MINDY1

gene
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Also known as FLJ11280MINDY-1

Summary

MINDY1 (MINDY lysine 48 deubiquitinase 1, HGNC:25648) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1q21.3, encoding Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase MINDY-1 (Q8N5J2). Hydrolase that can specifically remove ‘Lys-48’-linked conjugated ubiquitin from proteins.

Enables K48-linked deubiquitinase activity; K48-linked polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding activity; and cysteine-type carboxypeptidase activity. Predicted to be involved in proteolysis. Located in nuclear body.

Source: NCBI Gene 55793 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 9
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 99 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_001376665

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:25648
Approved symbolMINDY1
NameMINDY lysine 48 deubiquitinase 1
Location1q21.3
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesFLJ11280, MINDY-1
Ensembl geneENSG00000143409
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM618407
Entrez55793

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 34 — 34 protein_coding

ENST00000312210, ENST00000361738, ENST00000361936, ENST00000493834, ENST00000497067, ENST00000683666, ENST00000888222, ENST00000888223, ENST00000888224, ENST00000888225, ENST00000888226, ENST00000888227, ENST00000888228, ENST00000888229, ENST00000888230, ENST00000888231, ENST00000931104, ENST00000931105, ENST00000931106, ENST00000942999, ENST00000943000, ENST00000943001, ENST00000943002, ENST00000943003, ENST00000943004, ENST00000943005, ENST00000943006, ENST00000943007, ENST00000943008, ENST00000943009, ENST00000943010, ENST00000943011, ENST00000943012, ENST00000943013

RefSeq mRNA: 17 — MANE Select: NM_001376665 NM_001040217, NM_001163258, NM_001163259, NM_001163260, NM_001319998, NM_001376664, NM_001376665, NM_001376666, NM_001376667, NM_001376668, NM_001376669, NM_001376670, NM_001376671, NM_001376672, NM_001376673, NM_001376674, NM_018379

CCDS: CCDS30854, CCDS55635, CCDS976

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000683666 — 10 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001072089150998082150998273
ENSE00001072091150997624150997779
ENSE00001072097151000457151000615
ENSE00001072101150999369150999511
ENSE00001185822150996835150997367
ENSE00001599206151002165151002706
ENSE00003462542151001725151001782
ENSE00003469852151001250151001314
ENSE00003536702150999862150999964
ENSE00003917352151006312151006902

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 259 present calls, max score 94.99.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 18.0026 / max 284.2557, expressed in 1747 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (16 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
143907.25241543
143915.27341576
143802.0927808
143820.7256279
143830.5903235
143860.5038176
143810.4377251
143930.248789
143840.2386102
143890.212678

Top tissues by expression

282 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
body of pancreasUBERON:000115094.99gold quality
apex of heartUBERON:000209893.93gold quality
right lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000111993.86gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cordUBERON:000646993.75gold quality
left lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000112093.18gold quality
thyroid glandUBERON:000204692.85gold quality
lower esophagus mucosaUBERON:003583492.83gold quality
spinal cordUBERON:000224092.79gold quality
pancreasUBERON:000126492.41gold quality
metanephros cortexUBERON:001053392.38gold quality
esophagus mucosaUBERON:000246991.49gold quality
bloodUBERON:000017891.46gold quality
right atrium auricular regionUBERON:000663191.28gold quality
tibial nerveUBERON:000132391.03gold quality
cardiac atriumUBERON:000208190.68gold quality
heart left ventricleUBERON:000208490.49gold quality
monocyteCL:000057690.45gold quality
cervix squamous epitheliumUBERON:000692290.37silver quality
mononuclear cellCL:000084290.36gold quality
ileal mucosaUBERON:000033190.32silver quality
body of stomachUBERON:000116190.22gold quality
cardiac ventricleUBERON:000208290.22gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073890.20gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglionUBERON:000536390.07gold quality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499190.06gold quality
islet of LangerhansUBERON:000000689.77gold quality
subthalamic nucleusUBERON:000190689.63gold quality
epithelium of esophagusUBERON:000197689.49gold quality
heartUBERON:000094889.44gold quality
stomachUBERON:000094589.17gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3no0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

