MIEN1

gene
On this page

Also known as MGC14832ORB3XTP4C35Rdx12

Summary

MIEN1 (migration and invasion enhancer 1, HGNC:28230) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17q12, encoding Migration and invasion enhancer 1 (Q9BRT3). Increases cell migration by inducing filopodia formation at the leading edge of migrating cells.

Involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process; positive regulation of cell migration; and positive regulation of filopodium assembly. Located in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane and cytosol.

Source: NCBI Gene 84299 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 9
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 10 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_032339

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:28230
Approved symbolMIEN1
Namemigration and invasion enhancer 1
Location17q12
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesMGC14832, ORB3, XTP4, C35, Rdx12
Ensembl geneENSG00000141741
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM611802
Entrez84299

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 8 — 4 protein_coding, 3 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000394231, ENST00000469568, ENST00000474210, ENST00000498164, ENST00000577810, ENST00000582963, ENST00000935317, ENST00000935318

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_032339 NM_001330206, NM_032339

CCDS: CCDS11344, CCDS82115

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000394231 — 4 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000009506673973019439730291
ENSE000018488413973040739730532
ENSE000034803613972851039729605
ENSE000036850363972968539729761

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 255 present calls, max score 97.66.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 35.2147 / max 275.7347, expressed in 1823 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
16562329.42831820
1656224.65571726
1656211.1307531

Top tissues by expression

256 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499197.66gold quality
putamenUBERON:000187497.44gold quality
caudate nucleusUBERON:000187397.40gold quality
ileal mucosaUBERON:000033197.17gold quality
nucleus accumbensUBERON:000188296.62gold quality
apex of heartUBERON:000209896.55gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cordUBERON:000646996.53gold quality
lower esophagus mucosaUBERON:003583496.45gold quality
amygdalaUBERON:000187695.94gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009495.93gold quality
anterior cingulate cortexUBERON:000983595.93gold quality
spinal cordUBERON:000224095.89gold quality
prefrontal cortexUBERON:000045195.86gold quality
body of stomachUBERON:000116195.70gold quality
right frontal lobeUBERON:000281095.70gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9UBERON:001354095.64gold quality
kidney epitheliumUBERON:000481995.61gold quality
substantia nigraUBERON:000203895.56gold quality
hypothalamusUBERON:000189895.50gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortexUBERON:000983495.38gold quality
metanephros cortexUBERON:001053395.35gold quality
right atrium auricular regionUBERON:000663195.27gold quality
adenohypophysisUBERON:000219695.20gold quality
adult mammalian kidneyUBERON:000008295.09gold quality
transverse colonUBERON:000115795.05gold quality
islet of LangerhansUBERON:000000695.02gold quality
midbrainUBERON:000189194.99gold quality
saliva-secreting glandUBERON:000104494.98gold quality
cardiac atriumUBERON:000208194.96gold quality
middle temporal gyrusUBERON:000277194.95gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 4 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-GEOD-75688yes1769.16
E-CURD-10no226.81
E-CURD-112no2.48
E-ANND-3no0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

52 targeting MIEN1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6870-5P99.9968.552115
HSA-MIR-4723-5P99.9768.702034
HSA-MIR-569899.9768.492029
HSA-MIR-7111-5P99.9768.482062
HSA-MIR-6825-5P99.9669.813431
HSA-MIR-3912-5P99.9566.11925
HSA-MIR-450B-5P99.9271.483175
HSA-MIR-444799.8567.812900
HSA-MIR-60999.8264.26505
HSA-MIR-6794-5P99.7666.381048
HSA-MIR-425599.7267.701541
HSA-MIR-317599.6566.302031
HSA-MIR-613499.6365.681537
HSA-MIR-451699.6167.783390
HSA-MIR-6797-5P99.6166.552084
HSA-MIR-127599.4767.902749
HSA-MIR-132499.4666.571302
HSA-MIR-4652-3P99.3370.022742
HSA-MIR-450599.2767.812678
HSA-MIR-578799.2267.862628
HSA-MIR-429299.1665.571767
HSA-MIR-6791-5P99.1665.921844
HSA-MIR-478499.1567.411733
HSA-MIR-510099.1167.521098
HSA-MIR-425499.1165.151315
HSA-MIR-625-5P99.0268.642031
HSA-MIR-6889-3P98.8467.351198
HSA-MIR-3150B-3P98.8167.211728
HSA-MIR-502-5P98.7766.51906
HSA-MIR-6769B-5P98.7364.911092

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 19)

