MED22

gene
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Also known as Med24SRB6

Summary

MED22 (mediator complex subunit 22, HGNC:11477) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 9q34.2, encoding Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 22 (Q15528). Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. It is a common-essential gene (DepMap: required in 98.9% of cancer cell lines).

This gene encodes a protein component of the mediator complex, which functions in the regulation of transcription by bridging interactions between gene-specific regulatory factors, RNA polymerase II, and general transcription factors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been observed.

Source: NCBI Gene 6837 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Gene–disease (curated): complex neurodevelopmental disorder (Moderate, GenCC)
  • GWAS associations: 29
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 195 total — 2 likely-pathogenic
  • Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 98.9% of screened cell lines (common-essential)
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_133640

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:11477
Approved symbolMED22
Namemediator complex subunit 22
Location9q34.2
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesMed24, SRB6
Ensembl geneENSG00000148297
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM185641
Entrez6837

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 14 — 12 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000343730, ENST00000371999, ENST00000446777, ENST00000457204, ENST00000471524, ENST00000482295, ENST00000494177, ENST00000610672, ENST00000610888, ENST00000614493, ENST00000904047, ENST00000925577, ENST00000925578, ENST00000925579

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_133640 NM_133640, NM_181491

CCDS: CCDS6963, CCDS6964

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000343730 — 5 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001136284133346540133346700
ENSE00001386820133338312133341694
ENSE00003561732133345172133345252
ENSE00003786854133344125133344333
ENSE00003890317133347922133348131

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 134 present calls, max score 88.35.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 11.3767 / max 73.3363, expressed in 1793 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
10298311.20201790
1029820.174761

Top tissues by expression

134 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
cortical plateUBERON:000534388.35gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009487.78gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layerUBERON:003583387.43gold quality
lower esophagusUBERON:001347387.42gold quality
bloodUBERON:000017887.16gold quality
sural nerveUBERON:001548886.59gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propriaUBERON:003584186.57gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colonUBERON:003580586.51gold quality
right coronary arteryUBERON:000162586.49gold quality
body of uterusUBERON:000985386.37gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119986.29gold quality
prefrontal cortexUBERON:000045186.26gold quality
apex of heartUBERON:000209885.88gold quality
left uterine tubeUBERON:000130385.78gold quality
stromal cell of endometriumCL:000225585.64gold quality
endocervixUBERON:000045885.58gold quality
myometriumUBERON:000129685.51gold quality
monocyteCL:000057685.48gold quality
ganglionic eminenceUBERON:000402385.39gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073885.38gold quality
popliteal arteryUBERON:000225085.34gold quality
tibial arteryUBERON:000761085.34gold quality
frontal cortexUBERON:000187085.11gold quality
right ovaryUBERON:000211884.95gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305384.71gold quality
heart left ventricleUBERON:000208484.70gold quality
left adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582584.65gold quality
thoracic aortaUBERON:000151584.63gold quality
ascending aortaUBERON:000149684.57gold quality
esophagusUBERON:000104384.56gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3no0.88

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): STAT5A, STAT5B

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

5 targeting MED22, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-548AW99.9972.573559
HSA-MIR-120099.7170.421838
HSA-MIR-6814-5P99.0366.681273
HSA-MIR-6793-3P97.6665.781084
HSA-MIR-664B-5P96.7467.50509

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 98.9% of screened cell lines, common-essential.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

  • Hu-Surf5 encodes three different transcripts, Surf-5a, Surf-5b, and Surf-5c, which result from alternative splicing. (PMID:11891058)
  • functional communications between the MED1 subunit and the MED24-containing submodule that mediate estrogen receptor functions and growth of both normal mammary epithelial cells and breast carcinoma cells. (PMID:22331469)
  • Inactivation of mediator complex protein 22 in podocytes results in intracellular vacuole formation, podocyte loss and premature death. (PMID:33208756)
  • This publication also contains human sequence. (PMID:8586415)

Cross-species orthologs

6 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriomed22ENSDARG00000014148
mus_musculusMed22ENSMUSG00000015776
rattus_norvegicusMed22ENSRNOG00000005059
drosophila_melanogasterMED22FBGN0040339
drosophila_melanogasterCG32971FBGN0052971
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00007022

Protein

Protein identifiers

Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 22Q15528 (reviewed: Q15528)

Alternative names: Mediator complex subunit 22, Surfeit locus protein 5

All UniProt accessions (5): Q15528, E7EN96, E9PGW7, Q5T8T7, Q5T8T8

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors.

