METRNL

Summary

METRNL (meteorin like, glial cell differentiation regulator, HGNC:27584) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17q25.3, encoding Meteorin-like protein (Q641Q3). Hormone induced following exercise or cold exposure that promotes energy expenditure.

Predicted to enable hormone activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including brown fat cell differentiation; positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation; and response to muscle activity. Located in extracellular exosome.

Source: NCBI Gene 284207 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 10
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 74 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001004431

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:27584
Approved symbol	METRNL
Name	meteorin like, glial cell differentiation regulator
Location	17q25.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000176845
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	616241
Entrez	284207

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 5 — 4 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000320095, ENST00000570778, ENST00000571814, ENST00000571940, ENST00000574053

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_001004431 NM_001004431, NM_001363853

CCDS: CCDS32779, CCDS86656

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000320095 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001463756	83079609	83079985
ENSE00002641734	83094256	83095122
ENSE00003485936	83093167	83093226
ENSE00003605539	83084938	83085323

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 134 present calls, max score 98.93.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 25.8616 / max 557.7889, expressed in 1751 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
163571	23.0540	1734
163570	1.5865	876
163572	1.1786	405
163574	0.0424	24

Top tissues by expression

134 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	98.93	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	98.62	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	98.48	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	98.43	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	97.73	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	96.82	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	96.79	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	96.67	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	96.63	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	96.63	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	96.58	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	96.39	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	96.35	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	96.33	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	96.21	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	96.17	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	96.02	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	96.01	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	95.99	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	95.51	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	95.47	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	95.47	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	95.47	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	95.18	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	95.17	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	94.93	gold quality
uterine cervix	UBERON:0000002	94.78	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	94.74	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	94.61	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	94.47	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 5 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-8559	yes	222.67
E-ANND-3	yes	20.32
E-MTAB-7052	no	71.75
E-MTAB-6075	no	53.21
E-MTAB-6058	no	4.93

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

22 targeting METRNL, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3646	100.00	73.56	5283
HSA-MIR-5692B	100.00	71.32	2622
HSA-MIR-5692C	100.00	71.32	2622
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-374A-5P	99.90	71.34	2923
HSA-MIR-374B-5P	99.90	69.98	2734
HSA-MIR-369-3P	99.85	70.52	2264
HSA-MIR-202-5P	99.78	67.65	991
HSA-MIR-2681-5P	99.75	67.64	1655
HSA-MIR-3680-3P	99.75	72.51	3095
HSA-MIR-1303	99.65	69.77	1662
HSA-MIR-4685-5P	99.25	65.99	1563
HSA-MIR-6837-5P	99.25	65.47	1632
HSA-MIR-3925-5P	99.21	67.90	1466
HSA-MIR-6811-3P	98.62	66.54	944
HSA-MIR-8057	97.64	66.54	897
HSA-MIR-424-3P	97.20	65.86	385
HSA-MIR-10398-5P	97.12	64.94	1051
HSA-MIR-10399-3P	96.95	67.92	111
HSA-MIR-212-5P	96.83	67.43	950

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 23)

