MED11

gene
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Also known as HSPC296MGC88387

Summary

MED11 (mediator complex subunit 11, HGNC:32687) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17p13.2, encoding Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 11 (Q9P086). Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. It is a common-essential gene (DepMap: required in 100.0% of cancer cell lines).

MED11 is a component of the Mediator complex, which is a coactivator for DNA-binding factors that activate transcription via RNA polymerase II (Sato et al., 2003 [PubMed 12584197]).

Source: NCBI Gene 400569 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Gene–disease (curated): neurodegeneration with developmental delay, early respiratory failure, myoclonic seizures, and brain abnormalities (Strong, GenCC)
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 23 total — 1 pathogenic
  • Phenotypes (HPO): 27
  • Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 100.0% of screened cell lines (common-essential)
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_001001683

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:32687
Approved symbolMED11
Namemediator complex subunit 11
Location17p13.2
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesHSPC296, MGC88387
Ensembl geneENSG00000161920
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM612383
Entrez400569

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 5 — 5 protein_coding

ENST00000293777, ENST00000573708, ENST00000575284, ENST00000674339, ENST00000886211

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_001001683 NM_001001683, NM_001305000

CCDS: CCDS32533, CCDS76920

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000293777 — 3 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE0000106136647314284731574
ENSE0000106136747317764731906
ENSE0000123128347330504733607

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 257 present calls, max score 93.15.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 12.2581 / max 162.6621, expressed in 1785 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
15892712.25811785

Top tissues by expression

261 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
right adrenal glandUBERON:000123393.15gold quality
right adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582792.87gold quality
left adrenal glandUBERON:000123492.35gold quality
left adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582592.18gold quality
upper arm skinUBERON:000426392.07gold quality
adrenal cortexUBERON:000123592.02gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009491.76gold quality
apex of heartUBERON:000209891.66gold quality
left ventricle myocardiumUBERON:000656691.54gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonadCL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:000099191.51gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atriumUBERON:000337991.37silver quality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499190.98gold quality
kidney epitheliumUBERON:000481990.96gold quality
deltoidUBERON:000147690.93gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cordUBERON:000646990.81gold quality
adrenal glandUBERON:000236990.59gold quality
ileal mucosaUBERON:000033190.57gold quality
body of stomachUBERON:000116190.55gold quality
gastrocnemiusUBERON:000138890.41gold quality
spleenUBERON:000210690.37gold quality
myocardiumUBERON:000234990.35gold quality
muscle of legUBERON:000138390.18gold quality
right lobe of liverUBERON:000111490.10gold quality
adult mammalian kidneyUBERON:000008290.08gold quality
spinal cordUBERON:000224090.05gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscleUBERON:000425289.99gold quality
tibialis anteriorUBERON:000138589.87gold quality
bloodUBERON:000017889.84gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047389.44gold quality
oocyteCL:000002389.35gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes8.96

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

17 targeting MED11, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4795-3P100.0074.624024
HSA-MIR-126-5P100.0072.713180
HSA-MIR-318599.9968.121959
HSA-MIR-6845-3P99.9466.881439
HSA-MIR-3140-3P99.8868.472069
HSA-MIR-137-3P99.8774.742401
HSA-MIR-391599.4568.491905
HSA-MIR-504-3P99.3067.181745
HSA-MIR-5584-3P99.2368.791351
HSA-MIR-4795-5P99.1166.90876
HSA-MIR-6895-3P98.7965.69996
HSA-MIR-92A-1-5P98.2864.51631
HSA-MIR-6787-3P97.7566.171233
HSA-MIR-6841-5P97.1967.29409
HSA-MIR-390796.7665.04662
HSA-MIR-570494.8267.46448
HSA-MIR-473488.2863.4487

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 100.0% of screened cell lines, common-essential.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

  • A homozygous MED11 C-terminal variant causes a lethal neurodegenerative disease. (PMID:36001086)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriomed11ENSDARG00000086416
mus_musculusMed11ENSMUSG00000018923
rattus_norvegicusMed11ENSRNOG00000019384
drosophila_melanogasterMED11FBGN0036811
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00007015

Protein

Protein identifiers

Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 11Q9P086 (reviewed: Q9P086)

Alternative names: Mediator complex subunit 11

All UniProt accessions (4): A0A6I8PLG6, Q9P086, I3L2Q0, I3L3E8

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional pre-initiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors.

