MIR199A2

Summary

MIR199A2 (microRNA 199a-2, HGNC:31572) is a microRNA gene on chromosome 1q24.3.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Source: NCBI Gene 406977 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (miRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31572
Approved symbol	MIR199A2
Name	microRNA 199a-2
Location	1q24.3
Locus type	RNA, micro
Status	Approved
Aliases	hsa-mir-199a-2
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000208024
Ensembl biotype	miRNA
OMIM	610720
Entrez	406977
RNAcentral	URS000043F622 — miRNA, 110 nt, 25 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 miRNA

ENST00000385289

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000385289 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001500295	172144535	172144644

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 54 present calls, max score 77.17.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0955 / max 18.0555, expressed in 39 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
201819	0.0955	39

Top tissues by expression

54 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	77.17	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	73.88	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	73.05	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	72.96	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	72.29	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	71.16	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	70.42	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	69.11	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	68.86	gold quality
fallopian tube	UBERON:0003889	68.24	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	68.03	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	67.11	gold quality
myometrium	UBERON:0001296	67.10	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	66.56	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	66.11	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	66.08	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	66.01	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	65.47	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	65.18	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	64.84	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	64.69	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	64.60	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	64.59	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	63.96	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	63.79	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	63.71	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	63.43	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	63.31	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	63.22	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	63.22	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): EGR1

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Identification of the microRNA hsa-miR-199a as a regulator of IKKbeta expression. (PMID:18408758)
• Twist1 as a regulator of miRNA cluster responsible for the regulation of the IKKbeta/NF-kappaB and PTEN/AKT pathways and its association of ovarian cancer stem cell differentiation (PMID:20400975)
• An inverse correlation between the expression of miR-199a-3p and CD44 protein was noted in primary hepatocellular carcinoma specimens. (PMID:21055388)
• Results suggests that miR-199a-3p may play a functional role in osteosarcoma cell growth and proliferation). (PMID:21666078)
• LIF expression might be regulated by microRNA-199a (PMID:22285730)
• miR-199a* is a direct regulator of COX-2 expression in osteoarthritis chondrocytes. (PMID:22294637)
• unfolded protein response may offer a new explanation for why the miR-199a/214 cluster were down-regulated in the progression in HCC. (PMID:22359598)
• miR-199a-3p and miR-193b are involved in the senescence of chondrocytes, and miR-320c is involved in the juvenile properties of chondrocytes (PMID:22674437)
• The varied and protean functions of miR-199a. [Review] (PMID:22942713)
• These findings identify miR-199a-3p/miR-214 as important regulators of myometrial contractility and provide new insight into strategies to prevent preterm birth. (PMID:22973051)
• microRNA miR-199a-5p down-regulation switches on wound angiogenesis by derepressing the v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1-matrix metalloproteinase-1 pathway (PMID:23060436)
• miR-30d, miR-181a, & miR-199a-5p are down-regulated in several cancers & tumor cell lines. They act cooperatively to down-regulate GRP78 and induce apoptosis by directly targeting its 3’ untranslated region. (PMID:23085757)
• the microRNA miR-199a-5p is identified as an important regulator of intercellular junctions. (PMID:23201090)
• Findings demonstrated that the three-miRNA signature of miR-21, miR-199a-3p, and miR-143, could discriminate cases of osteosarcoma from controls (PMID:23269581)
• These results suggested that miR-199a-3p may serve as an efficient biomarker for diagnosis and novel prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer. (PMID:23292866)
• MIR199A, which is frequently downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma, is upregulated by the antineoplastic action of propofol. (PMID:23319430)
• The mir-199a-5p directly targets GRP78, ATF6, and IREalpha 3’UTR in hepatocytes (PMID:23598416)
• Expression of miRNA-199a-3p in plasma in early gastric cancer was higher than in healthy controls and gastric precancerous disease patients. miRNA-199a-3p level in post-operative plasma was reduced compared to pre-operative plasma. (PMID:23733518)
• Deregulation of miR-199a-3p expression provides novel mechanistic insights into TGCT carcinogenesis. (PMID:23959088)
• These findings suggest that the abnormal repression of miR-199a-5p in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared to unaffected smokers may be involved in modulating the adaptive immune balance in favor of a Th1 and Th17 response. (PMID:24634990)
• our results indicate that miR-199a-5p has an important role for the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (PMID:24839982)
• SRF promotes gastric cancer metastasis and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition through miR-199a-5p-mediated downregulation of E-cadherin. (PMID:25080937)
• miR-199a-5p overexpression promoted proliferation of THP-1 cells through increasing phosphorylation of Rb. (PMID:25258381)
• High expression of miR-199a-3p was significantly associated with deep wall invasion in colorectal cancer. (PMID:25269744)
• Expression of FZD7 was inversely correlated with miR-199a in both hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and cells and over-expression of miR-199a significantly down-regulates the expression of genes downstream of FZD7. (PMID:25313882)
• PPARA activity increases the expression of miR-199a2 which in turn is responsible for reduced expression of HIF-1a and ET-1. (PMID:25389292)
• Increased expression of endogenous mature miR-199a might prevent the growth and migration of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma via decreasing the expression of CD44 and regulating the interaction between CD44 and Ezrin. (PMID:25400809)
• Results indicate that CCL5 chemokine promotes vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent angiogenesis in chondrosarcoma cells by downregulating miR-199a. (PMID:25444917)
• miR-199a-3p may function as a novel tumor promoter in gastric cancer and its oncogenic activity may involve the direct targeting and inhibition of ZHX1 (PMID:25448600)
• Up-regulation of miR-199a-5p in ADPKD tissues might promote cell proliferation through suppressing CDKN1C (PMID:25588980)
• Hypoxia-related microRNA miR-199a-3p drastically inhibits ovarian cancer progression through the downregulation of c-Met expression. (PMID:25839163)
• It was found that miR-199a would reduce the proliferation, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer (PMID:26065676)
• Overexpression of miR-199a and miR-497 are associated with better overall survival in diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma patients. (PMID:26251897)
• The CAV1-beta-catenin axis is mediated by a feedback loop in which beta-catenin represses transcription of miR-199a-5p, which suppress the levels of CAV1 mRNA in melanoma cells. (PMID:26307673)
• hypoxia-suppressed miR-199a plays a decisive role in limiting glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (PMID:26346275)
• miR-199a/b-3p functions as a tumor suppressor and has an important role in breast cancer metastasis through PAK4/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. (PMID:26399456)
• Study showed that miR-199a antagonizes tumorigenesis owing to its inhibitory role in cell proliferation and migration. Through binding to the 3’-UTR of NOR1 mRNA, miR-199a enhances NOR1 expression, and then NOR1 inhibits cell proliferation and migration. (PMID:26781989)
• hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation is related to increased miR-18a levels and decreased miR-199a-5p levels (PMID:26783726)
• study demonstrates that host genetic variants could disturb the regulation of the miR-199a/HIF1A regulatory loop and alter pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk and poor prognosis (PMID:26872370)
• Data indicate miR-199a-3p and miR-214-3p as major regulators of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) activation and PSC-induced pro-tumoral effects, representing them as key therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. (PMID:26918939)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	mir199-3a	ENSDARG00000082451
mus_musculus	Mir199a-2	ENSMUSG00000070126
rattus_norvegicus	Mir199a2	ENSRNOG00000036364

Paralogs (2): MIR199B (ENSG00000207581), MIR199A1 (ENSG00000207752)

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.