Subunit / interactions. Component of the Mediator complex, which is composed of MED1, MED4, MED6, MED7, MED8, MED9, MED10, MED11, MED12, MED13, MED13L, MED14, MED15, MED16, MED17, MED18, MED19, MED20, MED21, MED22, MED23, MED24, MED25, MED26, MED27, MED29, MED30, MED31, CCNC, CDK8 and CDC2L6/CDK11. The MED12, MED13, CCNC and CDK8 subunits form a distinct module termed the CDK8 module. Mediator containing the CDK8 module is less active than Mediator lacking this module in supporting transcriptional activation. Individual preparations of the Mediator complex lacking one or more distinct subunits have been variously termed ARC, CRSP, DRIP, PC2, SMCC and TRAP.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Similarity. Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 22 family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q15528-1Surf5Byes
Q15528-2Surf5A

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_598395, NP_852468 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR009332Med22Family

Pfam: PF06179

UniProt features (8 total): helix 3, chain 1, region of interest 1, coiled-coil region 1, splice variant 1, strand 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

11 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
7EMFELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.5
8TRHELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.7
7ENAELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.07
7ENCELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.13
8GXSELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.16
7ENJELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.4
7NVRELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.5
8T9DELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.66
7LBMELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.8
8GXQELECTRON MICROSCOPY5.04
8TQWELECTRON MICROSCOPY8.2

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q15528-F179.780.52

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

12 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-1989781PPARA activates gene expression
R-HSA-381340Transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation
R-HSA-9833110RSV-host interactions
R-HSA-1266738Developmental Biology
R-HSA-1430728Metabolism
R-HSA-1643685Disease
R-HSA-400206Regulation of lipid metabolism by PPARalpha
R-HSA-556833Metabolism of lipids
R-HSA-5663205Infectious disease
R-HSA-9820952Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Pathway
R-HSA-9824446Viral Infection Pathways
R-HSA-9843745Adipogenesis

MSigDB gene sets: 299 (showing top): REACTOME_TRANSCRIPTIONAL_REGULATION_OF_WHITE_ADIPOCYTE_DIFFERENTIATION, BUYTAERT_PHOTODYNAMIC_THERAPY_STRESS_DN, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_DNA_TEMPLATED_TRANSCRIPTION_INITIATION, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_DN, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_DN, AACYNNNNTTCCS_UNKNOWN, CHX10_01, PUJANA_CHEK2_PCC_NETWORK, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_24HR_UP, BLALOCK_ALZHEIMERS_DISEASE_UP, OCT1_03, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_DNA_TEMPLATED_TRANSCRIPTION_INITIATION, YAO_TEMPORAL_RESPONSE_TO_PROGESTERONE_CLUSTER_6, GOBP_MAINTENANCE_OF_CELL_NUMBER, GOBP_DNA_TEMPLATED_TRANSCRIPTION_INITIATION

GO Biological Process (4): positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (GO:0032968), RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly (GO:0051123), positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II (GO:0060261), regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357)

GO Molecular Function (2): transcription coregulator activity (GO:0003712), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (5): nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), mediator complex (GO:0016592), core mediator complex (GO:0070847)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-9 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Regulation of lipid metabolism by PPARalpha1
Adipogenesis1
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Pathway1
Metabolism of lipids1
Metabolism1
Disease1
Viral Infection Pathways1
Infectious disease1
Developmental Biology1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II2
transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter2
cellular anatomical structure2
transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II1
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation1
regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II1
transcription preinitiation complex assembly1
regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II1
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation1
regulation of DNA-templated transcription1
transcription by RNA polymerase II1
transcription regulator activity1
binding1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
nuclear lumen1
intracellular anatomical structure1
core mediator complex1
nuclear protein-containing complex1
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1181 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
MED22MED11Q9P086999
MED22MED8Q96G25996
MED22MED6O75586996
MED22MED17Q9NVC6994
MED22MED18Q9BUE0991
MED22MED20Q9H944984
MED22MED30Q96HR3983
MED22MED10Q9BTT4971
MED22MED27Q6P2C8946
MED22SURF6O75683918
MED22MED14O60244906
MED22MED7O43513896
MED22RPL7AP11518893
MED22MED15Q96RN5878
MED22MED16Q9Y2X0866

IntAct

125 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
MED10MED19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.910
MED10MED19psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.910
MED4MED19psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.900
MED4MED19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.900
CDK8MED14psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.900
MED29MED19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.890
MED21MED19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.880
MED17MED22psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.860
MED17MED22psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.860
MED22MED17psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.860
CDK8MED19psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.850
CDK8MED19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.850

