MGARP

Summary

MGARP (mitochondria localized glutamic acid rich protein, HGNC:29969) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 4q31.1, encoding Protein MGARP (Q8TDB4). Plays a role in the trafficking of mitochondria along microtubules.

Predicted to be involved in several processes, including axonal transport; cellular response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone; and nervous system development. Located in mitochondrion.

Source: NCBI Gene 84709 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 15 total — 1 likely-pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_032623

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:29969
Approved symbol	MGARP
Name	mitochondria localized glutamic acid rich protein
Location	4q31.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	OSAP, CESP-1, HUMMR
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000137463
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	619684
Entrez	84709

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 2 protein_coding

ENST00000398955, ENST00000962439

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_032623 NM_032623

CCDS: CCDS43269

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000398955 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001147363	139280077	139280225
ENSE00001535760	139266165	139267041
ENSE00003473118	139268672	139268765
ENSE00003527937	139275289	139275392

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 165 present calls, max score 99.20.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 6.5970 / max 530.4827, expressed in 795 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
54054	6.3171	794
54055	0.1750	61
54056	0.1048	40

Top tissues by expression

249 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	99.20	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	98.96	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	98.90	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	98.62	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	98.59	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	98.50	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	96.97	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	95.22	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	92.75	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	84.32	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	84.04	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	83.84	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	82.79	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	82.71	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	82.42	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	82.14	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	81.98	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	81.10	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	78.53	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	78.52	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	78.37	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	76.24	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	74.68	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	74.59	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	72.82	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	72.71	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	72.68	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	71.90	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	71.62	silver quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	71.60	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-7316	yes	35.24
E-GEOD-137537	yes	30.09
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): ESR1, SP1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

62 targeting MGARP, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-485-3P	99.98	70.68	1585
HSA-MIR-539-3P	99.98	70.74	1616
HSA-MIR-548AA	99.96	70.64	3753
HSA-MIR-548AP-3P	99.96	70.64	3753
HSA-MIR-548T-3P	99.96	70.64	3753
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-559	99.95	72.28	3609
HSA-MIR-548AB	99.95	71.31	3488
HSA-MIR-548A-5P	99.94	71.27	3482
HSA-MIR-548AD-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548AE-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548AK	99.94	71.24	3488
HSA-MIR-548AM-5P	99.94	71.24	3488
HSA-MIR-548AP-5P	99.94	71.14	3489
HSA-MIR-548AQ-5P	99.94	71.34	3426
HSA-MIR-548AR-5P	99.94	71.28	3515
HSA-MIR-548AS-5P	99.94	71.22	3482
HSA-MIR-548AU-5P	99.94	71.24	3488
HSA-MIR-548AY-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548B-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548BB-5P	99.94	71.27	3509
HSA-MIR-548C-5P	99.94	71.24	3488
HSA-MIR-548D-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548H-5P	99.94	71.24	3488
HSA-MIR-548I	99.94	71.25	3481
HSA-MIR-548J-5P	99.94	71.14	3489
HSA-MIR-548O-5P	99.94	71.24	3488
HSA-MIR-548W	99.94	71.24	3488
HSA-MIR-548Y	99.94	71.28	3514

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 5)

• OSAP is prominently expressed in steroidogenic tissues; results suggest that OSAP is involved in steroidogenesis, potentially through its ability to maintain mitochondrial abundance and morphology (PMID:19325000)
• Results identify a novel mitochondria protein, hypoxia up-regulated mitochondrial movement regulator (HUMMR), which is expressed in neurons and is markedly induced by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha). (PMID:19528298)
• Results identify a mitochondria-localized glutamic acid-rich protein (MGARP/OSAP) as one of the highly expressed proteins in retina. (PMID:20107910)
• The present study identified a proximal core sequence in the MGARP promoter that is composed of two enriched Sp1 binding motifs and established Sp1 as one major MGARP transactivator. (PMID:23209644)
• MGARP overexpression caused both mitochondrial remodeling and cristae shaping, leading to the collapse of the mitochondrial network. The mitochondrial morphologies in MGARP-overexpressing cells were diverse; the cells became round or short, and their cristae were deformed and became discontinuous or circular. (PMID:31202457)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	mgarpa	ENSDARG00000071353
mus_musculus	Mgarp	ENSMUSG00000037161
rattus_norvegicus	Mgarp	ENSRNOG00000011923

Protein

Protein identifiers

Protein MGARP — Q8TDB4 (reviewed: Q8TDB4)

Alternative names: Corneal endothelium-specific protein 1, Hypoxia up-regulated mitochondrial movement regulator protein, Mitochondria-localized glutamic acid-rich protein, Ovary-specific acidic protein