• Results show that Subfatin is a novel adipokine regulated by adipogenesis and obesity, with tissue distribution different from its homologue Meteorin (PMID:24393292)
• Data suggest that there is no correlation between serum Metrnl levels and BMI (body mass index) in humans. (PMID:26307585)
• Overexpression of METRNL inhibited mineralized nodule formation. (PMID:27716826)
• downregulation of METRNL during adipogenesis and functional induction of increased proliferation in stromal vascular fraction cells with concomitant inhibition of adipocyte differentiation may result in hypertrophic AT accumulation (PMID:27748745)
• Lower serum levels of Metrnl in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus are negatively associated with insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokines. (PMID:30212581)
• Serum Metrnl is associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease in Chinese patients. (PMID:30394666)
• Serum levels of subfatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with vascular adhesion molecules. (PMID:30463448)
• Low Serum Metrnl is associated with worsening of glucose tolerance, impaired endothelial function and atherosclerosis. (PMID:30825562)
• Myokines in skeletal muscle physiology and metabolism: Recent advances and future perspectives. (PMID:31442362)
• Data shows elevated METRNL plasma levels in individuals with T2D, further exacerbated with obesity. Additionally, a strong positive association was observed between METRNL and irisin. (PMID:31635130)
• Maternal and umbilical cord blood subfatin and spexin levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. (PMID:32068104)
• Circulating levels of Meteorin-like protein in polycystic ovary syndrome (PMID:32330176)
• Characterization of the serum levels of Meteorin-like in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and its association with inflammatory cytokines. (PMID:33126870)
• Potential emerging roles of the novel adipokines adipolin/CTRP12 and meteorin-like/METRNL in obesity-osteoarthritis interplay. (PMID:33248913)
• Meteorin-like promotes heart repair through endothelial KIT receptor tyrosine kinase. (PMID:35709278)
• Decreased serum interleukin-41/Metrnl levels in patients with Graves’ disease. (PMID:36036749)
• Elevated levels of Metrnl in rheumatoid arthritis: Association with disease activity. (PMID:36084603)
• Metrnl Alleviates Lipid Accumulation by Modulating Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Diabetic Nephropathy. (PMID:36812572)
• Betatrophin, elabela, asprosin, glucagon and subfatin peptides in breast tissue, blood and milk in gestational diabetes. (PMID:36825397)
• Is meteorin-like (Metrnl) a novel biomarker to distinguish patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and patients with OSA at vascular risk. (PMID:36877355)
• Meteorin-like protein elevation post-exercise improved vascular inflammation among coronary artery disease patients by downregulating NLRP3 inflammasome activity. (PMID:38054817)
• Role of asprosin and meteorin-like peptide in progression of actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma. (PMID:38192243)
• The Novel Cytokine Interleukin-41/Meteorin-like Is Reduced in Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis. (PMID:39056787)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	metrnlb	ENSDARG00000007289
danio_rerio	metrnla	ENSDARG00000101914
mus_musculus	Metrnl	ENSMUSG00000039208
rattus_norvegicus	Metrnl	ENSRNOG00000046202

Paralogs (1): METRN (ENSG00000103260)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Meteorin-like protein — Q641Q3 (reviewed: Q641Q3)

Alternative names: Subfatin

All UniProt accessions (2): Q641Q3, I3L0R0

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Hormone induced following exercise or cold exposure that promotes energy expenditure. Induced either in the skeletal muscle after exercise or in adipose tissue following cold exposure and is present in the circulation. Able to stimulate energy expenditure associated with the browning of the white fat depots and improves glucose tolerance. Does not promote an increase in a thermogenic gene program via direct action on adipocytes, but acts by stimulating several immune cell subtypes to enter the adipose tissue and activate their prothermogenic actions. Stimulates an eosinophil-dependent increase in IL4 expression and promotes alternative activation of adipose tissue macrophages, which are required for the increased expression of the thermogenic and anti-inflammatory gene programs in fat. Required for some cold-induced thermogenic responses, suggesting a role in metabolic adaptations to cold temperatures.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Highly expressed in the skeletal muscle, in subcutaneous adipose tissue, epididymal white adipose tissue depots and heart. Also expressed in brown adipose tissues and kidney.

Similarity. Belongs to the meteorin family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q641Q3-1	1	yes
Q641Q3-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001004431, NP_001350782 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR051998	Meteorin-like	Family

UniProt features (10 total): disulfide bond 5, signal peptide 1, chain 1, region of interest 1, compositionally biased region 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q641Q3-F1	84.20	0.63

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (5): 52–75, 107–143, 188–260, 191–284, 201–306

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 182 (showing top): GOBP_REGULATION_OF_FAT_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_COLD, GOBP_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE, PEREZ_TP63_TARGETS, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_FAT_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, TATTATA_MIR374, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_BROWN_FAT_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, RICKMAN_TUMOR_DIFFERENTIATED_WELL_VS_POORLY_DN, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, KINSEY_TARGETS_OF_EWSR1_FLII_FUSION_DN, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_RESPONSE_TO_STRESS, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_DEFENSE_RESPONSE, GOBP_BROWN_FAT_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE

GO Biological Process (8): response to cold (GO:0009409), response to muscle activity (GO:0014850), fat cell differentiation (GO:0045444), negative regulation of inflammatory response (GO:0050728), brown fat cell differentiation (GO:0050873), positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation (GO:0090336), energy homeostasis (GO:0097009), signal transduction (GO:0007165)

GO Molecular Function (1): hormone activity (GO:0005179)

