solution
NCT00812864	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Pharmacokinetic Study of Capecitabine in Elderly Cancer Patient (≥ 75 Years)
NCT00868569	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Transhepatic Arterial Chemotherapy (TAC) Versus Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) Plus Folfox4 as the Treatment of Unresectable Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer
NCT00868816	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Oxaliplatine Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage II/III Colorectal Cancer: 8 Cycles Versus 12 Cycles
NCT00874406	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Preoperative Transhepatic Arterial Chemotherapy (TAC) in the Treatment of Liver Metastasis of Resectable Colorectal Cancer
NCT00928928	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Oxidative Stress Markers in Open and Laparoscopic Colectomy for Cancer
NCT00942461	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Inflammatory Response in Laparoscopic and Open Colectomy
NCT01023633	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	OPTIMOX1 in Chinese mCRC Patients
NCT01175317	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Improvement of Fluid Balance in Patients Undergoing Surgery of the Colon and Rectum
NCT01271582	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Investigation of Association Between UGT1A1 Polymorphisms and Irinotecan Toxicity in Korean Patients
NCT01315990	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	FOLFIRI in Combination With Cetuximab in the First-line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Including a Regular Dermal Prophylaxis to Prevent Acneiforme Follicular Exanthema
NCT01493713	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Correlation Between RECIST, Morphologic Response by CT- Histopathologic Response in Hepatic Metastasis Secondary to Colorectal Cancer
NCT01609660	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Impact of Probiotics on the Intestinal Microbiota
NCT01641458	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Pharmacology-driven Dosing of Fluoropyrimidines in Cancer Patients
NCT01689792	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Multi-centre Study Comparing the Polyp Detection Rate of Two Different Types of Bowel Preparation: a 2-litre Solution (MOVIPREP®) Versus a Hyperosmotic and Stimulant Combined Low Volume Bowel Preparation (Sodium Picosulfate and Magnesium Citrate)
NCT01695772	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Study of Bevacizumab Plus 5-Flurouracil (5-FU) Based Doublet Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Participants With Previously Untreated Unresectable Liver-Only Metastases From Colorectal Cancer
NCT01695863	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Patient Satisfaction of Miralax and Gatorade Versus Movi Prep
NCT01706822	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Radial Reload Laparoscopic LAR Case Series
NCT01740947	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Does Administration of Antibiotics in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Colorectal Cancer Result in Less Complications and Better Prognosis?
NCT01831310	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Nutrition for Colorectal Cancer Patients and Neutrophil Functions
NCT01841294	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	NK Activity Modulation Induced by Intravenous Lidocaine During Colorectal Laparoscopic Surgery
NCT01959061	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Efficacy and Safety of Raltitrexed-based Transarterial Chemoembolisation(TACE)for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases
NCT02032953	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Enhancing the Anabolic Effect of Perioperative Nutrition With Insulin While Maintaining Normoglycemia
NCT02243735	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Trial Comparing Ferric(III)Carboxymaltose Infusion With Oral Iron Suppletion as Treatment of Anaemia
NCT02567331	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Study of Capecitabine (Xeloda) in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT02575378	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Maintenance Treatment With Capecitabine Metronomic Chemotherapy and Chinese Traditional Medicine in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT02581423	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Study of Capecitabine (Xeloda) in the Adjuvant Treatment of Participants With Resected Colon Cancer
NCT02582970	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Study of Bevacizumab (Avastin) in Combination With Chemotherapy in Participants With Metastatic Cancer of the Colon or Rectum
NCT03084809	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Chemotherapy Combined With CIK Treating Colon Cancer
NCT03130634	Phase 4	COMPLETED	The Efficacy of Silymarin as Adjuvant Therapy on Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing FOLFIRI Treatment
NCT03298945	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Comparative Effectiveness of Split-Dose Colonoscopy Bowel Preparation Regimens
NCT03465202	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Association of Capecitabine Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity With Aging
NCT03564938	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Regorafenib in Indian Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC).
NCT03700411	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Influence of Opioid Analgesia on Circulating Tumor Cells in Open Colorectal Cancer Surgery
NCT03700541	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Influence of Opioid Analgesia on Circulating Tumor Cells in Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Surgery
NCT03723447	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Intraoperative TAP Block With Bupivacaine/Dexamethasone Against Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel®)
NCT04074460	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Volatile Anaesthesia and Perioperative Outcomes Related to Cancer Feasibility Study
NCT04281667	Phase 4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Mechanical Bowel Preparation and Oral Antibiotics Versus Mechanical Bowel Preparation Only Prior Rectal Surgery
NCT04297423	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Two Low Volume Regimens for Colorectal Cancer Screening Colonoscopy
NCT04874207	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Treatment PERSOnalization Based on Its Therapeutic Monitoring in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated With REgorafenib
NCT04874883	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Effect of the Use of Symbiotics in Patients With Colon Cancer
NCT04973007	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Comparison of Contrast Agents in Liver Magnetic Resonance (MR) for the Detection of Hepatic Metastases
NCT05661357	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Disitamab Vedotin Combined With Fruquintinib for mCRC With HER2 Expression

Predicted chemistry — Sugi Predict

The predicted patent-compound landscape for MB across ~30M SureChEMBL compounds — explore on Sugi Predict.