All UniProt accessions (1): Q8TDB4

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Plays a role in the trafficking of mitochondria along microtubules. Regulates the kinesin-mediated axonal transport of mitochondria to nerve terminals along microtubules during hypoxia. Participates in the translocation of TRAK2/GRIF1 from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrion. Also plays a role in steroidogenesis through maintenance of mitochondrial abundance and morphology. Plays an inhibitory role during neocortex development by regulating mitochondrial morphology, distribution and motility in neocortical neurons.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with RHOT1/Miro-1, TRAK1/OIP106 and TRAK2/GRIF1. Interacts with RHOT2/Miro-2.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion. Mitochondrion outer membrane. Mitochondrion inner membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in the brain, adrenal gland and corneal endothelium (CE). Expressed in steroid-producing cells of the ovary and testis (at protein level). Expressed in steroid-producing cells of the ovary and testis. Weakly expressed in placenta. Expressed in corneal endothelial cells.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_116012* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR026093	MGARP	Family
IPR032773	MGARP_N	Domain

Pfam: PF14962

UniProt features (11 total): compositionally biased region 4, topological domain 2, chain 1, sequence conflict 1, transmembrane region 1, region of interest 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8TDB4-F1	55.28	0.04

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 171 (showing top): GSE45365_CTRL_VS_MCMV_INFECTION_NK_CELL_DN, GOBP_DENDRITE_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_NITROGEN_COMPOUND, BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, GOBP_AXO_DENDRITIC_TRANSPORT, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_LIPID, GOBP_PROTEIN_TARGETING, GOBP_NEUROGENESIS, GOBP_ORGANELLE_TRANSPORT_ALONG_MICROTUBULE, GOBP_ESTABLISHMENT_OF_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_ORGANELLE, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_CONTAINING_COMPOUND, GOBP_FOREBRAIN_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_MITOCHONDRION_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_PROJECTION_ORGANIZATION

GO Biological Process (11): obsolete protein targeting to mitochondrion (GO:0006626), anterograde axonal transport (GO:0008089), retrograde axonal transport (GO:0008090), regulation of mitochondrion organization (GO:0010821), axonal transport of mitochondrion (GO:0019896), cerebral cortex development (GO:0021987), axon development (GO:0061564), cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus (GO:0071383), cellular response to hypoxia (GO:0071456), cellular response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GO:0097211), negative regulation of dendrite development (GO:2000171)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (5): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial outer membrane (GO:0005741), mitochondrial inner membrane (GO:0005743), axon cytoplasm (GO:1904115), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
axonal transport	3
axon cytoplasm	3
mitochondrial membrane	2
mitochondrion organization	1
regulation of organelle organization	1
mitochondrion transport along microtubule	1
pallium development	1
anatomical structure development	1
neuron projection development	1
cellular response to hormone stimulus	1
response to steroid hormone	1
cellular response to lipid	1
response to hypoxia	1
cellular response to stress	1
cellular response to decreased oxygen levels	1
cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus	1
response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone	1
negative regulation of neuron projection development	1
dendrite development	1
regulation of dendrite development	1
negative regulation of developmental process	1
binding	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
organelle outer membrane	1
organelle inner membrane	1
axon	1
neuron projection cytoplasm	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1036 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
MGARP	FAM228B	P0C875	450
MGARP	SDHAF1	A6NFY7	435
MGARP	THOC7	Q6I9Y2	429
MGARP	TRAK2	O60296	419
MGARP	NFU1	Q9UMS0	408
MGARP	TRAK1	Q9UPV9	391
MGARP	SYBU	Q9NX95	381
MGARP	CMSS1	Q9BQ75	379
MGARP	MZF1	P28698	378
MGARP	OR4D5	Q8NGN0	377
MGARP	SNPH	O15079	371
MGARP	ST6GAL2	Q96JF0	371
MGARP	SLC35G1	Q2M3R5	368
MGARP	KIFBP	Q96EK5	364
MGARP	RGCC	Q9H4X1	346

IntAct

106 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
MGARP	A2M	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MGARP	APBB2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MGARP	APP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MGARP	DNM2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MGARP	TOR1A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MGARP		psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MGARP	MECP2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PRKN	MGARP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MGARP	PMP22	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MGARP	PSEN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PSEN2	MGARP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MGARP	SMN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MGARP	OPTN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GDAP1	MGARP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MGARP	ALS2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SOD1	MGARP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
APP	MGARP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SNCA	MGARP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
HTT	MGARP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ATXN1	MGARP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560

BioGRID (225): MGARP (Two-hybrid), MGARP (Affinity Capture-MS), RHOT1 (Affinity Capture-Western), RHOT2 (Affinity Capture-Western), TRAK2 (Affinity Capture-Western), TRAK1 (Affinity Capture-Western), MGARP (Affinity Capture-Western), MGARP (Affinity Capture-Western), MGARP (Co-fractionation), SDF4 (Co-fractionation), GRPEL1 (Co-fractionation), MGARP (Co-fractionation), FKBP10 (Co-fractionation), MGARP (Co-fractionation), RCN3 (Co-fractionation)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2TJV2, A6QLZ1, O15231, O75363, O75952, P19332, P20810, P24275, P24588, P27123, P27546, P27816, P36225, P49342, P51125, P62025, Q02952, Q16799, Q3T0A6, Q3ZB98, Q4R3X7, Q571C7, Q5FVI4, Q5IS59, Q5M7W5, Q5QD51, Q62394, Q64548, Q6FW26, Q6RJR6, Q710D7, Q7TT18, Q80YN3, Q811Q2, Q8BHB9, Q8C4A5, Q8GUP3, Q8K0T0, Q8N111, Q8TDB4

