MIR138-2

Summary

MIR138-2 (microRNA 138-2, HGNC:31525) is a microRNA gene on chromosome 16q13.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Source: NCBI Gene 406930 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (miRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31525
Approved symbol	MIR138-2
Name	microRNA 138-2
Location	16q13
Locus type	RNA, micro
Status	Approved
Aliases	hsa-mir-138-2
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000207649
Ensembl biotype	miRNA
OMIM	613395
Entrez	406930
RNAcentral	URS000075A54D — miRNA, 84 nt, 20 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 miRNA

ENST00000384916

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000384916 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001499923	56858518	56858601

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 41 present calls, max score 76.84.

Top tissues by expression

41 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	76.84	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	75.86	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	70.69	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	68.91	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	68.85	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	67.99	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	67.89	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	67.77	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	67.25	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	67.23	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	67.22	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	67.00	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	66.97	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	66.78	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	66.55	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	66.46	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	66.35	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	66.18	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	65.86	gold quality
brain	UBERON:0000955	65.76	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	65.29	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	64.22	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	63.95	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	63.83	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	63.17	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	63.07	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	63.00	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	62.74	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	62.50	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	62.48	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.49

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Results suggested miR-138 acts as a tumor suppresser and may serve as a therapeutic target for HNSCC patients at risk of metastasis. (PMID:19540661)
• Study identified a number of high-confident miR-138 target genes, including proto-oncogene GNAI2, which may play an important role in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. initiation and progression. (PMID:21079996)
• Functional studies revealed that miR-138-2, miR-148a, and miR-488 repress (30%-60%) several candidate genes for panic disorder-GABRA6, CCKBR and POMC. (PMID:21168126)
• GATA1 associates with the regulatory region of pri-miR-138-2 and modulates the expression of miR-138. (PMID:23208504)
• The miR-138 can bind to the 3’ untranslated region (3’ UTR) of EZH2 and suppress the expression of EZH2 at both mRNA and protein levels. (PMID:23343715)
• this study demonstrates that up-regulation of miR-138 plays a protective role in myocardial adaptation to chronic hypoxia, which is mediated mainly by MLK3/JNK/c-jun signaling pathway. (PMID:24211202)
• we suggest that rs139365823 may be protective against schizophrenia by altering processing of primary to mature miRNA-138-2 (PMID:24411711)
• Pro-inflammatory cytokines downregulate expression of S100A1 in primary human microvascular endothelial cells via induction of microRNA-138. (PMID:24486907)
• Data show that the downregulation of miR-138 induced the upregulation of Limk1 in ovarian cancer (OC) cells suggesting that these 2 genes may play a key role in the migration and invasion of OC cells. (PMID:25190487)
• Human miR-138 promotes tau phosphorylation by directly targeting the RARA and the associated GSK-3beta pathway. (PMID:25680531)
• we validated that miR138 directly targets PPARbeta and regulates its expression at the transcriptional and translational levels. In gain-and-loss experiments, we found that miR-138/PPARbeta signaling regulated human hypertrophic scar fibroblast proliferation and movement. (PMID:25752881)
• Our data indicate that miR-138-5p may play an important role in regulating pancreatic cancer cell growth, possibly through targeting FOXC1 (PMID:25875420)
• miR-138 serum levels were significantly reduced in patients with obesity (PMID:25912229)
• Results suggest that miR-138 is a tumor suppressor miRNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells through targeting YAP1. (PMID:26239136)