BioGRID (228): MED22 (Affinity Capture-MS), MED22 (Affinity Capture-MS), MED22 (Affinity Capture-MS), MED22 (Affinity Capture-MS), MED22 (Affinity Capture-MS), MED22 (Affinity Capture-MS), MED22 (Co-fractionation), MED22 (Co-fractionation), MED22 (Co-fractionation), MED22 (Co-fractionation), MED22 (Co-fractionation), MED22 (Affinity Capture-Western), MED22 (Synthetic Growth Defect), MED22 (Proximity Label-MS), MED22 (Proximity Label-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A5F9C6I2, A0JPN6, A4IIZ9, A5WUL3, D3ZUQ0, D3ZXK7, F1R7R1, O43513, O57595, O75916, P51593, P53349, P68943, P85299, Q08DY8, Q13233, Q15528, Q17QG3, Q2F7Z4, Q2TBN4, Q2YDF2, Q3B8I4, Q3T123, Q5BJ48, Q5E9K2, Q5EBL4, Q5FVG6, Q5RKN3, Q5XIX8, Q5XPI3, Q5XPI4, Q62276, Q62739, Q6GQ95, Q6QB00, Q6ZUS6, Q7TMY8, Q7ZV35, Q800L3, Q80U62

Diamond homologs: A0JPN6, A5WUL3, O57595, Q15528, Q178E6, Q23679, Q54XB0, Q5E9K2, Q62276, Q626S1, Q6GQ95, Q7QB45, Q800L3, Q8LCH5, Q9SA42, Q9V439

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
MED22“form complex”“Core mediator complex”binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 55 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Pathway26121.9×2e-49
RSV-host interactions2696.8×1e-46
Adipogenesis2696.8×1e-46
Regulation of lipid metabolism by PPARalpha2687.3×2e-45
Transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation2680.3×2e-44
Epigenetic regulation of adipogenesis genes by MLL3 and MLL4 complexes1577.0×3e-24
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression by MLL3 and MLL4 complexes1570.3×1e-23
PPARA activates gene expression2658.4×2e-40

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II22147.1×2e-42
RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly22132.9×1e-41
positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II22132.9×1e-41
somatic stem cell population maintenance1160.6×1e-15
transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter758.2×1e-09
protein ubiquitination1110.1×3e-07
transcription by RNA polymerase II57.8×8e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

195 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic2
Uncertain significance146
Likely benign6
Benign5

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (2)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
599495NM_014815.4(MED24):c.1247C>G (p.Thr416Ser)Likely pathogenic
599496NM_014815.4(MED24):c.2288G>A (p.Arg763Gln)Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

4973 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
17:40019776:GGTAC:Gdonor_loss1.0000
17:40019777:GTACT:Gdonor_loss1.0000
17:40019778:TAC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
17:40019779:ACTC:Adonor_loss1.0000
17:40019780:CTC:Cdonor_loss1.0000
17:40019781:T:TGdonor_loss1.0000
17:40019782:CACG:Cdonor_loss1.0000
17:40019783:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
17:40019784:C:CAdonor_gain1.0000
17:40019784:C:Tdonor_loss1.0000
17:40019784:CG:Cdonor_gain1.0000
17:40019784:CGG:Cdonor_gain1.0000
17:40019784:CGGT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
17:40019784:CGGTG:Cdonor_gain1.0000
17:40019934:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
17:40019943:G:GCacceptor_gain1.0000
17:40021949:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
17:40021950:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
17:40021950:CTCA:Cdonor_gain1.0000
17:40021953:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
17:40021954:C:CGdonor_gain1.0000
17:40021954:CTG:Cdonor_gain1.0000
17:40021981:T:TAdonor_gain1.0000
17:40022050:TAATC:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
17:40022051:AATC:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
17:40022052:ATC:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
17:40022053:TC:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
17:40022054:CC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
17:40022055:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
17:40022388:GCCTA:Gdonor_loss1.0000

AlphaMissense

1297 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
9:133344293:A:GL82P0.999
9:133345183:C:GA65P0.999
9:133346598:A:GL22P0.999
9:133344281:A:GL86P0.998
9:133344314:A:GL75P0.998
9:133344318:A:GS74P0.998
9:133344327:C:GA71P0.998
9:133344329:C:GR70P0.998
9:133345180:C:GA66P0.998
9:133345182:G:TA65D0.998
9:133345185:C:GR64P0.998
9:133346567:G:CN32K0.998
9:133346567:G:TN32K0.998
9:133344158:A:GL127P0.997
9:133344275:A:GL88P0.997
9:133344289:C:AK83N0.997
9:133344289:C:GK83N0.997
9:133344305:A:GL78P0.997
9:133344149:A:GL130P0.996
9:133344332:A:TV69D0.996
9:133346601:C:GR21P0.996
9:133344191:A:GL116P0.995
9:133344266:A:CF91C0.995
9:133344275:A:TL88H0.995
9:133344278:A:TI87N0.995
9:133344323:C:TG72D0.995
9:133344179:C:GR120P0.994
9:133344326:G:TA71D0.994
9:133345188:A:TV63E0.994
9:133346544:G:TA40D0.994