Diamond homologs: A6QLZ1, Q8TDB4, Q8VI64

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 25 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
adult locomotory behavior	5	65.4×	3e-06
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	5	24.1×	2e-04
positive regulation of apoptotic process	7	17.3×	1e-05
negative regulation of gene expression	5	15.0×	9e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

15 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	1
Uncertain significance	11
Likely benign	2
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
3338450	GRCh37/hg19 4q31.1(chr4:140187697-140394334)x1	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

700 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
4:139275287:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
4:139275288:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
4:139275391:TG:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:139275392:GCT:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:139275393:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:139275393:C:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:139268667:TTTA:T	donor_loss	0.9900
4:139268668:TTACC:T	donor_loss	0.9900
4:139268669:TACC:T	donor_loss	0.9900
4:139268670:A:T	donor_loss	0.9900
4:139268671:CCTT:C	donor_loss	0.9900
4:139268766:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:139275388:AGATG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:139275389:GATG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:139275390:ATG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:139279888:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
4:139279889:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
4:139279891:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9900
4:139280075:ACCGT:A	donor_gain	0.9900
4:139280076:CCGTC:C	donor_gain	0.9900
4:139267039:CACCT:C	acceptor_loss	0.9800
4:139267040:ACC:A	acceptor_loss	0.9800
4:139267041:CC:C	acceptor_loss	0.9800
4:139267044:T:TC	acceptor_gain	0.9800
4:139275308:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9800
4:139275309:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9800
4:139279892:C:A	donor_gain	0.9800
4:139280066:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9800
4:139267042:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9700
4:139267051:T:TC	acceptor_gain	0.9700

AlphaMissense

1540 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
4:139275304:A:C	S57R	0.998
4:139275304:A:T	S57R	0.998
4:139275306:T:G	S57R	0.998
4:139275302:G:T	A58D	0.996
4:139275308:A:T	V56D	0.996
4:139275299:C:T	G59D	0.995
4:139275318:C:G	G53R	0.994
4:139275317:C:T	G53D	0.993
4:139275314:A:T	V54D	0.992
4:139275311:G:T	T55K	0.989
4:139275320:A:T	V52E	0.989
4:139275296:C:T	G60E	0.986
4:139275300:C:G	G59R	0.986
4:139275303:C:G	A58P	0.986
4:139275311:G:C	T55R	0.985
4:139275323:A:T	V51D	0.985
4:139275294:A:C	Y61D	0.984
4:139275297:C:G	G60R	0.984
4:139275297:C:T	G60R	0.984
4:139275326:A:T	L50Q	0.973
4:139268762:A:C	Y64D	0.968
4:139275326:A:C	L50R	0.966
4:139268764:G:T	A63D	0.963
4:139275291:A:C	Y62D	0.950
4:139280139:A:T	V7D	0.946
4:139275333:A:C	Y48D	0.940
4:139275326:A:G	L50P	0.938
4:139275305:C:T	S57N	0.933
4:139275294:A:T	Y61N	0.932
4:139280145:C:A	R5M	0.930

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000293754 (4:139278962 G>C), RS1000327890 (4:139273510 CTTTTTTTTTTTTT>C,CTT,CTTT,CTTTT,CTTTTT,CTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT,CTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT), RS1000380191 (4:139273254 C>T), RS1000380717 (4:139266563 A>G), RS1000582062 (4:139279248 C>G,T), RS1000611732 (4:139279584 C>T), RS1000664751 (4:139272086 A>G), RS1000950358 (4:139267747 G>A), RS1002237315 (4:139275741 A>G,T), RS1002308080 (4:139281713 A>G,T), RS1002555266 (4:139275487 C>T), RS1002599956 (4:139282076 T>A), RS1002624603 (4:139276933 A>G), RS1002912917 (4:139275760 A>T), RS1002957863 (4:139271283 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:619684 | disease phenotypes: MIM:617787

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 50 (MONDO:0030916)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST90000654_16	Central corneal thickness	4.000000e-11

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0005213	central corneal thickness

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

55 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression	7
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment	4
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression, increases expression	2
bisphenol A	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
trichostatin A	increases expression	2
potassium chromate(VI)	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
entinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Arsenic	affects methylation, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Tretinoin	increases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
alpha phellandrene	increases expression	1
propionaldehyde	increases expression	1
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenite	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
cobaltous chloride	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
manganese chloride	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
nickel sulfate	increases expression	1
isobutyl alcohol	increases abundance, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
mercuric bromide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
epigallocatechin gallate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
pentanal	increases expression	1
chromium hexavalent ion	decreases expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
licochalcone B	increases expression	1
bisphenol S	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.