MIR28

Summary

MIR28 (microRNA 28, HGNC:31615) is a microRNA gene on chromosome 3q28.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Source: NCBI Gene 407020 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (miRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31615
Approved symbol	MIR28
Name	microRNA 28
Location	3q28
Locus type	RNA, micro
Status	Approved
Aliases	hsa-mir-28
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000207651
Ensembl biotype	miRNA
OMIM	612154
Entrez	407020
RNAcentral	URS000048B329 — miRNA, 86 nt, 5 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 miRNA

ENST00000384918

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000384918 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001499925	188688781	188688866

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 55 present calls, max score 85.65.

Top tissues by expression

55 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
myometrium	UBERON:0001296	85.65	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	83.52	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	82.24	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	80.34	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	77.79	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	77.08	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	75.61	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	74.61	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	74.52	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	74.31	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	74.21	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	74.09	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	72.94	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	72.33	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	71.91	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	71.61	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	70.86	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	70.39	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	68.94	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	68.88	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	68.53	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	68.36	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	67.54	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	67.48	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	67.48	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	67.33	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	67.18	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	67.01	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	65.80	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	65.65	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	1.30

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Gene expression levels of bcl-6, lpp and miR-28 are different in various diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell lines. (PMID:19236753)
• miR-28 targets the 3’ untranslated (3’UTR) region of MPL, inhibiting its translation, as well as other proteins potentially involved in megakaryocyte differentiation, such as E2F6. (PMID:20445018)
• miR-28 targets the 3’UTR of Nrf2 mRNA and decreases Nrf2 expression, suggest that this miRNA is involved in the regulation of Nrf2 expression in breast epithelial cells. (PMID:21638050)
• miR-28-5p and miR-28-3p are transcribed from the same RNA hairpin and are down-regulated in colorectal cancer cells. Overexpression of each has different effects on CRC cell proliferation and migration. (PMID:22240480)
• MiR-28-5p is a critical regulator of Mad2 translation and mitotic checkpoint function. (PMID:24491803)
• Our data suggest that miR-28 acts as a tumor suppressor in B-cell lymphoma and that its repression by MYC contributes to B-cell lymphomagenesis. (PMID:24843176)
• Data suggest that miR-28-3p may play an important role in human T cell leukemia virus, type 1 (HTLV-1) transmission. (PMID:25568327)
• findings suggest that circulating miR-28-5p, involved in LXRalpha-ABCA1 pathway, may be a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of unstable angina. (PMID:25704294)
• MicroRNA expression profiling revealed transient changes in the level of miR-16-5p, miR-28-3p and miR-886-5p in the early senescence (PMID:26013412)
• Results defined miR-28 as a critical regulator of IGF1 mRNA translation function; down-regulated miR-28 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was associated with tumor growth through PI3K/AKT pathway by targeting IGF1. (PMID:26160280)
• Only miR-28-3p was found significantly elevated in the plasma of pulmonary embolism patients. (PMID:26702486)
• miR-28-5p participates in atherosclerosis via ERK2-mediated upregulation of the ABCA1 pathway. (PMID:26718613)
• miR-28-5p-IL-34-macrophage feedback loop modulates hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis (PMID:26754294)
• In RCC tissues and renal carcinoma cells, miR-28-5p is expressed at a low level and RAP1B is expressed at a high level. miR-28-5p inhibits the tumorigenesis of RCC by directly downregulating RAP1B and influencing the activation of two MAP kinases in the MAPK signaling pathway, p38 and Erk1/2. (PMID:27729617)
• Transfections of undifferentiated shed cells with miR-450a-5p or miR-28-5p mimics or with miR-450a-5p or miR-28-5p antagonists demonstrated that these miRNAs might play a role as posttranscriptional controllers of STAT1 mRNA during osteoblastic differentiation. (PMID:28407302)
• Elevated expression of hsa-miR-24 and hsa-miR-28 mark the first epigenetic changes observed between sporadic and MEN1-associated primary hyperparathyroidism (PMID:28597079)
• This is the first report of epigenetic regulation of the intronic miR-28-5p expression by promoter DNA methylation of its host gene, LPP. (PMID:28775176)
• PTEN expression is inversely correlated with miR-28 expression levels in gastric cancer tissues. (PMID:29257342)
• High miR-28-5p expression predicts poor DFS and OS of colorectal adenocarcinoma patients, independently of clinicopathological prognosticators and standard patient treatment, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy (PMID:29688883)
• we identified two novel microRNAs, miR-22 and miR-28, that target the TPI messenger RNA (mRNA) and regulate its expression. miR-22 and the miR-28 showed significant inverse expression status viz-a-viz the expression of the TPI (PMID:29856481)
• We observed the knockdown of NDRG2 with miR-28-5p and miR-650 inhibitors inducing CLL cell apoptosis, yet found no increased apoptosis rates in patients with p53 aberrations following transfection with the above miRNAs inhibitors. (PMID:30348117)
• Platelet miR-28 expression level and thrombocytosis in MPN patients. (PMID:30480878)
• miRNA dysregulation and elevated IGF1 mRNA levels in PBMCs from HHT (PMID:30512964)
• CCAT1 sponges MIR-28-5P to prevent the anticancer effect. In nucleus, CCAT1 acts as a scaffold for DDX5 (P68) and AR transcriptional complex to facilitate the expression of AR-regulated genes, thus stimulating CRPC progression. (PMID:31387890)
• miR-28-5p target CCND1 was expressed at high levels in multiple myeloma patients with LPP / miR-28-5p methylation (PMID:31607309)
• The miR-28-5p Targetome Discovery Identified SREBF2 as One of the Mediators of the miR-28-5p Tumor Suppressor Activity in Prostate Cancer Cells. (PMID:32028704)
• MicroRNA28 promotes the proliferation of nonsmallcell lung cancer cells by targeting PTEN. (PMID:32236614)
• LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 promotes breast cancer progression via modulating miR-28-5p/CENPF axis. (PMID:32485570)
• Clinical Significance and Prognostic Value of miR-28-5p in Colon Cancer. (PMID:32566038)
• miR-28-5p targets MTSS1 to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis in esophageal cancer. (PMID:32645138)
• MicroRNA expression in relation with clinical evolution of osteosarcoma. (PMID:32703501)
• MiR-28-5p mediates the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of curcumin on human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells. (PMID:32721183)
• miR285p inhibits the migration of breast cancer by regulating WSB2. (PMID:32945370)
• LINC00265 maintains hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration by targeting miRNA-28-5p. (PMID:33624782)
• Small RNA sequencing to differentiate lung squamous cell carcinomas from metastatic lung tumors from head and neck cancers. (PMID:33668046)
• sMicroRNA-28-5p acts as a metastasis suppressor in gastric cancer by targeting Nrf2. (PMID:33737068)
• Long non-coding RNA CRNDE suppressing cell proliferation is regulated by DNA methylation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (PMID:33857783)
• miR-28-5p improved carotid artery stenosis by regulating vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. (PMID:34162296)
• MicroRNA283p inhibits angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 ectodomain shedding in 293T cells treated with the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by targeting A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17. (PMID:34414454)
• Regulatory effects of miR-28 on osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (PMID:34978269)

Cross-species orthologs

1 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Mir28a	ENSMUSG00000065494

Paralogs (2): MIR151A (ENSG00000254324), MIR151B (ENSG00000265154)

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.