MGST2

gene
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Also known as MGST-II

Summary

MGST2 (microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2, HGNC:7063) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 4q31.1, encoding Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (Q99735). Catalyzes several different glutathione-dependent reactions.

The MAPEG (Membrane Associated Proteins in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism) family consists of six human proteins, several of which are involved in the production of leukotrienes and prostaglandin E, important mediators of inflammation. This gene encodes a protein which catalyzes the conjugation of leukotriene A4 and reduced glutathione to produce leukotriene C4. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 4258 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 1
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 33 total
  • Druggable target: yes
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_002413

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:7063
Approved symbolMGST2
Namemicrosomal glutathione S-transferase 2
Location4q31.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesMGST-II
Ensembl geneENSG00000085871
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM601733
Entrez4258

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 14 — 10 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 retained_intron, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000265498, ENST00000502587, ENST00000503816, ENST00000506797, ENST00000515067, ENST00000515137, ENST00000616265, ENST00000899645, ENST00000899646, ENST00000899647, ENST00000899648, ENST00000899649, ENST00000933959, ENST00000971596

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_002413 NM_001204366, NM_001204367, NM_001204368, NM_002413

CCDS: CCDS3749, CCDS56339

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000265498 — 5 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001192223139704016139704243
ENSE00003492491139695197139695267
ENSE00003505860139703455139703536
ENSE00003675009139678543139678642
ENSE00003847049139665819139666077

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 288 present calls, max score 98.46.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 21.0556 / max 250.8759, expressed in 1754 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (9 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
497599.28551701
497605.98161461
497663.2986861
497610.8637525
497650.7501377
497640.3665222
497620.191172
497630.160771
497670.157767

Top tissues by expression

295 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499198.46gold quality
secondary oocyteCL:000065598.29gold quality
esophagus mucosaUBERON:000246998.27gold quality
lower esophagus mucosaUBERON:003583498.24gold quality
rectumUBERON:000105298.21gold quality
right lobe of liverUBERON:000111498.12gold quality
tongue squamous epitheliumUBERON:000691997.83gold quality
oocyteCL:000002397.82gold quality
esophagus squamous epitheliumUBERON:000692097.71gold quality
gall bladderUBERON:000211097.70gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosaUBERON:000538697.61gold quality
right adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582797.60gold quality
right adrenal glandUBERON:000123397.54gold quality
squamous epitheliumUBERON:000691497.44gold quality
epithelium of esophagusUBERON:000197697.36gold quality
left adrenal glandUBERON:000123497.27gold quality
apex of heartUBERON:000209897.20gold quality
left adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582597.20gold quality
cervix squamous epitheliumUBERON:000692297.12gold quality
pharyngeal mucosaUBERON:000035597.10gold quality
duodenumUBERON:000211497.07gold quality
adrenal cortexUBERON:000123597.03gold quality
minor salivary glandUBERON:000183096.96gold quality
right atrium auricular regionUBERON:000663196.94gold quality
liverUBERON:000210796.93gold quality
mouth mucosaUBERON:000372996.92gold quality
adrenal tissueUBERON:001830396.90gold quality
gingival epitheliumUBERON:000194996.83gold quality
skin of abdomenUBERON:000141696.71gold quality
adrenal glandUBERON:000236996.67gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 15 experiment(s), a significant marker in 14.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-MTAB-8142yes1290.14
E-HCAD-1yes218.89
E-MTAB-10287yes92.89
E-MTAB-6701yes51.23
E-MTAB-8410yes46.83
E-GEOD-134144yes46.79
E-HCAD-11yes45.18
E-CURD-46yes27.12
E-ANND-3yes16.56
E-HCAD-10yes14.83
E-CURD-112yes10.79
E-MTAB-9388yes10.68
E-MTAB-10553yes6.56
E-GEOD-130148yes4.82
E-MTAB-6678no3.30

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

7 targeting MGST2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-808799.9069.551351
HSA-MIR-556-3P99.7468.751203
HSA-MIR-7161-5P99.6868.921592
HSA-MIR-548U99.6567.781463
HSA-MIR-2276-3P98.7667.751384
HSA-MIR-10526-3P97.8664.971342
HSA-MIR-4724-3P97.5767.31785

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

  • A large Chinese sample of psoriasis did not provide any supporting evidence for MGST2 to be the psoriasis susceptibility gene within the PSORS9 locus. (PMID:16773312)
  • characterized the substrate specificity and catalytic properties of purified MGST2 by steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetic experiments (PMID:23409838)
  • Trimeric microsomal protein MGST2 displays one third of the sites reactivity. (PMID:26066610)
  • Crystal structures of human MGST2 reveal synchronized conformational changes regulating catalysis. (PMID:33741927)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriomgst2ENSDARG00000071345
mus_musculusMgst2ENSMUSG00000074604
rattus_norvegicusMgst2ENSRNOG00000061857

