MIR188

Summary

MIR188 (microRNA 188, HGNC:31559) is a microRNA gene on chromosome Xp11.23.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Source: NCBI Gene 406964 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (miRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31559
Approved symbol	MIR188
Name	microRNA 188
Location	Xp11.23
Locus type	RNA, micro
Status	Approved
Aliases	hsa-mir-188
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000207768
Ensembl biotype	miRNA
Entrez	406964
RNAcentral	URS0000221C26 — miRNA, 86 nt, 5 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 miRNA

ENST00000385034

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000385034 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001500041	50003503	50003588

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth tissue_specific, 8 present calls, max score 80.88.

Top tissues by expression

8 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	80.88	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	79.82	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	75.03	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	72.33	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	69.16	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	65.14	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	62.01	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	61.47	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.86

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Data indicate that X-linked gene CBL, which downregulates T cell receptor signaling and is decreased in lupus T cells, as a gene targeted by miR-188-3p and miR-98. (PMID:23434382)
• MIR188 suppresses G1/S transition by targeting multiple cyclin/CDK complexes (PMID:25304455)
• High let-7a-2-3p and low miR-188-5p expression could be potentially used as favorably prognostic biomarkers. (PMID:25646775)
• Authors found that restoration of miR-188-5p can inhibit the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway via the suppression of LAPTM4B. (PMID:25714029)
• The miR-188 level in human BMSCs was positively correlated with age. (PMID:25751060)
• These findings collectively demonstrate a tumor suppressor role of miR-188-5p in HCC progression via targeting FGF5 (PMID:25998163)
• miR-188-5p is directly and indirectly regulating the expression of genes which may play a role in extracellular matrix formation and destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. (PMID:26191188)
• miR-188 suppresses proliferation and invasion by targeting SIX1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. (PMID:26490981)
• miR-188-3p is a novel independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer patients, which can be partly explained by its effect on MLLT4 expression and migration of cancer cells. (PMID:27601590)
• Overexpression/inhibition of HDAC1, but not HDAC2, contributed to the significant reduction/increase of miR-188-3p expression. MiR-188-3p targeted 3’ UTR of mutL homologl and regulated mutL homologl expression. (PMID:27868267)
• our results demonstrated that miR-188 inhibits glioma cell proliferation by targeting beta-catenin (PMID:29268818)
• our findings indicated that miR-188-5p serves as a tumor suppressor in human gastric cancer (GC)by targeting ZFP91, suggesting that miR-188-5p might be a promising therapeutic target for GC treatment (PMID:29471891)
• The results of the present study indicated that miR188 suppressed pediatric osteosarcoma progression by targeting SOX4. (PMID:29749512)
• Data suggest that miR-188-5p may be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for Keloids (KDs). (PMID:30668826)
• CASC11 regulates miR-188-5p expression in the hepatocellular carcinoma. (PMID:30910841)
• LncRNA PAPAS promotes hepatocellular carcinoma by interacting with miR-188-5p. (PMID:30920025)
• miR-188-5p emerges as an oncomiRNA to promote gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration via upregulation of SALL4. (PMID:31009138)
• SBF2-AS1 could act as a miRNA sponge in AML progression (PMID:31062614)
• Study identified miR-188 as an important miRNA that is closely correlated with GC metastasis and poor patient survival. Mechanistically, by inhibiting PTEN expression, miR-188 appears to function as the activator of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway leading to an increase in GC cell invasion in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo. These results suggest that miR-188 contributes to promoting GC metastasis. (PMID:31138169)
• lncRNA LINC00668 acted as an oncogenic role in CRC cells by sponging miR-188-5p and upregulating USP47 (PMID:31233752)
• The expression levels of miR-188-3p presented a trend of positive correlation between plasma and serum samples. (PMID:31493506)
• MicroRNA-188-5p promotes apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation of breast cancer cells via the MAPK signaling pathway by targeting Rap2c. (PMID:31541458)
• miR-188-5p and miR-141-3p promoted bladder cancer respectively and synergistically (PMID:31562019)
• miR-188-5p suppresses cellular proliferation and migration via IL6ST: A potential noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer. (PMID:31650530)
• MiRNA-188-5p alleviates the progression of osteosarcoma via target degrading CCNT2. (PMID:31957815)
• Identification of cellular microRNA miR-188-3p with broad-spectrum anti-influenza A virus activity. (PMID:32000791)
• MiR-188 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting SIX1 to negatively regulate ERK signaling pathway. (PMID:32016974)
• MiR-188-3p/GPR26 modulation functions as a potential regulator in manipulating glioma cell properties. (PMID:32024457)
• ZEB2-AS1 regulates the expression of TAB3 and promotes the development of colon cancer by adsorbing microRNA-188. (PMID:32373954)
• Validation of MicroRNA-188-5p Inhibition Power on Tumor Cell Proliferation in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. (PMID:32425116)
• MicroRNA-188 inhibits biological activity of lung cancer stem cells through targeting MDK and mediating the Hippo pathway. (PMID:32592428)
• miR-188-5p inhibits apoptosis of neuronal cells during oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced stroke by suppressing PTEN. (PMID:32745469)
• Circ_0109291 Promotes Cisplatin Resistance of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Sponging miR-188-3p to Increase ABCB1 Expression. (PMID:32758011)
• MicroRNA1885p inhibits the progression of breast cancer by targeting zinc finger protein 91. (PMID:32945499)
• DARS-AS1 Knockdown Inhibits the Growth of Cervical Cancer Cells via Downregulating HMGB1 via Sponging miR-188-5p. (PMID:33176595)
• miR-188-5p inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion in gallbladder carcinoma by targeting Wnt2b and Smad2. (PMID:33236530)
• Inhibition of miR-188-5p alleviates hepatic fibrosis by significantly reducing the activation and proliferation of HSCs through PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. (PMID:33689215)
• SNHG15 facilitated malignant behaviors of oral squamous cell carcinoma through targeting miR-188-5p/DAAM1. (PMID:33742497)
• MicroRNA miR-188-5p as a mediator of long non-coding RNA MALAT1 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in multiple myeloma. (PMID:33944676)
• Increased miR-188-3p in Ovarian Granulosa Cells of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. (PMID:33953792)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Mir188	ENSMUSG00000065398
rattus_norvegicus	Mir188	ENSRNOG00000035652

Paralogs (2): MIR532 (ENSG00000207758), MIR660 (ENSG00000207970)

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.