Subunit / interactions. Component of the Mediator complex, which is composed of MED1, MED4, MED6, MED7, MED8, MED9, MED10, MED11, MED12, MED13, MED13L, MED14, MED15, MED16, MED17, MED18, MED19, MED20, MED21, MED22, MED23, MED24, MED25, MED26, MED27, MED29, MED30, MED31, CCNC, CDK8 and CDC2L6/CDK11. The MED12, MED13, CCNC and CDK8 subunits form a distinct module termed the CDK8 module. Mediator containing the CDK8 module is less active than Mediator lacking this module in supporting transcriptional activation. Individual preparations of the Mediator complex lacking one or more distinct subunits have been variously termed ARC, CRSP, DRIP, PC2, SMCC and TRAP.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Disease relevance. Neurodegeneration with developmental delay, early respiratory failure, myoclonic seizures, and brain abnormalities (NDDRSB) [MIM:620327] An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital microcephaly, profound global developmental delay, exaggerated startle response, refractory myoclonic seizures, progressive widespread neurodegeneration, and premature death. The disease may be caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 11 family.

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001001683, NP_001291929 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR019404Mediator_Med11Family

Pfam: PF10280

UniProt features (9 total): helix 3, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, modified residue 1, sequence variant 1, sequence conflict 1, strand 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

11 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
7EMFELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.5
8TRHELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.7
7ENAELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.07
7ENCELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.13
8GXSELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.16
7ENJELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.4
7NVRELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.5
8T9DELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.66
7LBMELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.8
8GXQELECTRON MICROSCOPY5.04
8TQWELECTRON MICROSCOPY8.2

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9P086-F187.780.68

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 2

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

12 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-1989781PPARA activates gene expression
R-HSA-381340Transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation
R-HSA-9833110RSV-host interactions
R-HSA-1266738Developmental Biology
R-HSA-1430728Metabolism
R-HSA-1643685Disease
R-HSA-400206Regulation of lipid metabolism by PPARalpha
R-HSA-556833Metabolism of lipids
R-HSA-5663205Infectious disease
R-HSA-9820952Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Pathway
R-HSA-9824446Viral Infection Pathways
R-HSA-9843745Adipogenesis

MSigDB gene sets: 191 (showing top): GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_COLON_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_UP, REACTOME_TRANSCRIPTIONAL_REGULATION_OF_WHITE_ADIPOCYTE_DIFFERENTIATION, TGCGCANK_UNKNOWN, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_DNA_TEMPLATED_TRANSCRIPTION_INITIATION, CHANDRAN_METASTASIS_DN, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_DNA_TEMPLATED_TRANSCRIPTION_INITIATION, GOBP_DNA_TEMPLATED_TRANSCRIPTION_INITIATION, GOBP_POST_TRANSLATIONAL_PROTEIN_MODIFICATION, GOBP_TRANSCRIPTION_INITIATION_AT_RNA_POLYMERASE_II_PROMOTER, GOBP_PROTEIN_DNA_COMPLEX_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_DNA_TEMPLATED_TRANSCRIPTION_ELONGATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_DNA_TEMPLATED_TRANSCRIPTION_ELONGATION, GOCC_RNA_POLYMERASE_II_TRANSCRIPTION_REGULATOR_COMPLEX, GOCC_TRANSFERASE_COMPLEX, BENPORATH_OCT4_TARGETS

GO Biological Process (5): protein ubiquitination (GO:0016567), positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (GO:0032968), RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly (GO:0051123), positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II (GO:0060261), regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357)

GO Molecular Function (3): transcription coregulator activity (GO:0003712), ubiquitin protein ligase activity (GO:0061630), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (5): ubiquitin ligase complex (GO:0000151), nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), mediator complex (GO:0016592), core mediator complex (GO:0070847)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-9 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Regulation of lipid metabolism by PPARalpha1
Adipogenesis1
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Pathway1
Metabolism of lipids1
Metabolism1
Disease1
Viral Infection Pathways1
Infectious disease1
Developmental Biology1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II2
transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter2
protein modification by small protein conjugation1
transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II1
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation1
regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II1
transcription preinitiation complex assembly1
regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II1
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation1
regulation of DNA-templated transcription1
transcription by RNA polymerase II1
transcription regulator activity1
ubiquitin-protein transferase activity1
ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity1
binding1
intracellular protein-containing complex1
transferase complex1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
nuclear lumen1
cellular anatomical structure1
core mediator complex1
nuclear protein-containing complex1
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