Paralogs (3): ALOX5AP (ENSG00000132965), MGST3 (ENSG00000143198), LTC4S (ENSG00000213316)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2Q99735 (reviewed: Q99735)

Alternative names: Glutathione peroxidase MGST2, Leukotriene C4 synthase MGST2, Microsomal glutathione S-transferase II

All UniProt accessions (1): Q99735

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Catalyzes several different glutathione-dependent reactions. Catalyzes the glutathione-dependent reduction of lipid hydroperoxides, such as 5-HPETE. Has glutathione transferase activity, toward xenobiotic electrophiles, such as 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Also catalyzes the conjugation of leukotriene A4 with reduced glutathione to form leukotriene C4 (LTC4). Involved in oxidative DNA damage induced by ER stress and anticancer agents by activating LTC4 biosynthetic machinery in nonimmune cells.

Subunit / interactions. Homotrimer.

Subcellular location. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Microsome membrane.

Tissue specificity. Liver, spleen, skeletal muscle, heart, adrenals, pancreas, prostate, testis, fetal liver, and fetal spleen. Very low expression in lung, brain, placenta and bone marrow. Abundantly expressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (at protein level).

Activity regulation. Each monomer can bind on GSH molecule but only one subunit is catalytically active.

Induction. Upon ER stress with brefeldin A or with tunicamycin, MGST2 is down-regulated, in several non-haematopoietic cell types, during the early, protective phase of the unfolded protein response (UPR), and up-regulated at the late, death-promoting phase of the unfolded protein response (UPR).

Similarity. Belongs to the MAPEG family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q99735-11yes
Q99735-22

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001191295, NP_001191296, NP_001191297, NP_002404* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR001129Membr-assoc_MAPEGFamily
IPR0014465_LipOase_APFamily
IPR018295FLAP/GST2/LTC4S_CSConserved_site
IPR023352MAPEG-like_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR050997MAPEGFamily

Pfam: PF01124

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 4 shown:

  • RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+) (RHEA:16437)
  • leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione (RHEA:17617)
  • (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O (RHEA:48620)
  • 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+) (RHEA:51220)

UniProt features (11 total): helix 5, transmembrane region 3, chain 1, splice variant 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

4 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
6SSSX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.5
6SSUX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.5
6SSWX-RAY DIFFRACTION3
6SSRX-RAY DIFFRACTION3.8

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q99735-F194.540.87

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

5 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-156590Glutathione conjugation
R-HSA-5423646Aflatoxin activation and detoxification
R-HSA-1430728Metabolism
R-HSA-156580Phase II - Conjugation of compounds
R-HSA-211859Biological oxidations

MSigDB gene sets: 329 (showing top): REACTOME_BIOLOGICAL_OXIDATIONS, BUYTAERT_PHOTODYNAMIC_THERAPY_STRESS_DN, GOBP_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE, HSIAO_HOUSEKEEPING_GENES, LUCAS_HNF4A_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_LEUKOTRIENE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MEMBRANE_LIPID_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANIC_ACID_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOMF_GLUTATHIONE_TRANSFERASE_ACTIVITY, GOBP_PEPTIDE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_RESPONSE_TO_EXTERNAL_STIMULUS, GOBP_SMALL_MOLECULE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, MODULE_75, ONKEN_UVEAL_MELANOMA_UP, GOBP_SULFUR_COMPOUND_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (9): lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629), glutathione biosynthetic process (GO:0006750), leukotriene biosynthetic process (GO:0019370), response to lipopolysaccharide (GO:0032496), obsolete membrane lipid catabolic process (GO:0046466), positive regulation of inflammatory response (GO:0050729), leukotriene metabolic process (GO:0006691), carboxylic acid biosynthetic process (GO:0046394), cellular oxidant detoxification (GO:0098869)

GO Molecular Function (10): glutathione transferase activity (GO:0004364), leukotriene-C4 synthase activity (GO:0004464), glutathione peroxidase activity (GO:0004602), enzyme activator activity (GO:0008047), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), glutathione binding (GO:0043295), protein binding (GO:0005515), oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491), transferase activity (GO:0016740), lyase activity (GO:0016829)