  • MGC14832 gene is located within human chromosome 17q12 amplicon, including PPP1R1B, STARD3, TCAP, PNMT, ERBB2, MGC14832 and GRB7 genes. PPP1R1B ~ ERBB2 ~ GRB7 locus is amplified in human gastric cancer and breast cancer. (PMID:12739007)
  • Oncogenomic recombination hotspot around the PPP1R1B-STARD3-TCAP-PNMT-PERLD1-ERBB2-C17orf37-GRB7 amplicon at human chromosome 17q12 is closely linked to evolutionary recombination hotspot around the GSDML-GSDM locus. (PMID:15010812)
  • Data strongly suggest C17orf37 overexpression in prostate cancer functionally enhances migration and invasion of tumor cells, and is an important target for cancer therapy. (PMID:19503095)
  • Inhibition of C35 gene expression by small interfering RNA induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells. (PMID:21068479)
  • prenylation is required for the function of the C17orf37 protein in cancer cells (PMID:21628459)
  • Results suggest that MIEN1 may have an important regulatory role in phosphorylation of AKT with its redox potential. (PMID:23284973)
  • results suggest that DeltaNp73 might cooperate with C35 to promote tumour progression and contribute to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. (PMID:23880825)
  • While MIEN1 is a direct target of miR-940, miR-940 alters MIEN1 RNA. (PMID:25406943)
  • MIEN1 expression not only positively correlates with oral cancer progression but also seems to be a critical molecular determinant in migration and invasion of oral cancer cells. (PMID:25996585)
  • C35 might serve as a biomarker or therapeutic target for management of colorectal cancer. (PMID:26173296)
  • MIEN1, a novel interactor of Annexin A2, promotes tumor cell migration by enhancing AnxA2 cell surface expression. (PMID:26272794)
  • In conclusion, this study revealed that miR-26b suppresses NSCLC metastasis by targeting MIEN1 via NF-kappaB/MMP-9/VEGF pathways, implicating a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment. (PMID:26827826)
  • Data show that migration and invasion enhancer 1 (MIEN1) plays an essential role in maintaining the plasticity of the dynamic membrane-associated actin cytoskeleton, which leads to an increase in cell motility, suggesting targeting MIEN1 might represent a promising means to prevent breast tumor metastasis. (PMID:27462783)
  • these results suggest the MIEN1 promoter has a short interspersed nuclear Alu element region that is hypermethylated in normal cells leading to repression of the gene; in cancer, the hypomethylation of a part of this repeat, in addition to the binding of USF, results in MIEN1 expression (PMID:27589566)
  • indicate that MIEN1 overexpression may facilitate migration and invasion in breast cancer (PMID:28198505)
  • Down-regulation of C35 decreased the cell viability and migration of breast ductal carcinoma cells. (PMID:28859163)
  • data identified that the promotion of gastric cancer (GC) growth and metastasis induced by circRNA_100876 interacted with miR-136 and MIEN1, indicating an emerging announcement for uncovering the potential mechanism of GC progression (PMID:32305633)
  • MiR-124-5p Inhibits the Progression of Gastric Cancer by Targeting MIEN1. (PMID:33349155)
  • Short peptides based on the conserved regions of MIEN1 protein exhibit anticancer activity by targeting the MIEN1 signaling pathway. (PMID:38272230)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_rerioselenow2aENSDARG00000038228
danio_rerioselenow2bENSDARG00000089936
mus_musculusMien1ENSMUSG00000002580
rattus_norvegicusMien1ENSRNOG00000007227
drosophila_melanogasterCG15456FBGN0040650

Paralogs (2): SELENOW (ENSG00000178980), SELENOV (ENSG00000186838)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Migration and invasion enhancer 1Q9BRT3 (reviewed: Q9BRT3)

Alternative names: HBV X-transactivated gene 4 protein, HBV XAg-transactivated protein 4, Protein C35

All UniProt accessions (2): J3KTI2, Q9BRT3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Increases cell migration by inducing filopodia formation at the leading edge of migrating cells. Plays a role in regulation of apoptosis, possibly through control of CASP3. May be involved in a redox-related process.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with GPX1.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cytosol. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Among normal tissues, present only in Leydig cells. Strongly up-regulated in breast cancers and in brain cancer distant metastasis (at protein level). Up-regulated in prostate cancer cells and in the higher grades of prostate adenocarcinoma (at protein level).

Post-translational modifications. Isoprenylation facilitates association with the plasma membrane and enhances the migratory phenotype of cells by inducing increased filopodia formation.

Similarity. Belongs to the SelWTH family.

