MIR181A2

Summary

MIR181A2 (microRNA 181a-2, HGNC:31549) is a microRNA gene on chromosome 9q33.3.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Source: NCBI Gene 406954 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (miRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31549
Approved symbol	MIR181A2
Name	microRNA 181a-2
Location	9q33.3
Locus type	RNA, micro
Status	Approved
Aliases	hsa-mir-181a
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000207595
Ensembl biotype	miRNA
OMIM	612743
Entrez	406954
RNAcentral	URS00000DD591 — miRNA, 110 nt, 6 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 miRNA

ENST00000384863

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000384863 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001499870	124692442	124692551

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 70 present calls, max score 81.55.

Top tissues by expression

70 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	81.55	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	80.76	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	80.04	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	79.70	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	79.27	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	78.86	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	78.01	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	77.17	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	77.08	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	75.72	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	75.59	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	74.54	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	73.35	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	73.14	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	73.03	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	72.31	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	72.01	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	71.27	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	71.11	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	69.29	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	68.57	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	68.43	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	68.37	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	68.31	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	68.28	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	68.18	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	68.00	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	67.87	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	67.77	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	67.76	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.48

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• The elevation of cellular miR181a levels abrogates the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-induced increase in Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 at both mRNA and protein levels. (PMID:19221487)
• Plasmid constructs using a luciferase reporter with variable OPN 3’UTR mutations were transfected into 2 HCC cell lines to determine miRNA-181a regulation of OPN expression. (PMID:20576283)
• Follicular dendritic cells protect B-cell lymphoma cells against apoptosis, in part through activation of a miR-181a-dependent mechanism involving down-regulation of Bim expression (PMID:20841506)
• Data indicate an inverse correlation between miR-16-1, miR-181a, miR-181b, and level of expression of TCL-1 and BCL-2, which suggest that these miRNAs may implicate in negatively regulating target mRNA at transcriptional level. (PMID:21130495)
• may enhance lymph-node metastasis through regulating migration [of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells] (PMID:21244495)
• Accumulation of miR-21 and miR-181a in bone marrow appears to be associated with prognosis in breast cancer patients (PMID:21271219)
• miR-181-a plays an important role in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis (PMID:21385555)
• Hsa-miR-181a regulated REN and AIFM1 mRNA. (PMID:22042811)
• miR-181 promotes natural killer (NK) cell development, at least in part, through suppression of nemo-like kinase (NLK), providing an important link between miRNAs and Notch signaling. (PMID:22084432)
• Data suggest that restoration of miR-181a expression might provide a promising therapeutic in drug resistance of leukaemia. (PMID:22209977)
• miR-181a could play a role in the development of DNR resistance in K562/A02 cells and the over-expression of miR-181a could sensitize K562/A02 cells to DNR by targeting BCL-2 (PMID:22285729)
• miR-181a functions as an oncomir in gastric cancer by repressing the expression of tumor suppressor KLF6. (PMID:22581522)
• The effect of miR-181a on radio-resistance of cervical cancer was mediated through targeting the 3’-untranslated region of PRKCD gene. (PMID:22847611)
• no correlation was observed between miR-181a expression and clinicopathological parameters but miR-181a may be a new independent prognostic factor for CRC patients. (PMID:23023298)