GO Cellular Component (6): nuclear envelope (GO:0005635), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), endoplasmic reticulum membrane (GO:0005789), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020), intracellular membrane-bounded organelle (GO:0043231)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Biological oxidations2
Phase II - Conjugation of compounds1
Metabolism1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
catalytic activity4
endomembrane system2
primary metabolic process1
glutathione metabolic process1
nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process1
modified amino acid biosynthetic process1
sulfur compound biosynthetic process1
leukotriene metabolic process1
icosanoid biosynthetic process1
response to molecule of bacterial origin1
response to lipid1
response to oxygen-containing compound1
inflammatory response1
positive regulation of defense response1
positive regulation of response to external stimulus1
regulation of inflammatory response1
icosanoid metabolic process1
carboxylic acid metabolic process1
small molecule biosynthetic process1
cellular detoxification1
transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups1
carbon-sulfur lyase activity1
peroxidase activity1
enzyme regulator activity1
molecular function activator activity1
protein binding1
anion binding1
modified amino acid binding1
oligopeptide binding1
sulfur compound binding1
binding1
nucleus1
organelle envelope1
cytoplasm1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
organelle membrane1
nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network1
endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment1
membrane1
cell periphery1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

636 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
MGST2MGST1P10620968
MGST2PTGESO14684850
MGST2HPGDSO60760740
MGST2GSTO1P78417591
MGST2GPX2P18283554
MGST2GSTK1Q9Y2Q3515
MGST2MGST3O14880509
MGST2GSTO2Q9H4Y5499
MGST2GSTM4Q03013446
MGST2GSTP1P09211444
MGST2GSTM2P28161431
MGST2GSTA5Q7RTV2429
MGST2GSTA1P08263428
MGST2CHAC2Q8WUX2397
MGST2GSTT2BP0CG30391

IntAct

83 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
RELL2OXSR1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.830
MGST2CREB3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
GIMAP5MGST2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
STX8MGST2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
TTMPMGST2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
BCL2L10MGST2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
MGST2GPX8psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
MGST2TMEM167Bpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
SGCBMGST2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CTXN3MGST2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
PNKPMGST2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CREB3L1MGST2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
SEC22AMGST2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
DNAJC30MGST2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
PLNMGST2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
MGST2STX8psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
VAMP3MGST2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
GJA8MGST2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
MGST2BCL2L10psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560

BioGRID (43): CREB3 (Two-hybrid), MGST2 (Reconstituted Complex), MGST2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MGST2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MGST2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MGST2 (Two-hybrid), MGST2 (Two-hybrid), MGST2 (Two-hybrid), ASIC1 (Two-hybrid), C3orf52 (Two-hybrid), SEC22A (Two-hybrid), GJA8 (Two-hybrid), BCL2L2 (Two-hybrid), BCL2L10 (Two-hybrid), CREB3L1 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A2I1C3V3, A0SYQ0, A1L2F6, A2RST1, A4DA06, A6XA80, A8X8R3, J7FIJ6, O14684, O14880, O74507, O94511, P08011, P0DN89, P10620, P64515, P64516, P70245, P73795, P79382, Q15125, Q16873, Q17428, Q28GF8, Q296J9, Q2KJG4, Q2NKS0, Q3T100, Q41745, Q54GA9, Q57ZC7, Q5R9A6, Q60490, Q60860, Q64L89, Q6GNM0, Q6GPW4, Q6PWL6, Q8HZJ2, Q91VS7

Diamond homologs: A2RST1, A6XA80, O14880, P20291, P20292, P30353, P30354, P30355, P30356, P30357, P30358, P73795, Q148F2, Q16873, Q2KJG4, Q2NKS0, Q2PG08, Q3T100, Q60860, Q925U2, Q99735, Q9CPU4, Q54GA9

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

33 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance20
Likely benign1
Benign2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1728 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
4:139666073:GCAAA:Gdonor_gain1.0000
4:139666078:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
4:139678643:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
4:139725833:CTG:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
4:139666076:AA:Adonor_gain0.9900
4:139666091:G:Tdonor_gain0.9900
4:139678638:GCACA:Gdonor_gain0.9900
4:139679224:G:GTdonor_gain0.9900
4:139685567:G:GTdonor_gain0.9900
4:139703453:A:AGacceptor_gain0.9900
4:139703454:G:GGacceptor_gain0.9900
4:139725745:CCTCA:Cdonor_loss0.9900
4:139725746:CTCA:Cdonor_loss0.9900
4:139725747:T:TAdonor_loss0.9900
4:139725748:CA:Cdonor_loss0.9900
4:139725749:A:AAdonor_loss0.9900
4:139725750:C:Adonor_loss0.9900
4:139725832:ACTGC:Aacceptor_gain0.9900
4:139725833:CTGCT:Cacceptor_gain0.9900
4:139725834:TG:Tacceptor_gain0.9900
4:139725836:C:CCacceptor_gain0.9900
4:139730410:TGTTA:Tdonor_loss0.9900
4:139730411:GTTAC:Gdonor_loss0.9900
4:139730412:TTACC:Tdonor_loss0.9900
4:139730413:TA:Tdonor_loss0.9900
4:139730414:A:AGdonor_loss0.9900
4:139730415:C:CTdonor_loss0.9900
4:139666075:AAAG:Adonor_loss0.9800
4:139666076:AAGTA:Adonor_loss0.9800
4:139666077:AGTA:Adonor_loss0.9800