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001317135, NP_115715* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR011893Selenoprotein_Rdx-typFamily
IPR036249Thioredoxin-like_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR051441SelW_relatedFamily

Pfam: PF10262

UniProt features (22 total): strand 5, turn 4, helix 3, mutagenesis site 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, propeptide 1, region of interest 1, compositionally biased region 1, modified residue 1, lipid moiety-binding region 1, disulfide bond 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
2LJKSOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9BRT3-F175.790.07

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (2): 2, 112

Disulfide bonds (1): 30–33

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2):

PositionPhenotype
112–115no effect on subcellular location. low protein abundance, suggesting that stability is affected.
112abolishes prenylation. predominantly cytosolic with little plasma membrane-associated expression. reduces cell migration

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 124 (showing top): GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_UP, GSE18804_BRAIN_VS_COLON_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_UP, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_BIOGENESIS, SHEPARD_BMYB_MORPHOLINO_DN, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_BIOGENESIS, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_PROJECTION_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_FILOPODIUM_ASSEMBLY, MODULE_480, WTGAAAT_UNKNOWN, SCHAEFFER_PROSTATE_DEVELOPMENT_48HR_UP, YAO_TEMPORAL_RESPONSE_TO_PROGESTERONE_CLUSTER_13, SANSOM_APC_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_CELL_PROJECTION_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_PROJECTION_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_FILOPODIUM_ASSEMBLY

GO Biological Process (4): apoptotic process (GO:0006915), positive regulation of cell migration (GO:0030335), negative regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043066), positive regulation of filopodium assembly (GO:0051491)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), cytosol (GO:0005829), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane (GO:0009898), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure3
cytoplasm2
programmed cell death1
apoptotic signaling pathway1
execution phase of apoptosis1
cell migration1
regulation of cell migration1
positive regulation of cell motility1
apoptotic process1
regulation of apoptotic process1
negative regulation of programmed cell death1
filopodium assembly1
regulation of filopodium assembly1
positive regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly1
binding1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
membrane1
cell periphery1
plasma membrane1
cytoplasmic side of membrane1
intracellular anatomical structure1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

932 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
MIEN1SELENOTP62341876
MIEN1SELENOWP63302831
MIEN1PGAP3Q96FM1766
MIEN1ERBB2P04626764
MIEN1GRB7Q14451720
MIEN1POLR3FQ9H1D9704
MIEN1STARD3Q14849675
MIEN1PRDX1P35703645
MIEN1TCAPO15273578
MIEN1GPX6P59796561
MIEN1GPX7Q96SL4561
MIEN1CD82P27701557
MIEN1GPX5O75715554
MIEN1GPX8Q8TED1544
MIEN1GPX2P18283542

IntAct

57 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
HMGB2MIEN1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.710
HMGB2MIEN1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.710
MIEN1RELpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
RELMIEN1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
ZBTB32MIEN1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
TRIP6MIEN1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
POU6F2MIEN1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
MIEN1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
HDAC7MIEN1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
ARID5AMIEN1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
VENTXMIEN1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
DDIT4LMIEN1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
MIEN1GORASP2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
HLXMIEN1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
MIEN1PCBP4psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
MIEN1NLGN3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
HMGB1MIEN1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
SCCPDHPGRMC1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
MIEN1ZBTB32psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
MIEN1TRIP6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000

BioGRID (25): MIEN1 (Two-hybrid), MIEN1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), MIEN1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), MIEN1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MIEN1 (Two-hybrid), MIEN1 (Two-hybrid), MIEN1 (Two-hybrid), MIEN1 (Two-hybrid), MIEN1 (Two-hybrid), MIEN1 (Two-hybrid), MIEN1 (Two-hybrid), MIEN1 (Two-hybrid), MIEN1 (Two-hybrid), MIEN1 (Two-hybrid), DDIT4L (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: B9N1F9, O09171, O14929, O22718, O35490, O80526, P11029, P11497, P19803, P21343, P52565, P83468, Q0IIL1, Q0J035, Q13085, Q148C8, Q28007, Q28559, Q28943, Q2QNG7, Q2QZ86, Q32PA4, Q3ZBE1, Q4R4J0, Q4R4U1, Q4R518, Q5I597, Q5R5F8, Q5RCR8, Q5RFG2, Q5SRX1, Q5SWU9, Q5XI73, Q5ZID6, Q5ZMQ0, Q6P6Q9, Q6ZVM7, Q8L5Y9, Q8VCX5, Q923S8

Diamond homologs: D0EYG3, O19097, P59797, P63300, P63301, P63302, P63303, Q148C8, Q568W0, Q5NVB2, Q95KL4, Q9BRT3, Q9CQ86, Q9STZ2, Q19892, Q9BN19

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

10 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance7
Likely benign1
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

