MIR1228

Summary

MIR1228 (microRNA 1228, HGNC:33928) is a microRNA gene on chromosome 12q13.3.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Source: NCBI Gene 100302201 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (miRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:33928
Approved symbol	MIR1228
Name	microRNA 1228
Location	12q13.3
Locus type	RNA, micro
Status	Approved
Aliases	hsa-mir-1228
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000221365
Ensembl biotype	miRNA
Entrez	100302201
RNAcentral	URS000075D5D5 — miRNA, 73 nt, 7 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 miRNA

ENST00000408438

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000408438 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001565073	57194504	57194576

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 60 present calls, max score 76.75.

Top tissues by expression

60 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	76.75	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	76.62	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	74.74	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	74.10	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	72.91	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	71.56	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	71.32	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	71.32	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	70.40	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	70.00	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	68.84	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	67.21	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	66.97	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	66.92	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	66.79	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	66.33	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	65.91	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	65.86	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	65.82	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	65.81	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	65.71	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	65.54	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	65.27	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	65.17	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	65.13	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	64.90	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	64.88	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	64.84	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	64.54	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	64.51	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.06

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 23)

• Enforced miR-1228 expression can reduce MOAP1 expression and delay the progression of stress-induced cell apoptosis. (PMID:22434376)
• Analysis of two potential targets for miR-637 and miR-1228 in HOB, type IV collagen (COL4A1) and bone morphogenic protein 2 kinase (BMP2K), respectively, showed that 1,25D-mediates suppression of these targets via distinct mechanisms (PMID:23362149)
• miR-1228* negatively regulated NF-kappaB activity in SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells and found that CK2A2 was a target of miR-1228*. Upregulation of miR-1228* decreased the expression of mesenchymal markers and increased the epithelial marker (PMID:23554909)
• Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed miR-1228 to be involved extensively in metabolism-related signal pathways and organ morphology, implying that miR-1228 functions as a housekeeping gene. (PMID:24488924)
• TP53 downregulation leads to an increase in miR-1228 expression, forming a positive feedback loop that contributes to cancerogenesis in hepatoma. (PMID:25422913)
• miR-1228 promoted breast cancer proliferation, invasion and migration was mediated by MOAP1 and SCAI. (PMID:26261546)
• Thus, our results demonstrate that PM2.5-induced A549 apoptosis is initiated by mitochondrial dysfunction and miR-1228-5p could protect A549 cells against apoptosis. (PMID:26867688)
• miR-1228 acts as a negative regulator of gastric cancer growth and angiogenesis through downregulation of migration inhibitory factor (PMID:28465246)
• hsa_circ_100395 regulates lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion through modulating miR-1228/TCF21 pathway. (PMID:30176158)
• This study provides evidence that CAF exosomal miR-1228 is able to promote osteosarcoma invasion and migration by targeting SCAI. (PMID:30180920)
• Urinary miRNA-27b-3p and miRNA-1228-3p correlate with the progression of Kidney Fibrosis in Diabetic Nephropathy. (PMID:31388051)
• Serum miR-1228-3p and miR-181a-5p as Noninvasive Biomarkers for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. (PMID:32724822)
• Circulating microRNA-194 and microRNA-1228 Could Predict Colon Cancer Proliferation via Phospho S6 Modulation. (PMID:32919420)
• Circ_0004417 inhibits the progression of prostate cancer through sponging miR-1228. (PMID:33629297)
• Exosomes derived from miR-1228 overexpressing bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells promote growth of gastric cancer cells. (PMID:33883305)
• Hsa_circ_0000301 facilitates the progression of cervical cancer by targeting miR-1228-3p/IRF4 Axis. (PMID:34020619)
• CircRAB3B suppresses proliferation, motility, cell cycle progression and promotes the apoptosis of IL-22-induced keratinocytes depending on the regulation of miR-1228-3p/PTEN axis in psoriasis. (PMID:34096408)
• Plasma-Derived Exosomal hsa-miR-4488 and hsa-miR-1228-5p: Novel Biomarkers for Dermatomyositis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease with Anti-Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Protein 5 Antibody-Positive Subset. (PMID:34368354)
• CircGFRA1 facilitates the malignant progression of HER-2-positive breast cancer via acting as a sponge of miR-1228 and enhancing AIFM2 expression. (PMID:34668628)
• MicroRNA 1228 Mediates the Viability of High Glucose-Cultured Renal Tubule Cells through Targeting Thrombospondin 2 and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. (PMID:34784607)
• Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction-Mediated miR-1228 Downregulation Suppresses Tumor Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Cervical-Cancer Cells. (PMID:35728571)
• Extracellular vesicles derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts carry tumor-promotive microRNA-1228-3p to enhance the resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib. (PMID:36424471)
• Exosomal miR-1228-5p down-regulates DUSP22 to promotes cell proliferation and migration in small cell lung cancer. (PMID:38851418)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.