MIR22

Summary

MIR22 (microRNA 22, HGNC:31599) is a microRNA gene on chromosome 17p13.3.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Source: NCBI Gene 407004 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (miRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31599
Approved symbol	MIR22
Name	microRNA 22
Location	17p13.3
Locus type	RNA, micro
Status	Approved
Aliases	hsa-mir-22
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000283824
Ensembl biotype	miRNA
OMIM	612077
Entrez	407004
RNAcentral	URS00003A4D14 — miRNA, 85 nt, 32 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 miRNA

ENST00000362190

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000362190 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001436953	1713903	1713987

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 17 present calls, max score 91.86.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0922 / max 2.6003, expressed in 27 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
163776	0.0922	27

Top tissues by expression

17 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
renal glomerulus	UBERON:0000074	91.86	gold quality
epididymis	UBERON:0001301	86.20	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	83.68	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	82.83	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	81.57	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	81.12	gold quality
midbrain	UBERON:0001891	80.43	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	76.91	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	76.65	gold quality
uterus	UBERON:0000995	72.52	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	69.36	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	65.60	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	62.54	gold quality
frontal lobe	UBERON:0016525	62.13	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	54.74	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	52.45	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	51.78	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): MAX, MYCN, SP1, TP53

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Data show that microRNA-22 represses estrogen receptor alpha expression most strongly and by directly targeting the ER alpha mRNA 3’ untranslated region. (PMID:19414598)
• microRNA-22 is an estrogen receptor alpha suppressor that is downregulated in estrogen receptor alpha-positive human breast cancer cell lines and clinical samples (PMID:20180843)
• Enforced miR-22 expression presumably lowers Max levels available for Myc binding, which differentially influenced the transcription of downstream targets of the Myc-Max complex. (PMID:20214878)
• miR-22 acts to fine-tune the dynamics of PTEN/AKT/FoxO1 pathway. (PMID:20523723)
• miR-22 acts as a tumor suppressor through direct repression of MYCBP expression and subsequent reduction of oncogenic c-Myc activities. (PMID:20562918)
• these data suggest that miR-122 has an inhibitory effect on HBV expression and that miR-122 can down-regulate HO-1. (PMID:20633528)
• MiR22 may have potential in identification of prognosis and application of cancer therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients. (PMID:20842113)
• These results suggest that metastatic cancer cells increase specific oncogenic signaling proteins through downregulation of miRNAs. (PMID:21057539)
• Functional studies revealed that mir-22 regulates four candidate genesof painc disorder: BDNF, HTR2C, MAOA, and RGS2. (PMID:21168126)
• Increased expressions of miR-183 and miR-22 may both repress the protein level of ezrin, which might inhibit ovarian cancer metastasis. (PMID:21176563)
• this study provides the first evidence that miR-22 restores the cellular senescence program in cancer cells and acts as a tumor suppressor. (PMID:21502362)
• Reports the identification of the microRNA miR-22 as a p53 target gene that selectively determines the induction of p53-dependent apoptosis by repressing p21. (PMID:21565979)
• this study is the first to identify the tumor-suppressive role of miR-22 and its associated signaling in the p53-mutated colon cancer cells and highlighted the chemosensitive role of miR-22. (PMID:21594648)
• Data suggest that miR-22 might have an anti-angiogenic effect in colon cancer. (PMID:21629773)
• Overexpression of miR-22 in male tumor adjacent tissue was associated with down-regulated ER-alpha expression, potentially by attenuating the protective effect of estrogen and causing increased IL-1 alpha expression. (PMID:21750200)
• these results provide new information about the roles of microRNA-22 and microRNA-140 in the regulation of NF-kappaB activity. (PMID:21798241)
• these results indicate that miR-22 is an important player in the cellular stress response upon UV radiation, which may promote cell survival via the repression of PTEN expression. (PMID:22166214)
• miR-22 acted as a critical regulator of balance between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells by repressing its target HDAC6. (PMID:22375943)
• Data show that miR-22 inhibited the expression of ErbB3 through post-transcriptional regulation via binding to ErbB3 3’ untranslated regions (3’-UTR). (PMID:22484852)
• Our data indicate the potential of miR-22 as a novel prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer (PMID:22492279)
• miR-22 overexpression is associated with hairy cell leukemia. (PMID:22660186)
• These results demonstrate for the first time that decreased miRNA-22 expression correlates with increased radiotherapy resistance of ESCC, and that this effect is mediated, at least in part, by the Rad51 pathway (PMID:23188185)
• Plasma miR-17-5p, miR-20a and miR-22 are down-regulated in women with endometriosis compared with those without endometriosis. (PMID:23203215)
• Data show that miR-22 specifically interacts with the 3’ UTRs of the Rcor1, Rgs2 and HDAC4 mRNAs. (PMID:23349832)
• Genotype at the rs7223247 polymorphism affects left ventricular mass determined by Sokolow-Lyon voltage. The neighbouring genes miR-22 and TLCD2 are strong candidates to account for this observation. (PMID:23372812)
• MIR22 targets P38 and Tp53inp1 proapoptotic genes. Evidence for targeting RCor1, Rgs2, HDAC4. Decrease in expression may contribute to huntington disease pathogenesis, Decreases huntingtin (HTT) accumulation and inhibits apoptosis. (PMID:23516279)
• MiR-22 is down-regulated and acts as a tumor suppressor by targeting the Sp1 gene and inhibiting gastric cancer cell migration and invasion. (PMID:23529765)
• The results indicated that miR-22 directly targets CDKN1A, and the expression of miR-22 was inversely correlated with CDKN1A expression in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (PMID:23582783)
• miR-22 is down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma, and its expression is associated with the differentiation, metastasis and disease progression. Ezrin is a potential regulatory protein of miR-22. (PMID:23766411)
• the reduced expression of miR-22 was significantly associated with malignant development of gastric cancer and may be a novel prognostic marker of this disease. (PMID:23786758)
• these data support the involvement of miR-22, miR-24, and miR-34a in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (PMID:23794259)
• High Mirn22 expression is associated with myelodysplastic syndrome. (PMID:23827711)
• Findings implicate miR-22 as a crucial epigenetic modifier and promoter of EMT and breast cancer stemness toward metastasis. (PMID:23830207)
• Wnt-1 is a target of regulation by miR-200b and miR-22. (PMID:23851184)
• miR-22, an EWS/Fli1-repressed miR, is inhibitory to Ewing Sarcoma clonogenic and anchorage-independent cell growth, even at modest overexpression levels. (PMID:24362521)
• Results reveal a novel mechanism whereby p53 is involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of Cyr61 expression via miRNA-22. (PMID:24449575)
• Data indicate that overexpression of CD151 significantly attenuated the tumor suppressive effect of miR-22. (PMID:24495805)
• Data showed that serum levels of miR-22, miR-375 and miR-451 were increased in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis . (PMID:24533739)
• Results suggest that frequently downregulated miR-22 expression is associated with cell proliferation in medulloblastomas, and this may be at least in part via PAPST1, which is a novel target of miR-22 (PMID:24576181)
• miR-22 was also upregulated during the chemotherapy, and the overexpressed miR-22 targeted the 3’ UTR of HMGB1 and inhibits the HMGB1-promoted autophagy (PMID:24609901)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	mir22a-2	ENSDARG00000082168
danio_rerio	mir22b	ENSDARG00000083432
danio_rerio	dre-mir-22a	ENSDARG00000083597
mus_musculus	Mir22	ENSMUSG00000065529
rattus_norvegicus	Mir22	ENSRNOG00000035620

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.