30 targeting MINDY1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4673100.0066.641490
HSA-MIR-605-3P99.8869.221833
HSA-MIR-4728-5P99.8569.394718
HSA-MIR-6785-5P99.8268.684428
HSA-MIR-149-3P99.7268.223963
HSA-MIR-6883-5P99.6968.053785
HSA-MIR-29899.6367.561916
HSA-MIR-7106-5P99.5367.473574
HSA-MIR-6799-5P99.1465.722093
HSA-MIR-6877-3P98.9865.83560
HSA-MIR-6819-3P98.9565.57572
HSA-MIR-455-3P98.9467.68878
HSA-MIR-4763-5P98.7563.89854
HSA-MIR-589-5P98.7266.96927
HSA-MIR-6840-3P98.6865.951923
HSA-MIR-6796-3P98.6865.49689
HSA-MIR-4782-5P98.3569.331474
HSA-MIR-570698.3569.331463
HSA-MIR-451898.1266.821030
HSA-MIR-744-3P97.9967.76637
HSA-MIR-4708-5P97.7767.82831
HSA-MIR-1266-5P97.7166.921052
HSA-MIR-6793-3P97.6665.781084
HSA-MIR-6729-3P96.9166.79703
HSA-MIR-212-5P96.8367.43950
HSA-MIR-3135A96.4165.30494
HSA-MIR-5586-5P96.2968.02685
HSA-MIR-2114-3P95.4566.11579
HSA-MIR-6823-3P95.4566.14704
HSA-MIR-874-3P95.0265.66806

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 3)

  • MINDY-1 prefers cleaving long polyubiquitin chains and works by trimming chains from the distal end. (PMID:27292798)
  • Mechanism of activation and regulation of deubiquitinase activity in MINDY1 and MINDY2. (PMID:34529927)
  • MINDY1 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation by stabilizing estrogen receptor alpha. (PMID:34645792)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriomindy1ENSDARG00000004866
mus_musculusMindy1ENSMUSG00000038712
rattus_norvegicusMindy1ENSRNOG00000021131
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00021926

Paralogs (1): MINDY2 (ENSG00000128923)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase MINDY-1Q8N5J2 (reviewed: Q8N5J2)

Alternative names: Deubiquitinating enzyme MINDY-1, Protein FAM63A

All UniProt accessions (2): Q8N5J2, H0YJH5

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Hydrolase that can specifically remove ‘Lys-48’-linked conjugated ubiquitin from proteins. Has exodeubiquitinase activity and has a preference for long polyubiquitin chains. May play a regulatory role at the level of protein turnover.

Similarity. Belongs to the MINDY deubiquitinase family. FAM63 subfamily.

Isoforms (4)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q8N5J2-11yes
Q8N5J2-22
Q8N5J2-33
Q8N5J2-44

RefSeq proteins (17): NP_001035307, NP_001156730, NP_001156731, NP_001156732, NP_001306927, NP_001363593, NP_001363594, NP_001363595, NP_001363596, NP_001363597, NP_001363598, NP_001363599, NP_001363600, NP_001363601, NP_001363602, NP_001363603, NP_060849 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR007518MINDYFamily
IPR033979MINDY_domainDomain

Pfam: PF04424

UniProt features (75 total): mutagenesis site 30, strand 12, helix 11, region of interest 3, site 3, splice variant 3, compositionally biased region 3, sequence conflict 3, modified residue 2, active site 2, chain 1, sequence variant 1, turn 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

8 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
5MN9X-RAY DIFFRACTION2.05
6TUVX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.16
6TXBX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.18
5JQSX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.65
5JKNX-RAY DIFFRACTION3
6YJGX-RAY DIFFRACTION3.28
6Y6RX-RAY DIFFRACTION3.32
6Z90X-RAY DIFFRACTION3.59

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q8N5J2-F173.650.48

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (5): 415–416 (ubiquitin-binding); 419 (ubiquitin-binding); 137 (nucleophile); 319 (proton acceptor); 412 (ubiquitin-binding)

Post-translational modifications (2): 103, 441

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (30):