AlphaMissense

932 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
4:139695240:T:AW68R0.986
4:139695240:T:CW68R0.986
4:139678620:T:CF46L0.985
4:139678622:T:AF46L0.985
4:139678622:T:GF46L0.985
4:139703472:G:CG83R0.983
4:139703494:G:CR90P0.982
4:139703505:T:CF94L0.982
4:139703507:C:AF94L0.982
4:139703507:C:GF94L0.982
4:139704035:A:CS111R0.982
4:139704037:T:AS111R0.982
4:139704037:T:GS111R0.982
4:139695203:C:AN55K0.979
4:139695203:C:GN55K0.979
4:139703473:G:AG83D0.979
4:139678636:G:CR51P0.978
4:139703493:C:AR90S0.973
4:139695199:A:CQ54P0.968
4:139703514:T:CY97H0.968
4:139678573:G:CR30T0.967
4:139695225:T:CF63L0.965
4:139695227:C:AF63L0.965
4:139695227:C:GF63L0.965
4:139704068:G:CG122R0.965
4:139678569:G:CA29P0.964
4:139695249:G:TG71W0.964
4:139678574:A:CR30S0.963
4:139678574:A:TR30S0.963
4:139678639:C:AA52E0.960

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000018558 (4:139695392 T>A,C), RS1000019076 (4:139715245 G>A), RS1000050834 (4:139716498 C>T), RS1000106388 (4:139722771 A>C), RS1000124257 (4:139714837 G>A), RS1000125134 (4:139720676 G>A,C), RS1000142634 (4:139677999 G>A,C), RS1000214299 (4:139739878 T>C), RS1000222 (4:139666831 G>A), RS1000245144 (4:139754888 C>A,T), RS1000258833 (4:139671188 C>T), RS1000269194 (4:139694873 A>C), RS1000306338 (4:139748378 T>C), RS1000306762 (4:139741243 A>C), RS1000320326 (4:139708205 G>A,C,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:601733 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST009391_1771Metabolite levels2.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0010478fructose-1-phosphate measurement
EFO:0010479fructose-6-phosphate measurement
EFO:0010484glucose-1-phosphate measurement
EFO:0010485glucose-6-phosphate measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL1743185 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

73 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation, decreases expression, increases expression, increases methylation4
Cyclosporinedecreases expression, affects cotreatment4
Acetaminophendecreases expression, affects cotreatment3
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxindecreases expression3
Valproic Acidincreases expression3
nefazodoneaffects cotreatment, decreases expression2
entinostatincreases expression, affects cotreatment2
Temozolomideaffects response to substance, increases expression2
Chenodeoxycholic Acidaffects cotreatment, decreases expression2
Cisplatinaffects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression2
Deoxycholic Acidaffects cotreatment, decreases expression2
Glycochenodeoxycholic Acidaffects cotreatment, decreases expression2
Glycocholic Acidaffects cotreatment, decreases expression2
Glycodeoxycholic Acidaffects cotreatment, decreases expression2
Phenylmercuric Acetateaffects cotreatment, increases expression2
Tobacco Smoke Pollutiondecreases expression2
bismuth tripotassium dicitrateincreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
bisphenol Aaffects expression1
2,2’-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol)affects response to substance, affects expression1
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoateincreases expression1
trichostatin Aincreases expression1
3,4,5,3’,4’-pentachlorobiphenyldecreases expression1
indirubindecreases expression1
potassium chromate(VI)decreases expression1
beta-methylcholineaffects expression1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic aciddecreases expression1
azaspiracidincreases expression1
K 7174decreases expression1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, increases expression1

ChEMBL screening assays

1 unique, capped per target: 1 admet

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL1743240ADMETSubstrates for human microsomal glutathione transferase MGST2Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology The Basic Science of Poisons, 7th edition

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.