MIR19A

Summary

MIR19A (microRNA 19a, HGNC:31574) is a microRNA gene on chromosome 13q31.3.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Source: NCBI Gene 406979 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (miRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31574
Approved symbol	MIR19A
Name	microRNA 19a
Location	13q31.3
Locus type	RNA, micro
Status	Approved
Aliases	hsa-mir-19a
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000284204
Ensembl biotype	miRNA
OMIM	609418
Entrez	406979
RNAcentral	URS0000539083 — miRNA, 82 nt, 74 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 miRNA

ENST00000384878

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000384878 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001499885	91350891	91350972

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth tissue_specific, 5 present calls, max score 82.27.

Top tissues by expression

5 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	82.27	gold quality
renal glomerulus	UBERON:0000074	63.92	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	61.26	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	57.80	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	41.61	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• a circuit involving c-myc, miR-17-92, and HIF-1 alpha may play a role in cancer cell proliferation under normoxia in a cellular context-dependent manner [miR-92] (PMID:18632605)
• microRNAs that can silence cyclin D1 (CCND1) include miR-503, miR-19a and miR-155, but only miR-503 suppresses the protein expression (PMID:19538740)
• MicroRNA-19a mediates the suppressive effect of laminar flow on cyclin D1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. (PMID:20133739)
• Down-regulation of miRNA-19a is associated with bladder carcinoma. (PMID:20857258)
• miR-19 regulates tissue factor expression in breast cancer cells, providing a molecular basis for the selective expression of the tissue factor gene (PMID:21059650)
• Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha is a novel target of miR-19a (PMID:21271217)
• an important role for miR-19a/b in the regulation of IL-6 and matrix metalloproteinase 3 release by controlling TLR2 expression (PMID:22105995)
• miR-19, CYLD and NF-kappaB form a regulatory feed-forward loop, which provides new clues for sustained activation of NF-kappaB in T-ALL. (PMID:22362744)
• In addition, a signalling network involving the p38alpha pathway, the activation of p53 and the regulation of the miR-17-92 cluster has been identified. (PMID:22828869)
• These results suggest that the IMPDH1 and NPEPL1 genes are direct targets of miR-19a in breast cancer. (PMID:22952885)
• confirmed that miR-19a/b accelerated the ADR efflux of gastric cancer cells by increasing the levels of mdr1 and P-gp and that miR-19a/b suppressed drug-induced apoptosis by regulating Bcl-2 and Bax (PMID:23603256)
• SOCS1 gene is a direct target of miR-19a, which functions as an oncogenic miRNA in gastric cancer by repressing the expression of tumor suppressor SOCS1. (PMID:23621248)
• Data indicate that miR-19a was significantly inversely correlated with tissue factor (TF) expression in stage I ( and II, but not significant in stage III or IV. (PMID:23666757)
• Expression of miR-19a was significantly reduced and TNF-alpha was remarkably increased in human colon tissue with ulcerative colitis and miR-19a directly regulated TNF-alpha expression. (PMID:23795660)
• MiR-19a and miR-19b expression was detected by qRT-PCR and ISH in 8 malignant glioma cell lines, 43 freshly resected glioma samples and 75 archival paraffin embedded glioma specimens with different grades of malignancy in the present study. (PMID:23824915)
• a novel mechanism by which miR-19a may augment JAK-STAT signal transduction via control of SOCS3 expression (PMID:23894411)
• Downregulation of miR-19 is correlated with the presence of lymph node metastasis in vulvar carcinoma. (PMID:24048714)
• Hair root levels of miR-19a were significantly up-regulated only in psoriasis compared with normal controls; may be an effective disease marker (PMID:24192448)
• HDACi (histone deacetylase inhibitor) Vorinostat reduces BARD1 mRNA levels by increasing miR-19a and miR-19b expression levels. (PMID:24349422)
• miR-19a can serve as potential unfavorable prognostic biomarkers in ESCC which are associated with some clinicopathologic factors (PMID:24360091)
• High levels of miR-21 and miR-10b were present in the serum of patients with non-metastatic and metastatic HER2(+) breast cancer. (PMID:24416156)
• these data suggest that miR-19a plays an oncogenic role in the progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (PMID:24427326)
• High serum miR-19a is associated with resistance to FOLFOX chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer. (PMID:24460313)
• miR-17-92 cluster members miR-19a/b facilitated gastric cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis through targeting the antagonist of c-Myc – MXD1. (PMID:24675462)
• Human fibroblast reprogramming to pluripotent stem cells is regulated by the miR19a/b-PTEN axis. (PMID:24740298)
• miR-19a was significantly up-regulated in bladder cancer tissues and high-level of miR-19a was correlative with more aggressive phenotypes of bladder cancer. (PMID:25107371)
• The combination of miR-19a and miR-205 in the serum may predict the chemosensitivity of luminal A subtype of breast cancer to epirubicin plus paclitaxel neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (PMID:25137071)
• MiR-19a was a significant predictor of shortened PFS and OS. (PMID:25220540)
• The CtIP 3’UTR is directly targeted by miR-19a and miR-19b. (PMID:25308476)
• upregulation of miR-19a in asthma may be an indicator and a cause of increased TH2 cytokine production in the airways. (PMID:25362490)
• Circulating miR-19a levels could be a candidate diagnostic biomarker for acute myocardial infarction. (PMID:25383678)
• Suggest that miR-19a modulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. (PMID:25400827)
• MicroRNA-19a enhances proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells by targeting TGFbetaR2 gene in severe asthma. (PMID:25443138)
• our data reveal that miR-19a-3p and miR-125b-5p target 5-Lipoxygenase in a cell type- and stimulus-specific manner. (PMID:25589070)
• MicroRNA-19a functions as an oncogenic microRNA in non-small cell lung cancer by targeting the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and mediating STAT3 activation (PMID:25604748)
• MiR-19a promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition through PI3K/AKT pathway in gastric cancer. (PMID:25914465)
• miR-19 overexpression and subsequent decreased TG2 expression was linked to chromosome-13 amplification events, leading to altered invasive behavior in colorectal cancer cells. (PMID:25934693)
• Data indicate that microRNA-19a regulates prostate cancer cells by directly targeting B cell translocation gene-1 protein BTG1. (PMID:25936765)
• Data indicates that MiR-19a regulates ASK1 expression by targeting specific binding sites in the 3’ untranslated region of ASK1 mRNA. (PMID:25982447)
• miR-19a/Cyclin D1 axis might have promising applications as a therapeutic target and a prognostic marker for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. (PMID:25985117)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	dre-mir-19a	ENSDARG00000099103
danio_rerio	dre-mir-19b	ENSDARG00000100273
mus_musculus	Mir19a	ENSMUSG00000065416
rattus_norvegicus	Mir19a	ENSRNOG00000035578

Paralogs (2): MIR19B2 (ENSG00000284107), MIR19B1 (ENSG00000284375)

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.