GO Cellular Component (3): obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), extracellular region (GO:0005576)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
response to stress	1
response to temperature stimulus	1
response to activity	1
cell differentiation	1
inflammatory response	1
negative regulation of defense response	1
negative regulation of response to external stimulus	1
regulation of inflammatory response	1
fat cell differentiation	1
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation	1
brown fat cell differentiation	1
regulation of brown fat cell differentiation	1
multicellular organismal-level homeostasis	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
receptor ligand activity	1
extracellular vesicle	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

726 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
METRNL	FNDC5	Q8NAU1	649
METRNL	QTGAL	Q67FW5	455
METRNL	UCP1	P25874	446
METRNL	FGF21	Q9NSA1	446
METRNL	PPARGC1A	Q9UBK2	397
METRNL	FN3KRP	Q9HA64	376
METRNL	MSTN	O14793	373
METRNL	TBCD	Q9BTW9	320
METRNL	OSTN	P61366	313
METRNL	PPARG	P37231	311
METRNL	C22orf31	O95567	306
METRNL	INS	P01308	305
METRNL	IFFO2	Q5TF58	304
METRNL	PRDM16	Q9HAZ2	294
METRNL	LEP	P41159	294

IntAct

63 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
C1QTNF9	C1QTNF9B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.780
CRIPTO	AIP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
DEFA5	NUDT19	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CRP	QSOX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NOTCH2	ZNF316	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CHMP4B		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
A2M	PZP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CCL3	KRBA1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
A2M	BMP7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
BTNL2	TMEM131L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KLRD1	TMEM131L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SFTPC	TMEM131L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
BRICD5	TMEM131L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
LY86	TMEM131L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ASIC4	TMEM131L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
IL5RA	POTEF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TMEM87A	POTEF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
NCR3	POTEF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DNAJB9	POTEF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CFC1	POTEF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PI15		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MFAP4	QSOX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CA6	QSOX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ELSPBP1	QSOX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PRG2	QSOX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DNASE1L1	QSOX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FMOD	QSOX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
IDS	RTCA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SDF2L1	MANBA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (56): METRNL (Affinity Capture-MS), METRNL (Affinity Capture-MS), METRNL (Affinity Capture-MS), METRNL (Affinity Capture-RNA), METRNL (Affinity Capture-MS), METRNL (Affinity Capture-MS), METRNL (Affinity Capture-MS), METRNL (Affinity Capture-MS), METRNL (Affinity Capture-MS), METRNL (Affinity Capture-MS), METRNL (Affinity Capture-MS), METRNL (Affinity Capture-MS), METRNL (Affinity Capture-MS), METRNL (Affinity Capture-MS), METRNL (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1A4M2, A4IFG4, A5D8P8, A6NKD9, A7E2M3, B4F7F3, E9Q6B2, F1MX48, F1SAM7, O97676, P18065, P36956, P47877, P49705, P56720, P56873, Q00709, Q00973, Q09200, Q0IHY5, Q15465, Q24JP5, Q2YD98, Q3TAS6, Q58CS8, Q5QQ49, Q5UCC4, Q60416, Q60698, Q641Q3, Q68FE7, Q6AYH6, Q6DVA0, Q6P7K5, Q6UKI2, Q6WVG3, Q80WF4, Q8IW70, Q8JGM4, Q8K064

Diamond homologs: A1L2K1, Q5Q0T9, Q5RJL6, Q641Q3, Q7ZV46, Q8C1Q4, Q8VE43, Q9UJH8

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

74 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	56
Likely benign	9
Benign	4

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1224 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
17:83084936:AGC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:83084937:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:83084937:GCG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:83085319:GTCTG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
17:83093165:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:83093166:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:83093166:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:83093166:GCGCC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:83093224:TCGG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
17:83093225:CGGT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
17:83093227:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
17:83094249:C:CA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:83094252:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:83094252:ACAG:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:83094253:C:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:83094253:CAGCC:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:83094254:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:83094254:AG:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:83094254:AGCC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:83094255:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:83094255:GCC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:83094255:GCCG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:83094255:GCCGT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:83079981:GGGAG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
17:83079982:GGAG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
17:83079982:GGAGG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
17:83079983:GAG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
17:83079983:GAGG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
17:83079984:AGGT:A	donor_loss	0.9900
17:83079986:G:GC	donor_loss	0.9900

