MIR191

Summary

MIR191 (microRNA 191, HGNC:31561) is a microRNA gene on chromosome 3p21.31.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Source: NCBI Gene 406966 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (miRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31561
Approved symbol	MIR191
Name	microRNA 191
Location	3p21.31
Locus type	RNA, micro
Status	Approved
Aliases	hsa-mir-191
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000207605
Ensembl biotype	miRNA
OMIM	615150
Entrez	406966
RNAcentral	URS000075BBD9 — miRNA, 92 nt, 17 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 miRNA

ENST00000384873

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000384873 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001499880	49020618	49020709

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 71 present calls, max score 82.60.

Top tissues by expression

71 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	82.60	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	82.33	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	78.75	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	78.57	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	75.78	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	75.08	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	74.38	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	74.19	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	73.95	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	71.78	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	71.05	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	70.91	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	70.65	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	70.28	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	69.89	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	69.32	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	69.05	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	68.70	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	67.75	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	67.72	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	66.89	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	66.69	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	66.59	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	66.41	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	66.20	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	66.19	gold quality
frontal lobe	UBERON:0016525	66.19	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	66.05	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	65.75	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	65.45	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	1.40

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Data show significantly increased expression of miRNA-510 and decreased expression of both miRNA-342 and miRNA-191 in Tregs of diabetic patients. (PMID:19954774)
• genetic variants in miR-191 gene may have a role in familial ovarian cancer (PMID:20167074)
• Data show that overexpression of miR-30a or -191 does not lead to an alteration in cell cycle, proliferation, xenograft formation, and chemosensitivity of A549 and BEAS-2B cell lines. (PMID:20169152)
• Proof of concept for miR-191 targeting as a rational strategy to pursue for improving hepatocellular carcinoma therapy (PMID:20924108)
• Data show that acquisition of an illegitimate miR-191 target site causes downregulation of MDM4 expression, thereby significantly delaying ovarian carcinoma progression and tumor-related death. (PMID:21084273)
• hsa-miR-191 locus hypomethylation causes an increase in hsa-miR-191 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) clinical tissues and this expression induces HCC cells to transition into mesenchymal-like cells (PMID:21969817)
• miR-191 overexpression is sufficient to induce senescence in HEKn cells and that the direct targets, involved in this process, are the Special AT-rich Binding protein 1 (SATB1) and the Cyclin Dependent Kinase 6 (CDK6) mRNAs. (PMID:22683624)
• Upregulation of miR-191 is associated with breast cancer. (PMID:22898264)
• Blood concentrations of PCB 169 correlated significantly with miR-191 expression in pregnant women living in a PCB-polluted area, who underwent therapeutic abortion due to fetal malformations. (PMID:23500661)
• in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that miR-191 and miR-425 reduced proliferation, impaired tumorigenesis and metastasis, and increased expression of epithelial markers in aggressive breast cancer cells (PMID:23505378)
• MiR-191 and SATB1 show inverse correlation of expression. (PMID:23542418)
• Overexpression of miR-191 is associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma. (PMID:23564792)
• The MDM4 rs4245739 (miR-191 target site) AC and CC genotypes were significantly associated with decreased esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk (PMID:23724042)
• Anti-miR-191 could attenuate the invasiveness, suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis by restoring metalloprotease 3 expression (PMID:24195505)