PositionPhenotype
131abolishes ubiquitin hydrolase activity.
137abolishes ubiquitin hydrolase activity.
209abolishes ubiquitin hydrolase activity.
210greatly impairs ubiquitin hydrolase activity.
240abolishes ubiquitin hydrolase activity.
258abolishes ubiquitin hydrolase activity.
263greatly impairs ubiquitin hydrolase activity.
263abolishes ubiquitin hydrolase activity.
315abolishes ubiquitin hydrolase activity.
319abolishes ubiquitin hydrolase activity.
396no effect on binding to ’lys-48’ tetraubiquitin chains.
408no effect on binding to ’lys-48’ tetraubiquitin chains.
411no effect on binding to ’lys-48’ tetraubiquitin chains.
412loss of binding to ’lys-48’ tetraubiquitin chains.
413no effect on binding to ’lys-48’ tetraubiquitin chains.
414no effect on binding to ’lys-48’ tetraubiquitin chains.
415–416decreased association with ’lys-48’-linked conjugated ubiquitin.
415loss of binding to ’lys-48’ tetraubiquitin chains.
416loss of binding to ’lys-48’ tetraubiquitin chains.
416no effect on binding to ’lys-48’ tetraubiquitin chains.
418no effect on binding to ’lys-48’ tetraubiquitin chains.
419loss of binding to ’lys-48’ tetraubiquitin chains.
420loss of binding to ’lys-48’ tetraubiquitin chains.
421no effect on binding to ’lys-48’ tetraubiquitin chains.
422no effect on binding to ’lys-48’ tetraubiquitin chains.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 200 (showing top): CMYB_01, AP4_Q6, GGAMTNNNNNTCCY_UNKNOWN, CAGCTG_AP4_Q5, PATIL_LIVER_CANCER, TCF4_Q5, AML_Q6, GOMF_CYSTEINE_TYPE_PEPTIDASE_ACTIVITY, TGCTGAY_UNKNOWN, KINSEY_TARGETS_OF_EWSR1_FLII_FUSION_DN, MYB_Q3, FOXO4_02, RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_POORLY_DIFFERENTIATED_DN, MYB_Q5_01, chr1q21

GO Biological Process (1): proteolysis (GO:0006508)

GO Molecular Function (8): cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity (GO:0004843), cysteine-type carboxypeptidase activity (GO:0016807), K48-linked polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding (GO:0036435), K48-linked deubiquitinase activity (GO:1990380), protein binding (GO:0005515), peptidase activity (GO:0008233), cysteine-type peptidase activity (GO:0008234), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787)

GO Cellular Component (3): nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), nuclear body (GO:0016604), cell periphery (GO:0071944)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
deubiquitinase activity2
cellular anatomical structure2
protein metabolic process1
cysteine-type peptidase activity1
carboxypeptidase activity1
cysteine-type exopeptidase activity1
polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding1
binding1
hydrolase activity1
catalytic activity, acting on a protein1
peptidase activity1
catalytic activity1
nuclear lumen1
nucleoplasm1
intracellular membraneless organelle1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

718 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
MINDY1SLC13A5Q86YT5790
MINDY1COPS5Q92905669
MINDY1MINDY4Q4G0A6649
MINDY1ZUP1Q96AP4615
MINDY1JOSD1Q15040578
MINDY1JOSD2Q8TAC2577
MINDY1MINDY3Q9H8M7543
MINDY1MPNDQ8N594513
MINDY1USP7Q93009509
MINDY1USP14P54578471
MINDY1USP22Q9UPT9462
MINDY1USP13Q92995434
MINDY1RCHY1Q96PM5432
MINDY1OTUB1Q96FW1430
MINDY1USP28Q96RU2426

IntAct

37 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
MINDY1FLJ13057psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
MANSC1KLRG2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
TMEM31PSMD11psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
KDELR1TRAFD1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
KCNA10GAPDHSpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
CD1DMINDY1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
ECE1MINDY1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
OR6M1RPSA2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
CTLA4TMEM120Bpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
TMEM74KLRG2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
OR5H1RBFOX3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
NRSN1FAM171A2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
TMEM63CGPR89Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
PTCHD3ABCD4psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
RGS9BPHGSpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
CHRNB1BET1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
OR10S1ABCC4psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
OR1A2EMC8psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
RNF126GET3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
CNGA4CCDC22psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
TSPAN16ENDOD1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
GRTP1UBBpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
OR2G6UBBpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
BTBD6UBBpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
SEL1L3CANXpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
CHIATPP2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
PIGHPTGDSpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
ZP3SERPINB8psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (62): GMCL1 (Two-hybrid), FAM63A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM63A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM63A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM63A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM63A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM63A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM63A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM63A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM63A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM63A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM63A (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM63A (Reconstituted Complex), UBC (Reconstituted Complex), RPS27A (Co-crystal Structure)

ESM2 similar proteins: A3KMI0, A3KQS4, A5PF44, A6QP16, A8E7C5, B1H2Q2, F4HZF0, O15226, O96838, P34550, Q09874, Q29FC1, Q2KI23, Q2KJ22, Q3SWY8, Q3T9Z9, Q3V0G7, Q4R4A2, Q5BJQ2, Q5R7G8, Q5U2S3, Q5VVW2, Q5XHY7, Q61502, Q6NZC7, Q6P158, Q6P5D3, Q6PDI6, Q6PGC1, Q75E61, Q76LS9, Q7M760, Q7TSI3, Q7XI08, Q7Z478, Q8C437, Q8GY87, Q8H106, Q8N5J2, Q8NBR6