AlphaMissense

1993 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
17:83085013:G:C	W82C	0.999
17:83085013:G:T	W82C	0.999
17:83093224:T:G	F205C	0.999
17:83079977:G:C	W54C	0.998
17:83079977:G:T	W54C	0.998
17:83085222:T:G	F152C	0.998
17:83085270:T:C	F168S	0.998
17:83094358:T:G	F240C	0.998
17:83094451:T:C	F271S	0.998
17:83085011:T:A	W82R	0.997
17:83085011:T:C	W82R	0.997
17:83085270:T:G	F168C	0.997
17:83093224:T:C	F205S	0.997
17:83094445:T:G	F269C	0.997
17:83094511:T:C	F291S	0.997
17:83094511:T:G	F291C	0.997
17:83094510:T:C	F291L	0.996
17:83094512:C:A	F291L	0.996
17:83094512:C:G	F291L	0.996
17:83085039:T:A	V91D	0.995
17:83085275:T:G	Y170D	0.995
17:83093211:T:A	C201S	0.995
17:83093212:G:C	C201S	0.995
17:83094417:T:A	C260S	0.995
17:83094418:G:C	C260S	0.995
17:83094451:T:G	F271C	0.995
17:83085018:A:G	Y84C	0.994
17:83085221:T:C	F152L	0.994
17:83085223:C:A	F152L	0.994
17:83085223:C:G	F152L	0.994

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000078181 (17:83085985 T>C), RS1000091794 (17:83090980 A>G), RS1000358076 (17:83081128 C>T), RS1000489700 (17:83083682 T>C), RS1000588885 (17:83095540 C>G), RS1000723919 (17:83077823 C>T), RS1000850071 (17:83090043 T>G), RS1000932277 (17:83089061 C>T), RS1000953337 (17:83086558 C>A,G), RS1001015543 (17:83093337 C>A,T), RS1001019658 (17:83092734 T>G), RS1001365050 (17:83089199 G>A,C), RS1001443616 (17:83093529 C>T), RS1001472238 (17:83087843 G>C), RS1001631481 (17:83088002 C>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:616241 | disease phenotypes: MIM:192350

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): VACTERL/vater association (MONDO:0008642)

Orphanet (1): VACTERL/VATER association (Orphanet:887)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

10 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST004604_35	Hematocrit	1.000000e-09
GCST006976_76	Macular thickness	2.000000e-09
GCST008358_1	Response to cognitive-behavioural therapy in anxiety and major depressive disorders	2.000000e-06
GCST009365_6	LDL cholesterol levels x short total sleep time interaction (2df test)	2.000000e-09
GCST009963_18	Cataracts (operation)	6.000000e-13
GCST012013_3	Cataracts	5.000000e-06
GCST90002383_82	Hematocrit	2.000000e-12
GCST90002384_428	Hemoglobin	3.000000e-12
GCST90002394_417	Monocyte percentage of white cells	7.000000e-10
GCST90014268_39	Cataracts	4.000000e-13

EFO canonical traits (5, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004348	hematocrit
EFO:0007820	cognitive behavioural therapy
EFO:0004611	low density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004509	hemoglobin measurement
EFO:0007989	monocyte percentage of leukocytes

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

79 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	increases expression, affects expression, increases methylation, affects cotreatment	7
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression, decreases methylation	6
trichostatin A	affects expression, affects cotreatment, increases expression	4
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, affects methylation, increases abundance, affects expression	4
Cyclosporine	decreases expression, increases expression	4
Aflatoxin B1	affects expression, increases expression	4
Particulate Matter	affects methylation, decreases expression, increases abundance	3
bisphenol A	affects expression, increases methylation	2
Panobinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Acetaminophen	increases expression	2
Dexamethasone	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Estradiol	affects binding, increases expression, affects expression, increases reaction	2
Formaldehyde	increases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Cadmium Chloride	increases abundance, increases expression	2
GSK-J4	increases expression	1
bisphenol F	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
propionaldehyde	increases expression	1
2,2’-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol)	affects expression, affects response to substance	1
sodium arsenate	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate	affects expression	1
beta-lapachone	increases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
diallyl trisulfide	increases expression	1
pentanal	increases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

1 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT03799705	Not specified	COMPLETED	Genetic Variants in Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) Synthesis Pathway