688 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
MED11MED22Q15528999
MED11MED18Q9BUE0998
MED11MED17Q9NVC6995
MED11MED8Q96G25995
MED11MED6O75586994
MED11MED30Q96HR3987
MED11MED20Q9H944984
MED11MED10Q9BTT4974
MED11MED27Q6P2C8953
MED11MED19A0JLT2948
MED11MED14O60244886
MED11MED7O43513869
MED11MED21Q13503823
MED11MED29Q9NX70819
MED11MED31Q9Y3C7772

IntAct

126 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
MED10MED19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.910
MED10MED19psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.910
MED4MED19psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.900
MED4MED19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.900
MED29MED19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.890
MED21MED19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.880
MED10MED6psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.870
MED17MED22psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.860
CDK8MED19psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.850
CDK8MED19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.850
MED20MED19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.840
MED18MED19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.840
MED31MED19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.840
MED7MED19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.840
MED11MED19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.840

BioGRID (197): MED11 (Affinity Capture-MS), MED11 (Affinity Capture-MS), MED11 (Co-fractionation), MED11 (Co-fractionation), MED11 (Co-fractionation), MED11 (Co-fractionation), MED11 (Co-fractionation), MED11 (Co-fractionation), MED11 (Co-fractionation), MED11 (Co-fractionation), MED11 (Co-fractionation), MED11 (Co-fractionation), MED11 (Co-fractionation), MED16 (Co-fractionation), MED17 (Co-fractionation)

ESM2 similar proteins: A3KNK7, A4QP78, A4VCH4, A8E5U3, A9ULY7, G0RY74, O95295, P60192, Q0IHI6, Q13503, Q178E6, Q17NH9, Q28HX4, Q2HJG5, Q2M146, Q2TBU8, Q3B8I4, Q40554, Q4R6N3, Q5EA95, Q5PPY2, Q5PQM2, Q5RE46, Q68EW7, Q6DGZ3, Q6GPR9, Q6ID77, Q6IVW0, Q6P255, Q6PC45, Q7QB45, Q7ZTI5, Q8BXG3, Q8LCH5, Q8VD75, Q96HR3, Q96QK1, Q99LM2, Q9CQ39, Q9CQI9

Diamond homologs: A3KNK7, Q17NH9, Q32L03, Q612X6, Q68EW7, Q6P255, Q9BI74, Q9D8C6, Q9P086, Q9VVS4

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
MED11“form complex”“Core mediator complex”binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 50 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Pathway25126.2×3e-48
RSV-host interactions25100.3×1e-45
Adipogenesis25100.3×1e-45
Regulation of lipid metabolism by PPARalpha2590.4×2e-44
Transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation2583.2×2e-43
Epigenetic regulation of adipogenesis genes by MLL3 and MLL4 complexes1582.9×5e-25
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression by MLL3 and MLL4 complexes1575.7×2e-24
Epigenetic regulation by WDR5-containing histone modifying complexes1663.3×1e-24

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II21137.4×9e-40
positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II22130.0×7e-41
RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly21124.1×8e-39
somatic stem cell population maintenance1053.9×1e-13
transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter540.7×5e-06
protein ubiquitination109.0×5e-06

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

23 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic1
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance20
Likely benign0
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
2499501NM_001001683.4(MED11):c.325C>T (p.Arg109Ter)Pathogenic

SpliceAI

466 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
17:4731603:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
17:4731904:CAGGT:Cdonor_loss1.0000
17:4731906:GGTC:Gdonor_loss1.0000
17:4731907:G:GAdonor_loss1.0000
17:4731532:G:GTdonor_gain0.9900
17:4731570:TGCAG:Tdonor_loss0.9900
17:4731572:C:Tdonor_gain0.9900
17:4731572:CAG:Cdonor_loss0.9900
17:4731573:AGGTT:Adonor_loss0.9900
17:4731574:GG:Gdonor_loss0.9900
17:4731575:GTTC:Gdonor_loss0.9900
17:4731576:T:Adonor_loss0.9900
17:4731603:G:Tdonor_gain0.9900
17:4731645:G:GTdonor_gain0.9900
17:4731645:G:Tdonor_gain0.9900
17:4731612:GC:Gdonor_gain0.9800
17:4731657:GGT:Gdonor_gain0.9700
17:4731631:G:GTdonor_gain0.9600
17:4731547:G:Tdonor_gain0.9500
17:4731581:G:GTdonor_gain0.9500
17:4731617:ACCGG:Adonor_gain0.9500
17:4731659:TTGGG:Tdonor_gain0.9500
17:4731905:AGGTC:Adonor_gain0.9500
17:4731765:C:Aacceptor_gain0.9400
17:4731609:A:Tdonor_gain0.9300
17:4731656:GG:Gdonor_gain0.9300
17:4731660:T:Adonor_gain0.9200
17:4731547:G:GTdonor_gain0.9100
17:4731618:C:Gdonor_gain0.9100
17:4731650:G:GTdonor_gain0.9100