• Data show that G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 1 (GIT1) and semaphorin 4C (SEMA4C) were found to have putative microRNA miR-138 binding sites in their 3’ untranslated region (3’UTRs). (PMID:26283050)
• Expression of miR-138 was maintained at relatively low levels in intact human cartilage but were greatly increased upon loss of the differentiated phenotype in culture. miR-138 is able to repress COL2A1 expression by directly targeting Sp-1 and HIF-2alpha. (PMID:26359943)
• KDM5C is overexpressed in breast cancer cells and miR-138 regulates its expression. (PMID:26621457)
• analysis of a novel mechanism that regulates the expression of FAK via miR138 in Ewing’s sarcoma cells (PMID:26782922)
• Our data thus define miR-138 as a glioblastoma cell survival-promoting miRNA associated with resistance to temozolomide therapy in glioblastoma (PMID:26887050)
• The elevated miR-138 expression enhanced osteosarcoma cell chemosensitivity to cisplatin by targeting EZH2. (PMID:27019355)
• Data show that MiR-138 was downregulated in human osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines and could inhibit osteosarcoma cell proliferation and invasion, as well as promote cell apoptosis through downregulating the expression of DEC2. (PMID:27095063)
• The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of miR-138-5p on apoptosis in human nucleus pulposus cells induced by TNF-alpha and to explore the mechanism of this process. (PMID:27207584)
• Low miR-138-5p and high PD-L1 levels correlated with shorter overall colorectal cancer patient survival (PMID:27248318)
• study revealed a critical role of miR-138- 5p as a tumor suppressive miRNA in bladder carcinogenesis, explored the molecular mechanisms by which aberrant miR-138-5p expression contributes to bladder cancer progression and identified Survivin as a direct target of miR- 138-5p. Regulation of Survivin by miR-138-5p might explain why the decrease of miR-138-5p during bladder carcinogenesis can promote cancer progression. (PMID:27978829)
• Data show that microRNA miR-138-5p specifically targeted the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) 3’ untranslated region (3’ UTR) and suppressed autophagy by reducing the level of SIRT1. (PMID:28052003)
• A summary of the pleiotropic roles of miR-138 in the progression of cancers (review0. (PMID:28378633)
• MiR-138 could enhance the activity of the CTNNB1 promoter, which in turn could contribute to the observed AMACR up-regulation (PMID:28741117)
• Both tissue and serum miR-138 levels are reduced in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and might be promising prognostic biomarkers for ESCC. (PMID:28759955)
• further identified that lncRNA H19 could act as a molecular sponge of miR-138-5p in cervical cancer progression (PMID:28797320)
• MiR138 negatively regulates betacatenin activation and regulates invasion and migration in prostate cancer cells. (PMID:29257301)
• the functional variant rs139365823 in pre-miR-138 altered the expression of mature miR-138 and its inhibitory effect on target genes and conferred the risk for congenital heart disease. (PMID:29298094)
• results in vivo demonstrated that circRBM23 is required for the tumorigenesis with downregulation of tumor suppressor miR-138 (PMID:29916745)
• Overexpression of miR-138-5p decreased the migratory ability of HTR-8 cells, whereas the inhibition of miR-138-5p increased the migratory ability of HTR-8 cells compared to the corresponding negative control. (PMID:30463081)
• Data suggest that miR1385p regulates the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to cisplatin, possibly by modulating expression of the DNA repair proteins ERCC1 and ERCC4. (PMID:30535472)
• PODXL expression was significantly up-regulated in both colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and cell lines. In vitro experiments showed the knockdown of PODXL reduces CRC tumor growth, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and promoted apoptosis. Moreover, PODXL was predicted and confirmed to be a target of miR-138. (PMID:30575907)
• MiR-138-5p inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition, growth and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells through targeting ZEB2. (PMID:30712885)
• microRNA-138-5p as a Worse Prognosis Biomarker in Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Osteosarcoma. (PMID:30864107)
• expression of PD-L1 increases and the expression of miR-138 down-regulates in PBMNCs of Acute Myeloid Leukemia patients, furthermore, both correlate each other (PMID:30998140)
• Increased expression of miR-138-2 is associated with intracranial aneurysms. (PMID:31096819)
• These results revealed the tumor-suppressive role of miR-138-5p in regulating breast cancer cell migration by targeting RHBDD1, suggesting that miR-138-5p negatively regulating EMT might be a therapeutic target in breast cancer. (PMID:31243644)

Cross-species orthologs

1 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Mir138-2	ENSMUSG00000065512

Paralogs (1): MIR138-1 (ENSG00000207954)

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.