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000034576 (9:133342782 G>A,C), RS1000171207 (9:133346889 G>T), RS1000438055 (9:133347855 A>C,T), RS1000861174 (9:133347994 C>T), RS1001079473 (9:133347738 C>A), RS1001377200 (9:133338188 G>A), RS1001498251 (9:133338979 A>G), RS1002209863 (9:133343104 T>C), RS1002249886 (9:133348033 TC>T), RS1002265289 (9:133337850 G>A,C), RS1002356918 (9:133343026 C>T), RS1002598791 (9:133338995 G>A,C), RS1002652750 (9:133344927 T>C), RS1002726303 (9:133343375 C>G,T), RS1002764919 (9:133349121 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:185641 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
complex neurodevelopmental disorderModerateAutosomal recessive

Mondo (1): complex neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0100038)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

29 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST000589_4White blood cell count3.000000e-14
GCST001137_10White blood cell count9.000000e-35
GCST001137_8White blood cell count2.000000e-31
GCST001302_2White blood cell count2.000000e-12
GCST001302_4White blood cell count1.000000e-12
GCST001793_1Coagulation factor levels4.000000e-34
GCST001793_4Coagulation factor levels1.000000e-128
GCST002557_5Neutrophil count3.000000e-23
GCST002557_6Neutrophil count1.000000e-10
GCST004126_2White blood cell count9.000000e-11
GCST005024_87Pursuit maintenance gain2.000000e-06
GCST005974_6Neutrophil count4.000000e-56
GCST007235_9Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma7.000000e-06
GCST007395_3Mitochondrial DNA copy number7.000000e-07
GCST007399_2Mitochondrial DNA copy number2.000000e-07
GCST008058_268Estimated glomerular filtration rate5.000000e-08
GCST008059_214Estimated glomerular filtration rate7.000000e-08
GCST008103_61Bipolar disorder6.000000e-07
GCST008916_21Asthma2.000000e-62
GCST008916_36Asthma6.000000e-13
GCST008916_85Asthma2.000000e-12
GCST009731_5Blood protein levels in cardiovascular risk2.000000e-16
GCST010002_123Refractive error1.000000e-24
GCST010725_19Malaria9.000000e-11
GCST010725_31Malaria9.000000e-21
GCST010725_98Malaria1.000000e-19
GCST90002381_115Eosinophil count2.000000e-16
GCST90002399_237Neutrophil percentage of white cells3.000000e-53
GCST90002407_133White blood cell count7.000000e-54

EFO canonical traits (6, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004833neutrophil count
EFO:0008433pursuit maintenance gain measurement
EFO:0006312mitochondrial DNA measurement
EFO:0007774thrombomodulin measurement
EFO:0004842eosinophil count
EFO:0007990neutrophil percentage of leukocytes

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

33 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
aristolochic acid Idecreases expression1
GSK-J4decreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
alpha-pineneaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
pirinixic aciddecreases expression, increases activity, affects binding1
sodium arseniteincreases expression1
cobaltous chloridedecreases expression1
nickel sulfateincreases expression1
methacrylaldehydeaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
pyrimidifendecreases expression1
pyrachlostrobindecreases expression1
jinfukangaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
NSC 689534affects binding, decreases expression1
Leflunomidedecreases expression1
Acroleinaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
Air Pollutantsaffects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases oxidation1
Cisplatinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Copperdecreases expression, affects binding1
Doxorubicindecreases expression1
Ozoneaffects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
Rotenonedecreases expression1
Smokedecreases expression1
Testosteroneincreases expression1
Valproic Aciddecreases expression1
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxidedecreases expression1
Cyclosporineincreases expression1
Aflatoxin B1increases methylation1
Cadmium Chlorideincreases expression1
Okadaic Acidincreases expression1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

2 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

TrialPhaseStatusTitle
NCT06310681Not specifiedCOMPLETEDPilot Testing of a Co-adapted Group Programme for Parents/Carers of Children With Complex Neurodisability
NCT07303049Not specifiedNOT_YET_RECRUITINGCognitive Benefit of Intensive Rehabilitation Using Rhythmic Music Training in Children With Complex Neurodevelopmental Disorder