AlphaMissense

745 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
17:4731878:T:CL63P0.999
17:4731899:T:AL70H0.999
17:4731899:T:CL70P0.999
17:4733054:C:AA74D0.999
17:4733074:G:CG81R0.999
17:4731572:C:AA28E0.998
17:4731845:T:CF52S0.998
17:4731890:T:CI67T0.998
17:4733068:C:GH79D0.998
17:4733074:G:TG81C0.998
17:4733083:T:CY84H0.998
17:4731530:T:AL14Q0.997
17:4731530:T:CL14P0.997
17:4731844:T:CF52L0.997
17:4731846:C:AF52L0.997
17:4731846:C:GF52L0.997
17:4731890:T:GI67S0.997
17:4733053:G:CA74P0.997
17:4733070:T:AH79Q0.997
17:4733070:T:GH79Q0.997
17:4733110:G:CA93P0.997
17:4731521:T:CL11P0.996
17:4731542:A:TE18V0.996
17:4731563:T:CL25P0.996
17:4731776:G:AG29D0.996
17:4731790:G:AE34K0.996
17:4731878:T:AL63Q0.996
17:4731895:T:GY69D0.996
17:4733057:C:TT75I0.996
17:4733068:C:AH79N0.996

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000820610 (17:4732275 T>G), RS1000851633 (17:4732015 C>A,G,T), RS1001370188 (17:4730321 G>A), RS1001427583 (17:4730929 A>G), RS1001903939 (17:4733481 G>C), RS1004606929 (17:4733599 CAA>C), RS1004749670 (17:4733866 T>A), RS1005723565 (17:4733403 C>G), RS1008026917 (17:4729835 G>A), RS1008741128 (17:4731230 T>C), RS1009547255 (17:4732620 T>C), RS1009743795 (17:4732338 G>A,C,T), RS1011615704 (17:4730229 G>C), RS1012025070 (17:4733572 TAAA>T), RS1013045462 (17:4730817 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:612383 | disease phenotypes: MIM:620327

GenCC curated gene-disease

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
neurodegeneration with developmental delay, early respiratory failure, myoclonic seizures, and brain abnormalitiesStrongAutosomal recessive

Mondo (1): neurodegeneration with developmental delay, early respiratory failure, myoclonic seizures, and brain abnormalities (MONDO:0957225)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

27 total (27 of 27 shown, HPO-id order):

HPOTerm
HP:0000007Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000028Cryptorchidism
HP:0000126Hydronephrosis
HP:0000365Hearing impairment
HP:0000486Strabismus
HP:0000518Cataract
HP:0000639Nystagmus
HP:0001263Global developmental delay
HP:0001272Cerebellar atrophy
HP:0001321Cerebellar hypoplasia
HP:0001337Tremor
HP:0001511Intrauterine growth retardation
HP:0001631Atrial septal defect
HP:0001643Patent ductus arteriosus
HP:0001655Patent foramen ovale
HP:0002120Cerebral cortical atrophy
HP:0002267Exaggerated startle response
HP:0002380Fasciculations
HP:0002509Limb hypertonia
HP:0002878Respiratory failure
HP:0003121Limb joint contracture
HP:0003577Congenital onset
HP:0007068Inferior cerebellar vermis hypoplasia
HP:0008936Axial hypotonia
HP:0012444Brain atrophy
HP:0032398Dysgyria
HP:0032794Myoclonic seizure

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

26 total (human), top 26 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
sodium arsenitedecreases expression2
aristolochic acid Idecreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphatedecreases expression1
bleomycetindecreases expression1
potassium chromate(VI)decreases expression, affects cotreatment1
epigallocatechin gallateaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
STA 9090increases expression1
jinfukangincreases expression1
Resveratrolaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Air Pollutants, Occupationaldecreases expression1
Amiodaroneincreases expression1
Diurondecreases expression1
Doxorubicinincreases expression1
Estradioldecreases expression1
Ethyl Methanesulfonatedecreases expression1
Methyl Methanesulfonatedecreases expression1
Nickeldecreases expression1
Plant Extractsaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Thiramdecreases expression1
Urethanedecreases expression1
Valproic Acidaffects expression1
Vanadatesdecreases expression1
Cyclosporinedecreases expression1
Okadaic Aciddecreases expression1
Lactic Aciddecreases expression1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.