Diamond homologs: A3KQS4, P53155, Q2KI23, Q2KJ22, Q5BJQ2, Q5R7G8, Q6PDI6, Q76LS9, Q8N5J2, Q8NBR6, Q08930, Q09874

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

99 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance73
Likely benign4
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1785 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
1:150999363:CATTA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
1:150999365:TTA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
1:150999366:TACC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
1:150999367:A:Cdonor_loss1.0000
1:150999368:C:Gdonor_loss1.0000
1:150999427:T:Adonor_gain1.0000
1:150999516:C:CTacceptor_gain1.0000
1:150999516:C:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
1:151000532:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
1:151000532:AAAAT:Adonor_gain1.0000
1:151000533:A:Cdonor_gain1.0000
1:151000612:CATT:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
1:151000614:TT:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
1:151000616:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
1:150997753:C:CCacceptor_gain0.9900
1:150998159:G:Cdonor_gain0.9900
1:150998172:G:Cdonor_gain0.9900
1:150999433:G:Cdonor_gain0.9900
1:150999507:CAGGC:Cacceptor_gain0.9900
1:150999512:C:CCacceptor_gain0.9900
1:150999512:CT:Cacceptor_loss0.9900
1:150999513:T:Gacceptor_loss0.9900
1:150999517:A:Tacceptor_gain0.9900
1:150999981:A:ACacceptor_gain0.9900
1:150999981:A:Cacceptor_gain0.9900
1:150999992:C:CTacceptor_gain0.9900
1:150999993:A:Tacceptor_gain0.9900
1:151000451:CCTCA:Cdonor_loss0.9900
1:151000452:CTCA:Cdonor_loss0.9900
1:151000453:TCACC:Tdonor_loss0.9900

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000195456 (1:150998226 C>A,G,T), RS1000283227 (1:151005157 G>C), RS1000397284 (1:151001521 T>C), RS1000499435 (1:150996792 C>T), RS1001007281 (1:151003622 C>A,T), RS1001015652 (1:151003230 C>A,G,T), RS1001561979 (1:150998970 G>C), RS1001671565 (1:150999976 G>A), RS1001685033 (1:151006299 A>G), RS1001707567 (1:150998458 C>T), RS1001714790 (1:151005912 A>C), RS1002308147 (1:151001869 G>A), RS1002634003 (1:151007926 G>A), RS1003116946 (1:151000258 A>G), RS1003273316 (1:151002001 C>A,G,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:618407 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

9 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST000649_7Chronic kidney disease1.000000e-12
GCST001966_1Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment1.000000e-07
GCST005951_38Body mass index4.000000e-09
GCST007515_18Type 2 diabetes8.000000e-08
GCST007516_21Type 2 diabetes (adjusted for BMI)7.000000e-07
GCST007517_2Type 2 diabetes6.000000e-08
GCST007518_4Type 2 diabetes (adjusted for BMI)6.000000e-08
GCST009379_32Type 2 diabetes4.000000e-06
GCST009379_33Type 2 diabetes3.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004340body mass index

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

41 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
bisphenol Aincreases expression2
Tobacco Smoke Pollutiondecreases expression, increases expression2
aristolochic acid Iincreases expression1
afuresertibincreases expression1
FR900359decreases phosphorylation1
bisphenol Fincreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
pirinixic acidincreases activity, affects binding, decreases expression1
sodium arsenatedecreases expression, increases abundance1
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphateaffects expression1
sulforaphanedecreases expression1
sodium arsenitedecreases expression1
gossypol acetic aciddecreases expression1
cupric chloridedecreases expression1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic aciddecreases expression1
erucylphospho-N,N,N-trimethylpropylammoniumincreases expression1
abrinedecreases expression1
bisphenol Sincreases expression1
jinfukangaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-methylnonan-2-yl)phenyl)cyclohexan-1-olincreases expression1
Leflunomidedecreases expression1
Acetaminophendecreases expression1
Arsenicdecreases expression, increases abundance1
Benzo(a)pyreneincreases methylation1
Cadmiumdecreases expression1
Caffeineincreases phosphorylation1
Cisplatinincreases expression, affects cotreatment1
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylenedecreases expression1
Estradiolaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Formaldehydeincreases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_D9KBUbigene HEK293 MINDY1 KOTransformed cell lineFemale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

  • Disease cohort memberships (association, not causation — diseases whose associated-gene cohort lists this gene; a subset are also under Associated diseases): rhegmatogenous retinal detachment