• Our studies demonstrate that naive CD4+ T cells lose T cell receptor sensitivity and signaling strength with age as a result of reduced expression of miR-181a. (PMID:23023500)
• miR-30d, miR-181a, & miR-199a-5p are down-regulated in several cancers & tumor cell lines. They act cooperatively to down-regulate GRP78 and induce apoptosis by directly targeting its 3’ untranslated region. (PMID:23085757)
• Ageing- and chronic heart failure -associated changes in peripheral blood leucocyte subsets are paralleled by alterations in the expression of miRNAs involved in lymphopoiesis. (PMID:23258801)
• the miR-181c-CARM1 pathway has an important role in regulating the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (PMID:23301034)
• MIR181A is a novel and important regulator of autophagy and ATG5 is a rate-limiting miRNA target in this effect (PMID:23322078)
• High miR-181a is associated with anaplastic large cell lymphoma. (PMID:23594704)
• Results suggest that miR-181a might facilitate proliferation and invasion and suppress apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells, which might be a potential target for the treatment of osteosarcoma. (PMID:23740615)
• High miR-181a expression is associated with lymph node invasion, nerve invasion and vascular invasion in gastric cancer. (PMID:23886199)
• miR-181 has a role in metabolic regulation in the immune system [review] (PMID:24163395)
• miR-181a promotes TGF-beta-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via repression of Smad7. Ectopic expression of miR-181a results in increased cellular survival, migration, invasion, drug resistance and in vivo tumor burden and dissemination. (PMID:24394555)
• miRNA-181a binds to the TP53 gene and inhibits its expression, decreasing the synthesis of p53 (PMID:24535903)
• Review: aging-related mitochondrial miR181a may play a direct role in controlling mitochondrial function by regulating mitochondrial protein expression. (PMID:24607549)
• MiR-181a expression is increased and thus induces a metabolic shift in colon cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of PTEN. (PMID:24685694)
• MiR-181a directly binds to the 3’UTR of IL-8 and modulates its levels. (PMID:24848932)
• findings display a novel molecular mechanism of c-Met regulation in HCC and strategies to increase miR-181a5p level might be an alternative approach for the enhancement of the inhibitory effects of c-Met inhibitors (PMID:25058462)
• FXI expression is directly regulated by a specific miRNA, miR-181a-5p, in the human liver (PMID:25379760)
• Study mapped human MIR181A1B1 and MIR181A2B2 transcription start sites to 78.3 kb and 34.0 kb upstream of the mature miRNAs, generating predominantly unspliced transcripts of 80-127 kb and ~60 kb, respectively. Unlike mouse thymocytes, human T cells expressed both MIR181A1B1 and MIR181A2B2. (PMID:25410655)
• hepatitis B virus suppressed apoptosis of hepatoma cells by up-regulating miR-181a expression and down-regulating Fas expression, which may provide a new understanding of the mechanism in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis. (PMID:25449696)
• decrease in the level of miR-106b-3p at the late stage, and continuous changes in the expression of miR-181a-5p and miR-376a-3p during the whole senescence process. (PMID:26013412)
• miR-181a induction had a critical role in promoting therapeutic resistance and aggressive behavior of TNBC cells upon genotoxic treatment (PMID:26028030)
• Genetic variants of miR-181a (rs12537), miR-27a, and miR-570 polymorphisms did not individually associate with overall risk of gallbladder carcinoma. However, all three genetic variants may interact to confer a higher risk of gallbladder carcinoma. (PMID:26288960)
• TGFBIp expression is positively regulated by TGF-beta1 in corneal fibroblasts, whereas TGF-beta1-induced miR-21 and miR-181a negatively regulate TGFBIp expression. (PMID:26915797)
• IL-1beta/NF-kb signaling has a role in promoting colorectal cancer cell growth through miR-181a/PTEN axis (PMID:27264420)
• Up-regulation of transcription factor DeltaNp63 led to the decline of miR-181a expression, resulting in an overexpression of the antiaging protein Sirt1, in CD4(+) T cells from HCV-infected individuals. Either reconstituting miR-181a or silencing DeltaNp63 or Sirt1 expression in CD4(+) T cells led to accelerated T cell senescence. (PMID:27354409)
• miR-181a2/181b2 prominently dampened cell-cycle progression, suppressed cell growth, and promoted apoptosis of tumor cells in vitro They also effectively impeded tumor formation and growth in vivo miR-181a2/181b2 exert the tumor suppressor ability by depressing the direct target PIK3R3 (p55gamma) and consequently modulating the PIK3R3/Akt/FoxO signaling pathway (PMID:27503199)
• Aberrant expression of lncRNA AFAP1-AS, a competing endogenous RNA of miR-181a, may involve in the onset and progression of Hirschsprung disease by augmenting the miR-181a target gene, RAP1B. (PMID:28924375)

Cross-species orthologs

1 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
rattus_norvegicus	Mir181a2	ENSRNOG00000035630

Paralogs (4): MIR181C (ENSG00000207613), MIR181B2 (ENSG00000207737), MIR181A1 (ENSG00000207759), MIR181B1 (ENSG00000207975)

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.