265 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
17:39729757:GGCAC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:39729758:GCAC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:39729759:CAC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
17:39729759:CACC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
17:39729760:ACCTG:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
17:39729762:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
17:39729765:G:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
17:39729765:G:GCacceptor_gain1.0000
17:39730188:CCTCA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
17:39730189:CTCAC:Cdonor_loss1.0000
17:39730193:C:CAdonor_loss1.0000
17:39729684:CAT:Cdonor_gain0.9900
17:39729760:AC:Aacceptor_gain0.9900
17:39729761:CCTGG:Cacceptor_gain0.9900
17:39730192:A:ACdonor_gain0.9900
17:39730193:C:CCdonor_gain0.9900
17:39730289:TCA:Tacceptor_gain0.9900
17:39730290:CA:Cacceptor_gain0.9900
17:39730290:CAC:Cacceptor_gain0.9900
17:39730292:C:CCacceptor_gain0.9900
17:39730413:TC:Tdonor_gain0.9900
17:39730414:CC:Cdonor_gain0.9900
17:39729606:C:CCacceptor_gain0.9800
17:39729774:C:CTacceptor_gain0.9800
17:39730287:GTTCA:Gacceptor_gain0.9800
17:39730401:GCTC:Gdonor_loss0.9800
17:39730402:CT:Cdonor_loss0.9800
17:39730403:TCACC:Tdonor_loss0.9800
17:39730404:C:CCdonor_loss0.9800
17:39730405:ACCAG:Adonor_loss0.9800

AlphaMissense

738 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
17:39729724:G:CF75L1.000
17:39729724:G:TF75L1.000
17:39729726:A:GF75L1.000
17:39729754:A:CF65L0.999
17:39729754:A:TF65L0.999
17:39729756:A:GF65L0.999
17:39729700:A:CF83L0.998
17:39729700:A:TF83L0.998
17:39729702:A:GF83L0.998
17:39729723:A:GS76P0.998
17:39729725:A:GF75S0.998
17:39729596:C:GA92P0.997
17:39729701:A:GF83S0.997
17:39729755:A:GF65S0.997
17:39729698:G:TP84H0.996
17:39729718:C:AK77N0.996
17:39729718:C:GK77N0.996
17:39729722:G:AS76F0.996
17:39729726:A:TF75I0.996
17:39729755:A:CF65C0.996
17:39730276:G:CF35L0.996
17:39730276:G:TF35L0.996
17:39730278:A:GF35L0.996
17:39729699:G:AP84S0.995
17:39729726:A:CF75V0.995
17:39729749:A:TI67K0.995
17:39730256:A:GL42P0.995
17:39729604:A:GL89P0.994
17:39729701:A:CF83C0.994
17:39730254:C:GA43P0.994

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000298507 (17:39731547 C>G,T), RS1003838197 (17:39732174 T>C), RS1003905622 (17:39728472 C>G), RS1004002141 (17:39730927 T>G), RS1004429073 (17:39730622 C>A,T), RS1005313969 (17:39729615 T>C), RS1005925335 (17:39730870 G>T), RS1006287487 (17:39730607 C>G), RS1006884136 (17:39731955 C>A,T), RS1006934556 (17:39732166 C>T), RS1007494898 (17:39729097 G>A), RS1008997558 (17:39729095 C>T), RS1009360181 (17:39728857 A>T), RS1009889319 (17:39729852 C>G), RS1010941434 (17:39730073 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:611802 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

9 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST000624_15Ulcerative colitis3.000000e-08
GCST003155_23Systemic lupus erythematosus8.000000e-09
GCST005212_9Asthma2.000000e-30
GCST005752_156Systemic lupus erythematosus2.000000e-12
GCST007564_21Asthma or allergic disease (pleiotropy)4.000000e-17
GCST008916_10Asthma5.000000e-09
GCST008916_21Asthma2.000000e-62
GCST008916_45Asthma3.000000e-10
GCST008916_86Asthma2.000000e-14

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

23 total (human), top 23 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidaffects expression, increases expression4
Tobacco Smoke Pollutionaffects expression, increases expression2
aristolochic acid Idecreases expression1
bisphenol Faffects cotreatment, increases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
beta-lapachonedecreases expression1
arseniteincreases reaction, affects binding1
sodium arsenitedecreases expression, increases abundance1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
jinfukangaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Arsenicdecreases expression, increases abundance1
Benzo(a)pyreneincreases methylation1
Cannabidioldecreases expression1
Cisplatinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Dexamethasoneaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Doxorubicindecreases expression1
Hydrogen Peroxideaffects expression1
Indomethacinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Ivermectindecreases expression1
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthineaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Cyclosporinedecreases expression1
Aflatoxin B1increases expression1
Lactic Aciddecreases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

2 cell lines: 2 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_E2CEHAP1 MIEN1 (-) 2Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_XQ54HAP1 MIEN1 (-) 1Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.