• combination of miR-191-5p and U6 could be used as reference genes for serum microRNAs qPCR data in colorectal adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenoma and healthy controls. (PMID:24349425)
• Data indicate the oncogenic roles of miR-191 and miR-425 in gastric carcinogenesis, and the potential use of serum miR-191 as a biomarker for gastric cancer (GC) diagnosis. (PMID:24603541)
• High expression of miR-191 is closely associated with the tumor size, lymph node metastasis and perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer. (PMID:25119596)
• Data suggest that the saliva-derived miRNAs miR-9, miR-134 and miR-191 may serve as novel biomarkers to reliably detect head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). (PMID:25156495)
• miR-191 could promote pancreatic cancer progression through targeting USP10, implicating a novel mechanism for the tumorigenesis. (PMID:25168367)
• miR-191 modulates the EMT and the CSC-like properties of transformed cells and indicate that it is an onco-miR involved in the neoplastic and metastatic properties of transformed cells (PMID:25252218)
• we show using reporter gene assays and endogenous MDM4 expression analyses that miR-191-5p and miR-887 have a specific affinity for the rs4245739 SNP C-allele in prostate cancer (PMID:25670033)
• our results further revealed that expression of tumor suppressor gene, checkpoint kinase 2, was negatively regulated by miR-191 (PMID:25773391)
• The miR-191-TIMP3 axis might be critical in the malignant transformation of endometriosis to endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer. (PMID:25819812)
• our results show a critical role of miR-191 in hypoxia-induced cancer progression and suggest that miR-191 inhibition may offer a novel therapy for hypoxic breast tumors. (PMID:25867965)
• Data suggest that three microRNAs (miR-191-3p, miR-455-3p, and miR-1281) are up-regulated in plasma of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms as compared to control subjects; thus, these microRNAs are potential plasma biomarkers. (PMID:25916817)
• miR-191 represses proliferation in primary human fibroblasts via targeting multiple proto-oncogenes, including CDK9, NOTCH2, and RPS6KA3. (PMID:25992613)
• miR-191-DAPK1 axis may play an important role modulating the response of ovarian endometriosis and endometrioid carcinoma cells to TNF-alpha. (PMID:26191186)
• Our data provide new insights for the involvement of miR-191 in osteosarcoma and suggest that the increased expression of miR-191 may be associated with aggressive tumor progression and adverse outcome (PMID:26406942)
• Mir-191 was decreased in patients with acute myocardial infarction. (PMID:26712201)
• Serum levels of miR-191 are increased in traumatic brain injury and associated with TBI severity and outcome, suggesting that this miRNA may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of TBI. (PMID:26756543)
• miR-191 was upregulated in patients with middle- and late-stage NSCLC, and in NSCLC cell lines, under mild hypoxic conditions. miR-191 promoted the proliferation and migration of NSCLC under chronic hypoxic conditions, and this promotion may be associated with its targeting of NFIA. (PMID:28075452)
• miR191 acts as a tumor promoter through TET1-p53 pathway in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. (PMID:28194813)
• High miR191 expression is associated with Invasive Pituitary Adenomas. (PMID:28315020)
• These findings indicate that miR-191 effectively suppresses angiogenesis by activation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. (PMID:28424351)
• This work highlights the importance of the p53-miR-191-SOX4 axis in the regulation of apoptosis and doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and ZR-75) (PMID:28450532)
• Our findings provide specific biological roles of miR-191 in ESCC[esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ] survival and progression. Targeting the novel miR-191/EGR1 [Early growth response 1] axis represents a potential new therapeutic way to block ESCC[esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ] development. (PMID:29047233)
• Estrogen-induced miR-191 was identified as a direct upstream regulator of DAB2 in ER-positive breast cancer cells. (PMID:29247596)
• transcriptional activation of the miR-191 promoter by HIF-2alpha is involved in EMT and in the acquisition of a stem cell-like phenotype (PMID:29277653)
• Expression levels of six reference microRNAs-hsa-miR-425-5p, hsa-miR-191-5p, hsa-miR-93-5p, hsa-miR-423-5p, hsa-miR-103a-3p, and hsa-miR-16-5p-were analyzed in plasma from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia lesion and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. (PMID:29299981)
• The results showed that miR-31-5p, miR-93-5p and miR-191-5p were confirmed to have significantly higher levels in urine of patients with bladder cancer in comparison with controls. (PMID:29363887)

Cross-species orthologs

1 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Gm55600	ENSMUSG00002076293

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.